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提问人：网友shrimpguo 发布时间：2022-01-07
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The role of the farmer has always been an important one. Two hundredyears ago, 95% of Amer

The role of the farmer has always been an important one. Two hundred

years ago, 95% of American workers were farmers. Agriculture is 【S1】______.

America's biggest industry. Today, less than 3% of American workers are

farmers. Yet agriculture still is America's biggest industry, it employs more

workers than any other industry, and it produces more food than Americans

can consume enough to make the United States the world's largest importer 【S2】______.

of agricultural goods. American farmers used to grow only enough food to

feed their families and animals. Now each farmer grows enough to feed 78

other people. American farmers produce more today because they have to

use modern farm and business methods. This means they have to know more 【S3】______.

than ever before. They still learn about soil, the weather, harmless insects, 【S4】______.

and plant and animal diseases, but they also must learn about economics,

international trade, and even computers. It has said that farming in America 【S5】______.

today is three fourths paper work and one fourth physical labor. Because of

this, American farmers now are able to work for more years. In the past,

most were old and tired of by the time they were about 40. Today , 【S6】______.

however, the average age of the American farmer is 48 -five years older

than the averag6 age of other American workers. Almost all new farmers in

the United states have completed at most 12 years of schooling, and many 【S7】______.

young Americans study agriculture at a state university. The federal

government provided with the establishment of these schools in a law signed 【S8】______.

by President Abraham Lincoln in 1862. Today there is a so-called land-grant

university in each state. The land-grant law also created the cooperative

extension service. This is a series of local .offices around the country that

informs farmers about the latest developments in agriculture. American 【S9】______.

farmers also get information from the many agricultural publications in the

United States, Farmers also join organizations which they and their families 【S10】______.

can exchange information.

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更多“The role of the farmer has always been an important one. Two hundredyears ago, 95% of Amer”相关的问题
第1题
Which one is NOT the role of Amazon rainforest in the earth ecosystem？

A、providing farm lands

B、conserving water sources

C、maintaining soil

D、reducing droughts and floods

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第2题
According to the passage,________ play an equally important role in determining a cou

According to the passage,________ play an equally important role in determining a

country's standard of living.

A. farm products

B. industrial goods

C. foodstuffs

D. export import

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第3题
A.The advantages of the U．S．economy based on farming．B.Reasons why farmers contin

A.The advantages of the U．S．economy based on farming．

B.Reasons why farmers continued using river transportation．

C.The role of cotton in the United States economy．

D.Improved methods of transporting farm crops．

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第4题
One of the measures taken by the Roosevelt Administration in the New Deal was to______.A．c

One of the measures taken by the Roosevelt Administration in the New Deal was to______.

A．close down more banks

B．further loosen the control of financial institutions

C．adopt a number of labor laws to raise the role of labor in the relations of production

D．encourage farm production

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第5题
听力原文： About 200 years ago, the United States economy was growing quickly, mainly becau
se of a booming trade in grain and cotton. This trade in grain and cotton went on in areas near or at the coast, or near navigable rivers. It took place there because it was so expensive to transport goods over the roads that existed. They were muddy, narrow, and hard to travel on. At that time, don't forget there was only one continuous road that existed in the US, and it was made up of north to south local country roads, linked together to get one long road. Within a short time, the first east-to-west roads were built. They were called turnpikes. Private companies built these roads, and collected fees from all vehicles traveled on them. Eventually, a network of dirt, gravel or plank roadways connected some major cities and towns. But even these turnpike roads were still very slow, and traveling on them was too costly for farmers. They would spend more money to move their crops than they got by selling them. So, we see that even with some major improvement in roadways, farmers still had to rely on rivers to move their crops to markets.

What's the talk mainly about？

A．The advantages of an economy based on farming.

B．Reasons farmers continued using river transportation.

C．The role of cotton in the United States economy.

D．Improved methods of transporting farm crops.

