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提问人:网友peterpotter 发布时间:2022-01-07
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Before the 1850's the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating fr

om colonial days. They were small, church-connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students.

Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In Germany a different kind of university had developed. The German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals. Between mid-century and the end of the 1800's, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for advanced study. Some of them returned to become presidents of venerable (受人尊敬的) colleges—Harvard, Yale, Columbia—and transform. them into modern universities. The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty composed of teacher scholars. Drilling and learning by rote (死记硬背) were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the professor's own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph. D, an ancient German degree signifying the highest level of advanced scholarly attainment, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate students learned to question, analyze, and conduct their own research.

At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, constricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric, and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own courses of study. The notion of major fields of study emerged. The new goal was to make the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world. Paying close heed to the practical needs of society, the new universities trained men and women to work at its tasks, with engineering students being the most characteristic of the new regime. Students were also trained as economists, architects, agriculturalists, social welfare workers, and teachers.

The word "this" (Sentence 8, Para. 2) refers to which of the following?

A.Creating and passing on knowledge.

B.Drilling and learning by rote.

C.Disciplining students.

D.Developing moral principles.

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更多“Before the 1850's the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating fr”相关的问题
第1题
The literature of PR ______the care and feeding of the news media.
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第2题
The University as Business A number of colleges and universities have announced steeptuiti
The University as Business

A number of colleges and universities have announced steep

tuition increases for next year much steeper than the current,

very low, rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because

of a loss in value of university endowments' heavily investing in common 1

stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the price that maximizes

its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income; and increasingly the 2

outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of 3

business firms. The rise in tuitions mayreflect the fact economic uncertainty 4

increases the demand for education. The biggest cost of being

in the school is foregoing income from a job (this isprimarily a factor in 5

graduate and professional-school tuition); the poor one' s job prospects, 6

the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,

in order to make oneself more marketable. The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students 7

include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, giving students

a governance role, and eliminate required courses. 8

Sky-high tuitions have caused universities to regard their students as

customers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the 9

rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost to them of the

athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumni donations, so the best

athletes now often bypass higher education in order to obtain salaries earlier

from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities,

the Ivy League schools colluded to limit competition for the best students, by

agreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purely

of need-just like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on their best 10

customer.

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第3题
阅读材料,回答题。

Home Schooling

All children in the United States have to receive an education, but the law does not say they have to be educated at school. A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school,46There are about 300,000 home-schoolers in the United States today. Some parents prefer teaching their children at home because they do not believe that public schools teach the correct religious values; others believe they can provide a better educational experience for their children by teaching them at home.47David Guterson and his wife teach their three children at home. Guterson says that his children learn very differently from children in school.48For example, when there is heavy snowfall on a winter day, it maystart a discussion or reading about climate, snow removal (去除) equipment, Alaska, polai bears (北极熊) ,and winter tourism.A spring evening when the family is out watching the stars is a good time to ask questions about satellites and the space program49

Home schooling is often more interesting than regular schools, but critics say that home-schooled are outsiders who might be uncomfortable mixing with other people in adult life.50However, most parents don&39;t have the time or the desire to teach their children at home, so schools will continue to be where most children get their formal education.

请在第__(46)__处填上正确答案。 查看材料

A.Interestingly, results show that home-schooled children quite often do better than average on national tests in reading and math.

B.Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children.

C.Learning starts with the children"s interests and questions.

D.Children who are educated at home are known as "home-schoolers."

E..In some countries, however, children are educated by their parents.

F.If the Brazilian rain forests are on the TV news.it could be a perfect time to talk about how rain forestsinfluence the climate, and how deserts are formed.

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第4题
It may look like just another playgroup, but a unique educational center in Manhattan is really giving babies something to talk about. "It's a school to teach languages to babies and young children with games, songs--some of the classes also have arts and crafts," said Francois Thibaut, the founder of the Language Workshop for Children, a place where babies become bilingual.

