Today, cigarette smoking is a common habit. About fortythree..

第1题

What does the campaign intend to tell people？A．Smokers will quit smoking if they don"t smo

What does the campaign intend to tell people？

A．Smokers will quit smoking if they don"t smoke on the 28th of this month.

B．Smokers will smoke again if they don"t touch cigarette for 28 days.

C．Smokers can quit smoking if they refuse to smoke five times a day.

D．Smokers are more likely to quit smoking if they don"t smoke for 28 days.

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第2题

听力原文：The cigarette industry began in the 1870s with the development of the cigarette m

听力原文： The cigarette industry began in the 1870s with the development of the cigarette manufacturing machine. This made it possible to produce great numbers of cigarettes very quickly, and it reduced the price.

Today cigarette smoking is a widespread habit. About 43 percent of the adult men and 31 percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to note, however, that millions of people have given up the smoking habit. 75 percent of the male population have smoked cigarettes at some time during their lives, but the number of persons who have given up smoking is increasing.

Men as a group smoke more than women. Among both men and women the age group with the highest proportion of smokers is the age group of 24-44.

The cigarette industry began in the 1870s with the development of the cigarette manufacturing machine. This made it possible to【11】great numbers of cigarettes very quickly, and it reduced the price.

Today cigarette smoking is a【12】habit. About 43 percent of the adult men and 31 percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to note, however, that【13】people have given up the smoking habit. 75【14】the male population have smoked cigarettes at some time during their lives, but the number of persons who have given up smoking is increasing.

Men as a group smoke more than women. Among both men and women the age group with the highest【15】of smokers is the age group of 24-44.

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第3题

听力原文：Until the twentieth century cigarettes were not an important threat to public hea

听力原文： Until the twentieth century cigarettes were not an important threat to public health. Since the cigarette industry began in the 1870s, however cigarette manufacturing machines have developed rapidly. This made it possible to produce great numbers of cigarettes very quickly, and it reduced the price.

Today cigarette smoking is a widespread habit. About forty-three percent of the men and thirty-one percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarette regularly. It is encouraging to note, however, that millions of people have been giving up the smoking habit.

Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a person's smoking habits. City people smoke more than people living on farms. Well-educated men with high income are less likely to smoke cigarette than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On the other hand, if a well- educated man with a high income smokes at all, he is likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day. The situation is somewhat different for women. There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family income and higher education than among the lower income and lower educational groups. These more highly educated women tend to smoke more heavily.

(30)

A．The increasing output of tobacco.

B．The rapid development of cigarette-making machine.

C．The rapid development of cigarette-making factories.

D．The great number of people engaged in cigarette producing.

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第4题

听力原文：Until the twentieth century cigarettes were not an important threat to public hea

听力原文： Until the twentieth century cigarettes were not an important threat to public health. Since the cigarette industry began in the 1870s, however, cigarette manufacturing machines have developed rapidly. This made it possible to produce great numbers of cigarettes very quickly, and it reduced the price.

Today cigarette smoking is a widespread habit. About forty-three percent of the men and thirty-one percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to note, however, that millions of people have given up the smoking habit.

Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a person's smoking habits. City people smoke more than people living on farms. Well-educated men with high income are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower income. On the other hand, if a well-educated man with a high income smokes at all, he is likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day. The situation is somewhat different for women. There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family income and higher education than among the lower income and lower educational groups. These more highly educated women tend to smoke more heavily.

(33)

A．The great numbers of people engaged in cigarette producing.

B．The rapid development of cigarette-making machine.

C．The rapid development of cigarette-making factories.

D．The increasing output of tobacco.

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第5题

Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each p

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.

听力原文： Until the twentieth century cigarettes were not an important threat to public health. Since the cigarette industry began in the 1870s, however, cigarette manufacturing machines have developed rapidly. This made it possible to produce great numbers of cigarettes very quickly, and it reduced the price.

Today, cigarette smoking is a widespread habit. About forty-three percent of the men and thirty-one percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to note, however, that millions of people have given up the smoking habit.

Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a person's smoking habits. City people smoke more than people living on farms. Well-educated men with high income are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower income. On the other hand, if a well-educated man with a high income smokes at all, he is likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day. The situation is somewhat different for women. There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family income and higher education than among the lower income and lower educational groups. These more highly educated women tend to smoke more heavily.

(27)

A．The great numbers of people engaged in cigarette producing.

B．The rapid development of cigarette-making machine.

C．The rapid development of cigarette-making factories.

D．The increasing output of tobacco.

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第6题

If it weren't for nicotine, people wouldn't smoke tobacco. Why？ Because of the more than 4

,000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, nicotine is the primary one that acts on the brain, altering people's moods, appetites and alertness in ways they find pleasant and beneficial. Unfortunately, as it is widely known, nicotine has a dark side: it is highly addictive. Once smokers become hooked on it, they must get their fix of it regularly, sometimes several dozen times a day. Cigarette smoke contains 43 known carcinogens(致癌物质), which means that long-term smoking can amount to a death sentence. In the US alone, 420,000 Americans die every year from tobacco-related illness.