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第6题
听力原文：Now we've been talking about the revolutionary period in the United States histor

听力原文： Now we've been talking about the revolutionary period in the United States history when the colonies wanted to separate from England. I'd like to mention one point about the very famous episode from that period, a point I think is pretty relevant even today. I'm sure you remember, from when you are children, the story of Paul Revere's famous horseback ride to the Massachusetts countryside. In that version, he single-headily alerted the people that 'the British were coming'. We have this image of us solitary rider galloping（飞驰的）along of the dark from one farm house to another. And of course the story emphasized the courage of one man, made him a hero in our history books, right？ But, that rather romantic version of the story is not what actually happened that night. In fact, that version misses the most important point entirely. Paul Revere was only one of the many riders helping deliver the messages that night. Just one part of a pre-arrange plan, that was thought out well in advance in preparation for just such an emergency. I don't mean to diminish Revere's role though. He was actually an important organizer and promoter of this group effort for freedom. His mid-night rider didn't just go knocking on farm house doors. They also awaken the institutions of New England. They went from town to town and engage the town leaders, the military commanders and volunteer groups, even church leaders, people who would then continue to spread the word. My point is that Paul Revere and his political party understood, probably more clearly than later generations ever have, that political institutions are theirs a kind of medium for the will of people and also to both build on and support the individual action. They knew the success requires careful planning and organization. The way they went about the work that night made a big difference in the history and this country.

(44)

A．The difficulties faced by the colonists.

B．The skill of military heroes.

C．The courage of one man.

D．The cause of the Revolutionary War.

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第7题
SECTION CNEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Lis

SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST

Directions: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.

听力原文： About 200 years ago, the United States economy was growing quickly, mainly because a booming trade in grain and cotton. This trade of grain and cotton went on near areas near or at the coast, or near navigable rivers. It took place there because it was so expensive to transport goods over the roads that existed. They were muddy, narrow, and hard to travel on. At that time, don't forget there was only one continuous road that existed in the U. S. , and it was made up of north to south local country roads, linked together to get one long road. Within a short time, the first east-to-west roads were built. They were called turnpikes. Private companies built these roads, and collected fees from all vehicles traveled on them. Eventually, a network of dirt, gravel or plank roadways connected some major cities and towns. But even these turnpike roads were still very slow, and traveling on them was too costly for farmers. They would spend more money to move their crops than they got by selling them. So, we see that even with some major improvement in roadways, farmers still had to rely on rivers to move their crops to markets.

What's the news mainly about？

A．The advantages of an economy based on farming.

B．Reasons farmers continued using river transportation.

C．The role of cotton in the United States economy.

D．Improved methods of transporting farm crops.

点击查看答案
第8题
听力原文：Today I'm going to discuss transportation and communication in the early 19th cen

听力原文： Today I'm going to discuss transportation and communication in the early 19th century in the United States. At that time, inland waterways provided North America's most popular form. of long distance transportation. Travel by river was often more convenient than taking a wagon over primitive country roads, especially when shipping heavy loads of farm products or household goods. Where the natural water- ways were inadequate, shallow canals were built. The Erie Canal, opened in 1825, connected the Great Lakes with the upper Hudson River. It allowed settlers in the Great Lakes region to send their crops eastward to New York City at the mouth of the Hudson at a much lower cost. From there, crops could be shipped to other Atlantic ports. The construction of the Erie Canal also encouraged westward migration along inland waterways and helped populate the frontier. The City of Detroit grew up between two of the Great Lakes. Later a canal joined the Great Lakes with the Mississippi river system and Chicago became a thriving city. Politically the waterway system united the nation in a way few had imagined possible. By the mid-1800's faster and cheaper railroads became more popular and the canal system declined. Railroads could be used year round whereas canals were often frozen in the winter. During the first third of the century, however, transportation on rivers, lakes and canals aided greatly in the growth of the United States. Next week we'll discuss the railroads in greater detail.

(33)

A．The role of inland waterways in the nation's growth.

B．The development of New York City as a seaport.

C．The growth of the railroads.

D．The disappearance of the canal system.

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第9题
The subject of my study is women who are initiating social change in a small region in Tex
as. The women are Mexican Americans who are, or were, migrant agricultural workers. There is more than one kind of innovation at work in the region, of course, but I have chosen to focus on three related patterns of family behavior.

The pattern I life style. represents how migrant farm workers of all nationalities lived in the past and how many continue to live. I treat this pattern as a baseline with which to compare the changes represented by pattern Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Families in pattern I work and travel in extended kin units, with the eldest male occupying the position of authority. Families are large and no children are unusual. And all members are economic contributors in this strategy of family migration. Families in pattern Ⅱ manifest some differences in behavior. while still maintaining aspects of pattern I. They continue to migrate but on a reduced scale, often modifying their schedules of migration to allow children to finish the school year. Parents in this pattern often find temporary local jobs as checkers to make up for lost farming income. Pattern Ⅱ families usually have fewer children than do pattern I families.

