A. causes B. makes C. results D. imposes

A.attributed to

B.attributive to

C.attributable

D.attribute to

Mobile office is the mutual product of economic, scientific and social progress. Mobile office has become a solution that provided users with convenient, prompt, safe, reliable and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime via the support of mobile interconnection platform. (MIP) and its applications systems.

When you leave your office to attend meetings or travel on business, what would happen to your business routine? of course, faxes and e-mails would be still sent to your fax machine or e-mail box, but you cannot read them and make prompt reaction timely. When your clients need you to make some urgent modifications on your work and you are neither in the office nor carrying relevant documents, what can you do? Maybe you have to say "sorry" to the clients. But, your business will be affected, the clients will be unhappy and disappointed because of your delay, and you will lose a lot of business opportunities.

In fact, very frequently, you need to check, reply, distribute, display, modify or read some materials when you are not in your office. You must get out of this dilemma. The best solution to normally handle your business anywhere anytime and not to disappoint your clients is to let your office "move" with you. Thus, you can have convenient, prompt, safe, reliable and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime. With the development of communications technology, network application and wireless interconnection, mobile office has become simpler and smaller, and even can be realized via one mobile phone with data communications function. Thus, mobile office has already been put into your pocket, and office mobility has been realized.

Mobile office has provided people with convenient, casual working environment, but at the same time it still has some unsatisfactory aspects such as mismatching equipment interface and inadequate battery. Nevertheless, we believe that with technical progress, people can certainly overcome all kinds of difficulties. Mobile office will make your career successful, and will realize the dream of completely free communication. Users will enjoy more colorful life and better working environment, and users' living standard, working efficiency and even enterprises' production efficiency will certainly be immensely raised.

It can be inferred from the passage that______.

A．mobile office is the only way by which people could enjoy prompt and safe working environment

B．with the development of science, mobile office comes to our life inevitably

C．people had no convenient and reliable communications and office faculty before

D．mobile interconnection platform. and its application systems is the core of mobile office

Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The【C1】______you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually【C2】______you money or can add【C3】______the cost.

Take the【C4】______example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might【C5】______that you are making the【C6】______buy if you choose one【C7】______look you like and which is also the cheapest【C8】______price. But when you get it home you may find that it【C9】______twice as long as a more expensive【C10】______to dry your hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well【C11】______your hairdryer the most expensive one of all.

So what principles should you【C12】______when you go out shopping?

If you【C13】______your home, your car or any valuable【C14】______in excellent condition, you'll be saving money in the long【C15】______

Before you buy a new【C16】______, talk to someone who owns one. If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular【C17】______

Before you buy an expensive【C18】______, or a service, do check the price and【C19】______is on offer. If possible, choose【C20】______three items or three estimates.

【C1】

A．form

B．fashion

C．way

D．method

Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid

Good grades and high tests scores still matter—a lot—to many colleges as they award financial aid.

But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as “merit aid”, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars.

George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients（接受者）, pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago.

Now, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008.

Not all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don’t meet need eligibility（资格）have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school.

For small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running.

But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. “They’re trying to buy students,” says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum.

Studies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it.

“As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,” says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report’s ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17.

Merit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost of about $ 1 million a year, “served us well,” Inzer says, but “to be discounting the price for families that don’t need financial aid doesn’t feel right any more.”

Need-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state, federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing faster, both overall and at the institutional level.

Between 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with 47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state’s public institutions.

But in recent years, a growing chorus（异口同声）of critics has begun pressuring schools to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be “a sign that people are starting to realize that there’s this destructive competition going on,” says Baum, co-author of a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need.

David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their competitors.

“No one can take one-sided action,” says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an exemption（豁免）from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could jointly reduce merit aid, “This is a merry-go-round that’s going very fast, and none of the institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.”

A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families, who don’t qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs.

That’s one reason Allegheny College doesn’t plan to drop merit aid entirely.

“We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly value the scholarship,” says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny’s vice president for enrollment.

Emory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment（捐赠）, meanwhile, is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit program.

“Yeah, we’re playing the merit game,” acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for undergraduate education. But it has its strong point, too, he says. “The fact of the matter is, it’s not just about the lowest-income people. It’s the average American middle-class family who’s being priced out of the market.”

＊A few words about merit-based aid:

Merit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships.

Academic merit scholarships are based on students’ grades, GPA and overall academic performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases, students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification process.

Athletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel（突出）in sports of any kind, from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee（裁判）. Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance.

Artistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio（选辑）of some sort, whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of them dancing.

1. With more and more low-income students pursuing higher education, a number of colleges are ________.

A) offering students more merit-based aid B) revising their financial aid policies

C) increasing the amount of financial aid D) changing their admission processes

2. What did Allegheny College in Meadville do three years ago?

A) It tried to implement a novel financial aid program.

B) It added $ 2.5 million to its need-based aid program.

C) It phased out its merit-based scholarships altogether.

D) It cuts its merit-based aid to help the needy students.

3. The chief purpose of rankings-conscious colleges in offering merit aid is to ______.

A) improve teaching quality B) boost their enrollments

C) attract good students D) increase their revenues

4. Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, believes ______.

A) it doesn’t pay to spend $ 1 million a year to raise its ranking

B) it gives students motivation to award academic achievements

C) it’s illogical to use so much money on only 4% of its students

D) it’s not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition

5. In recent years, merit-based aid has increased much faster than need-based aid due to ______.

A) more government funding to colleges B) fierce competition among institutions

C) the increasing number of top students D) schools’ improved financial situations

6. What is the attitude of many private colleges toward merit aid, according to David Laird?

A) They would like to see it reduced.

B) They regard it as a necessary evil.

C) They think it does more harm than good.

D) They consider it unfair to middle-class families.

7. Why doesn’t Allegheny College plan to drop merit aid entirely?

A) Raising tuitions have made college unaffordable for middle-class families.

B) With rising incomes, fewer students are applying for need-based aid.

C) Many students from middle-income families have come to rely on it.

D) Rising incomes have disqualified many students for need-based aid.

8. Annual renewal of academic merit scholarships depends on whether the recipients remain ______.

9. Applicants for athletic merit scholarships need a recommendation from a coach or a referee who ______ their exceptional athletic performance.

10. Applicants for artistic merit scholarships must produce evidence to show their ______ in a particular artistic field.

He will ______ resign in view of the complete failure of the research project.

A．doubtfully

B．adequately

C．presumably

D．reasonably

The bank is reported in the local newspaper_____________(被抢劫了) in broad daylight yesterday.

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write a t least 100 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese.

1. 表示欢迎

2. 提出对度假安排的建议

3. 提醒应注意的事项

What happened to the women workforce during World War II?

A．It decreased suddenly.

B．It contributed to the high unemployment rate.

C．It enjoyed a boost.

D．It took over the male-dominated professions.

I have no objection ________ the evening with them.

A) to spend

B) to spending

C) of spending

D) spending