Breaking nicotine addiction is not easy. Each year, nearly 35 million people make a concerted effort to quit smoking. Sadly, less than 7 percent succeed in abstaining for more than a year; most start smoking again within days. So what is nicotine and how does it insinuate(慢慢滋长) itself into the smoker's brain？

The nicotine found in tobacco is a potent drag. Smokers, and even some scientists, say it offers certain benefits. One is enhanced performance. One study found that non-smokers given doses of nicotine typed about 5 percent faster than they did without it. To greater or lesser degree, users also say nicotine helps them to maintain concentration, reduce anxiety, relieve pain, and even dampen their appetites(thus helping in weight control). Unfortunately, nicotine can also produce deleterious effects beyond addiction. At high doses, as are achieved from tobacco products, it can cause high blood pressure, distress in the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems and an increase in susceptibility to seizures and hypothermia(体温降低).

First isolated as a compound in 1828, in its pure form. nicotine is a clear liquid that turns brown when burned and smells like tobacco when exposed to air. R is found in several species of plants, including tobacco and, perhaps surprisingly, in tomatoes, potatoes, and eggplant(though in extremely low quantities that are pharmacologically insignificant for humans).

As simple as it looks, the cigarette is highly engineered nicotine delivery device. For instance, when tobacco researchers found that much of the nicotine in a cigarette wasn't released when burned but rather remained chemically bound within the tobacco leaf, they began adding substances such as ammonia(氨水) to cigarette tobacco to release more nicotine. Ammonia helps to keep nicotine in its basic form, which is more readily vaporized by the intense heat of the burning cigarette than the acidic form. Most cigarettes for sale in the US today contain 10 milligrams or more of nicotine. By inhaling smoke from a lighted cigarette, the average smoker takes 1 or 2 milligrams of vaporized nicotine per cigarette. Today we know that only a miniscule amount of nicotine is needed to fuel addiction. Research shows that manufacturers would have to cut nicotine levels in a typical cigarette by 95% to forestall its power to addict. When a smoker puffs on a lighted cigarette, smoke, including vaporized nicotine, is drawn into the mouth. The skin and lining of the mouth immediately absorb some nicotine, but the remainder flows straight down into the lungs, where it easily diffuses into the blood vessels lining the lung walls. The blood vessels carry the nicotine to the heart, which then pumps it directly to the brain. While most of the effects a smoker seeks occur in the brain, the heart takes a hit as well. Studies have shown that a smoker's first cigarette of the day can increase his or her heart rate by 10 to 20 beats a minute. Scientists have found that a smoked substance reaches the brain more quickly than on swallowed, snorted(such as cocaine powder) or even injected. Indeed, a nicotine molecule inhaled in smoke will reach the brain within 10 seconds. The nicotine travels through blood vessels, which branch out into capillaries(毛细血管) with the brain. Ca

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第7题

NicotineIf it weren't for nicotine, people wouldn't smoke tobacco. Why？ Because of the mor

Nicotine

If it weren't for nicotine, people wouldn't smoke tobacco. Why？ Because of the more than 4000 chemicals in tobacco smoke, nicotine is the primary one that acts on the brain, altering people's moods, appetites and alertness in ways they find pleasant and beneficial. Unfortunately, as it is widely known, nicotine has a dark side: it is highly addictive. Once smokers become hooked on it, they must get their fix of it regularly, sometimes several dozen times a day. Cigarette smoke contains 43 known carcinogens, which means that long-term smoking can amount to a death sentence. In the US alone, 420,000 Americans die every year from tobacco-related illnesses.

Breaking nicotine addiction is not easy. Each year, nearly 35 million people make a concerted effort to quit smoking. Sadly, less than 7 percent succeed in abstaining for more than a year; most start smoking again within

days.So what is nicotine and how does it insinuate itself into the smoker's brain and very being？

The nicotine found in tobacco is a potent drug and smokers, and even some scientists, say it offers certain benefits. One is to enhance performance. One study found that non smokers given doses of nicotine typed about 5 percent faster than they did without it. To greater or lesser degrees, users also say nicotine helps them to maintain concentration, reduce anxiety, relieve pain, and even dampen their appetites (thus helping in weight control). Unfortunately, nicotine can also produce deleterious effects be yond addiction. At high doses, as are achieved from tobacco products, it can cause high blood pressure, distress in the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems and an increase in susceptibility to seizures and hypothermia.

First isolated as a compound in 1828, in its pure form. nicotine is a-clear liquid that turns brown when burned and smells like tobacco when exposed to air. It is found in several species of plants, including tobacco and, perhaps surprisingly, in tomatoes, potatoes, and eggplant (though in extremely low quantities that are pharmacologically insignificant for humans).