The greatest amount of change from pattern I, however, is in pattern III families, who no longer migrate at all. Both parents work full time in the area and have an average of three children. Children attend school for the entire year. In pattern Ⅲ, the women in particular create new roles for them selves for which no local models exist. They not only work full time but may, in addition, return to school. They also assume a greater responsibility in family decisions than do women in the other pat terns. Although these women are in the minority among residents of the region, they serve as role models for others, causing moderate changes to spread in their communities.

Now opportunities have continued to be determined by pre-existing values. When federal jobs became available in the region, most involved working under the direction of female professionals such as teachers or nurses. Such positions were unaccepted to many men in the area because they were not accustomed to being subordinate to women. Women therefore took the jobs, at first, be cause the income was desperately needed. But some of the women decided to stay at their jobs, at first, after the family' s distress was over. These women enjoyed their work, its responsibility, and the companionship of fellow women workers. The steady, relatively high income allowed their families to stop migrating. And, as the benefits to these women became increasingly apparent, they and their families became even more willing to consider changes in their lives that they would not have considered before.

Which of the following titles best reflects the main focus of the passage？

A．A Survey of Three Mexican American Families at Work in Texas.

B．Innovative Career Women: Effects on Family Unity.

C．Changes in the Life Styles of Migrant Mexican American Families.

D．Farming of Family: The Unavoidable Choice for Migrant Farm Workers.

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第10题
READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-28 which are based on R

READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-28 which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.

Section A

The role of governments in environmental management is difficult but inescapable Sometimes, the state tries to manage the resources it owns, and does so badly. Often however, governments act in an even more harmful way. They actually subsidise the exploitation and consumption of natural resources A whole range of policies, from farm- price support to protection for coal-mining do, environmental damage and (often) make no economic sense. Scrapping them offers a two-fold bonus: a cleaner environment and a more efficient economy. Growth and environmentalism can actually go hand in hand, if politicians have the courage to confront the vested interest that subsidies create.

Section B

No activity affects more of the earth's surface than farming. It shapes a third of the plant's land area, not counting Antarctica, and the proportion is rising. World food output per head has risen by 4 percent between the 1970s and 1980s mainly as a result of increases increases in yields from land already in cultivation, but also because more land has been brought under the plough. Higher yields have been achieved by increased Irrigation , better crop breeding, and a doubling in the use of pesticides and chemical fertillsers in the 1970s and 1980s.

Section C

All these activities may have damaging environmental impacts, For example, land clearing for agriculture is the largest single cause of deforestation; chemical fertillsers and pesticides may contaminate water supplies; more intensive farming and the abandonment of fallow periods tend to exacerbate soil erosion; and the spread of mono- culture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the disappearance of old varieties of food plants which might have provided, some insurance against pests or diseases in future. Soil erosion threatens the productivity of land in both rich and poor countries. The United States, where the most careful measurements have been done, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil at a rate likely to diminish the soil's productivity. The countrys subsequently embarked upon a program to convert 11 per cent of its cropped land to meadow or forest. Topsoil in India and China is vanishing much faster than in America

Section D

Government policies have frequently compounded the environmental damage that farming can cause. In the rich countries, subsidies for growing crops and price supports for farm output drive up the price of land. The annual value of these subsidies is immense; about ＄250 billion, or more than all World Bank lending in the 1980s. To increase the output of crops per acre, a farmer's easiest option is to use more of the most readily available Inputs: fertilisers and pesticides. Fertiliser use doubled in Denmark in the period 1960-1985 and increased in The Netherlands by 150 per cent. The quantity, of pesticides applied. has risen too: by 69 per centin 1975-1984 in Denmark, for example, with a rise of 115 per cent in the frequency of application in the three years from 1981.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s some efforts were made to reduce farm subsidies The most dramatic example was that of New Zealand, which scrapped most farm support in 1984 A study of the environmental effects, conducted in 1993, found that the end of fertiliser subsidies had been followed by a fall in fertiliser use (a fall compounded by the decline in world commodity prices, which cut farm incomes), The removal of subsidies also stopped land-clearing and over-stocking, which in the past had been the principal causes of erosion, Farms began to diversify, The one kind of subsidy whose removal appeared to have been bad for the environment was the subsidy

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