A．takingB．makingC．comingD．becoming

A、Taking exercise

B、Singing

C、Sleeping

D、Making friends

A、a little

B、a few

C、/

D、/

A．realized his stated ambition

B．gave us an authentic account of the western experience

C．became the American Tolstoi

D．had written an account of the cowboy which appealed to American aspirations

A．behave relaxed

B．shake hands with all people he meets

C．talk with others

D．keep quiet

A．has less feelings than other nationalities

B．has emotions as deep as any other nationalities

C．expresses emotion by use of his language

D．likes to have a joke with foreign visitors

A．occurred

B．had taken place

C．considerable

D．to many couples

The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world's great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice, of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not conflict; nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably ,an essential and desirable element of human societies.

Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.

Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.

In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to ______.

A．argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societies

B．smooth out the conflict in human societies

C．distinguish between two kinds of opposition

D．summarize the that characteristic feature of opposition and cooperation

A．He objects to their camera work.

B．He does not like their music.

C．He believes that their stories are too much alike.

D．He criticizes their special effects.

Admittedly, Kubrick had one of the largest budgets ever for a film of this kind, but, in my opinion, much of the movie's power and appeal was achieved through relatively inexpensive means. For example, the musical score, which was adapted in large part from well-known classical compositions, was reinforced by the use of almost kaleidoscopic visual effects, especially during the space travel sequences. Spectacular camera work was edited to correspond precisely to the ebb and flow of the music.

After 2001, the dominant theme of science fiction films shifted from the adventures of space travel to the problems created on earth by man's mismanagement of the natural environment and the abuse of technology by a totalitarian state. Overpopulation and the accompanying' shortages of food prompt the state to impose extraordinary controls on its citizens. No fewer than twenty-nine films were made around this theme in the years between 1970 and 1977, including Survivors and Chronicles.

In the opinion of this reviewer, until Star Wars was released in 1977, science fiction films were reduced to shallow symbolism disguising to a greater or lesser degree a series of repetitive plots. But Star Wars was different. It offered us a return to imaginative voyages in space and confrontation with intelligent life on other planets. Unlike the other science fiction films of the decade, Star Wars presented technology as having solved rather than aggravated ecological problems. The special effects created to simulate space vehicles hurtling through the blackness of the universe were reminiscent of the artistic standards set by 2001.

In the author's opinion, most of the science fiction films released in the 1970s were ______.

A．better than 2001: A Space Odyssey

B．not as good as 2001: A Space Odyssey

C．almost the same as Star Wars

D．better than Star Wars