As simple as it looks, the cigarette is highly engineered nicotine delivery device. For instance, when tobacco researchers found that much of the nicotine in a cigarette wasn't released when burned but rather remained chemically bound within the tobacco leaf, they began adding substances such as ammonia to cigarette tobacco to release more nicotine. Ammonia helps keep nicotine in its basic form, which is more readily vaporised by the intense heat of the burning cigarette than the acidic form. Most cigarettes for sale in tile US today contain 10 milligrams or more of nicotine. By inhaling smoke from a lighted cigarette, the average smoker takes 1 or 2 milligrams of vaporised nicotine per cigarette. Today we know that only a miniscule amount of nicotine is needed to fuel addiction. Research shows that manufacturers would have to cut nicotine levels in a typical cigarette by 95% to forestall its power to addict. When a smoker puffs on a lighted cigarette, smoke, including vaporised nicotine, is drawn into the mouth. The skin and lining of the mouth immediately absorb some nicotine, but the remainder flows straight down into the lungs, where it easily diffuses into the blood vessels lining the lung walls. The blood vessels carry the nicotine to the heart, which then pumps it directly to the brain. While most of the effects a smoker seeks occur in the brain, the heart takes a hit as well. Studies have shown that a smoker's first cigarette of the day can increase his or her heart rate by 10 to 20 beats a minute. Scientists have found that a smoked substance reaches the brain more quickly than one swallowed, snorted (such as cocaine powder) or even injected. Indeed, a nicotine molecule inhaled in smoke will reach the brain within 10 seconds. The nicotine travels through blood vessels, which branch out

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第8题

.Passage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Today, cigarette smoking i

.Passage 3

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

Today, cigarette smoking is a common habit. About forty-three percent of the adult men and thirty-one percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to see that millions of people have given up smoking.

It is a fact that men as a group smoke more than women. Among both men and women the age group with the highest proportion of smokers is 24-44.

Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a person’s smoking habit. City people smoke more than people living on farms. Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On the other hand, if a well-educated man with a higher income smoked at all, he is likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day.

The situation is somewhat different for women.(80)There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family income and higher education than among the lower income and lower educational groups. These more highly educated women tend to smoke more heavily.

Among teenagers the picture is similar. There are fewer teenaged smokers from upper-income, well-educated families, and fewer from families living in farm areas. Children are most likely to start smoking if one or both of their parents smoke.

11. What do we know from the first paragraph ？

A. More and more people take up the habit of smoking.

B. There are more smoking women than smoking men in USA.

C. It is good news that more people have given up smoking.

D. The U.S. has more smoking people than any other country.

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第9题

Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each p

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.

听力原文： Until the twentieth century cigarettes were not an important threat to public health. Since the cigarette industry began in the 1870s, however, the cigarette-manufacturing machine has developed rapidly. This made it possible to produce great numbers of cigarettes very quickly, and it reduced the price.

Today cigarette smoking is a widespread habit. About forty-three percent of the men and thirty-one percent of the adult women in the United States smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to note, however, that millions of people have given up the smoking habit.

Income, education, and occupation all play a part in determining a person's smoking habits. City people smoke more than people living on farms. Well-educated men with high income are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with few years of schooling and lower incomes. On the other hand, if a well-educated man with a high income smokes at all, he is likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day. The situation is somewhat different for women. There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family income and higher education than among the lower in- come and lower education groups.These more highly educated women tend to smoke more heavily.

(27)

A．The great number of people engaged in cigarette producing.

B．The rapid development of cigarette-making machine.

C．The rapid development of cigarette-making factories.

D．The increasing output of tobacco.

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第10题

Only three strategies are available for controlling cancer: prevention, screening and trea

tment. Lung cancer causes more deaths than any other types of cancer. A major cause of the disease is not 【21】______ known; there is no 【22】______ evidence that screening is much help; and treatment 【23】______ in about 90 percent of all cases. At present, therefore, the main strategy must be 【24】______ . This may not always be true, of course, as for some other types of cancer, research 【25】______ the past few decades has suggested some importance in prevention, screening or treatment. 【26】______ , however, we consider not what research may one day offer but what today’s knowledge could already deliver that is not being delivered, then the most practicable and cost-effective opportunities for 【27】______ premature death from cancer, especially lung cancer, probably involve neither screening nor improved treatment, 【28】______ prevention.

This conclusion does not depend on the unrealistic assumption that we can 【29】______ tobacco. It merely assumes that we can reduce cigarette sales appreciably by raising prices or by 【30】______ on the type of education that already appears to have a 【31】______ effect 【32】______ cigarette assumption by white-collar workers and that we can substantially reduce the amount of tar 【33】______ per cigarette.

The practicability of preventing cancer by such measures applies not only in those countries, such as, the United States of America, because cigarette smoking has been common for decades, 25 to 30 percent of all cancer deaths now involves lung cancer, but also in those where it has become 【34】______ only recently. China is a good example. Countries where cigarette smoking is only becoming widespread can expect enormous increase in lung cancer during the 1990’s or early in the next century, 【35】______ prompt effective action is taken 【36】______ the habit.

There are three reasons 【37】______ the prevention of lung cancer is of such overwhelming importance: first, the disease is extremely common, causing more deaths than any other type of cancer now 【38】______ ; secondly, it is generally incurable; and finally, 【39】______ tobacco consumption will also have a substantial 【40】______ on many other diseases.

【21】

A．publicly

B．hardly

C．widely

D．reliably

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Today, cigarette smoking is a common habit. About fortythree percent of the adult men and