Children as young as few months are exposed to French and Spanish before many of them can even speak English. Educators use special songs and visual (视觉的) aids to ensure that when a child is ready to talk, the languages will not be so foreign. "Children have a unique capacity to learn many languages at the same time," said Thibaut. "Already at nine months, a child can tell the differences between the sounds he or she has heard since birth and the sounds he or she has never heard yet." Thibaut says the best time to expose children to language is from birth to 3 years old. For the last 30 years, the school has been using what it calls the Thibarut Technique, a system that combines language lessons with child's play.

"I always wanted to learn Spanish, but by the time I got to high school it was too late to pick it up and speak fluently," said Marc Lazare, who enrolled his son at the school. "I figured at this age, two, it's a perfect time for him to learn."

Aside from learning a language, the kids also gain a tremendous sense of confidence. One young student boasted that aside from French, she can speak five languages (though that included "monkey" and "lion"). The school gives children the tools to communicate, and sometimes that gives them an advantage over their parents. "I think they sometimes speak French when they think I won't understand them," said parent Foster Gibbons.

Depending on the age group, classes run from 45 minute up to 2 hours. Even when students are not in class, the program is designed to make sure the learning continues at home. Tapes and books are included so kids can practice on their own.

The word "bilingual" in the first paragraph probably means ______

A.capable of using two languages

B.both clever and confident

C.aware of their own limitations and strengths

D.independent of their parents

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第5题
Most people would agree that, although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom. But agreement ceases as soon as we attempt to define "wisdom" and consider means of promoting it. There are several factors that contribute to wisdom. Of these I should put first a sense of proportion: the capacity to take account of all the important factors in a problem and to attach to each its due weight.

This has become more difficult than it used to be owing to the extent and complexity of the special knowledge required of various kinds of technicians. Suppose, for example, that you are engaged in research in scientific medicine. The work is difficult and is likely to absorb the whole of your mind. You have no time to consider the effect which your discoveries or inventions may have outside the field of medicine. You succeed (let us say) as

modern medicine has succeeded, in enormously lowering the infant death-rate, not only in Europe and America, but also in Asia and Africa. This has the entirely unintended result of making the food supply inadequate and lowing the standard of life in the parts of the world that have the greatest populations. To take an even more dramatic example, which is in everybody's mind at the present time, you study the makeup of the atom from a disinterested (无利害关系的) desire for knowledge, and by chance place in the hands of a powerful mad man the means of destroying the human race.

Therefore, with every increase of knowledge and skill, wisdom becomes more necessary, for every such increase augments (增强) our capacity for realizing our purposes, and therefore augments our capacity for evil, if our purposes are unwise.

Disagreement arises when people try to decide ______ .

A.how much more wisdom we have now than before

B.what wisdom is and how to develop it

C.if there is a great increase of wisdom in our age

D.whether wisdom can be developed or not

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第6题
Henry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, "The business of America is business." By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world.

Few would argue with Ford's statement. A brief glimpse at a daffy newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. For example, nearly every newspaper has a business section, in which the deals and projects, finances and management, stock prices and labor problems of corporations are reported daily. In addition, business news can appear in every other section. Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. Welfare, foreign aid, the federal budget, and the policies of the Federal Reserve Bank are all heavily affected by business. Moreover, business news appears in some of the unlikeliest places. The world of arts and entertainment is often referred to as "the entertainment industry" or "show business".

The positive side of Henry Ford's statement can be seen in the prosperity that business has brought to U.S. life. One of the most important reasons so many people from all over the world come to live in the United States is the dream of a better job. Jobs are produced in abundance because the U.S. economic system is driven by competition. People believe that this system creates more wealth, more jobs, and a materially better way of life.

The negative side of Henry Ford's statement, however, can be seen when the word business is taken to mean big business. And the term big business—referring to the biggest companies—is seen in opposition to labor. Throughout U.S. history working people have had to fight hard for higher wages, better working conditions, and the fight to form. unions. Today, many of the old labor disputes are over, but there is still some employee anxiety. Downsizing—the driving away of thousands of workers to keep expenses low and profits high—creates

feelings of insecurity for many.

The United States is a country ______ .

A.which encourages free trade at home and abroad

B.where people's chief concern is how to make money

C.where all businesses are managed scientifically

D.which normally works according to the federal budget

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