But over the past decade, graffiti has all but disappeared from Britain's cities.(
翻译)
翻译)
Graffiti painting is traditionally a daredevil pursuit. Teenagers dodge security guards to put their names on trains and buses. But over the past decade, graffiti has all but disappeared from Britain's cities. Between 2007 and 2012 the number of incidents of graffiti recorded by the British Transport Police fell by 63%. A survey by the Environment Ministry shows that fewer places are blighted by tags than ever. Graffiti are increasingly confined to sanctioned walls, such as the Stockwell ball courts. In time the practice may die out entirely.The most obvious reason for the decline in tagging and train-painting is better policing. Numerous CCTV cameras mean it is harder to get away with painting illegally. And punishments are more severe. A generational shift is apparent, too. Fewer teenagers are getting into painting walls. They prefer to play with iPads and video games. Some have gone to art school and want to make money from their paintings. The Internet means that painters can win far more attention by posting pictures online than they can by breaking into a railway yard.Taggers and graffiti artists mostly grew up in the 1980s and 1990s. Those men—and almost all are men—are now older and less willing to take risks. Graffiti may eventually disappear. But for now the hobby is almost respectable. The former graffiti artists paint abandoned warehouses at the weekend. It has become something to do on a Sunday afternoon—a slightly healthier alternative to sitting and watching football.
1.Teenagers are not afraid of being caught by security guards when they put their names on trains and buses.()
2.Less tags can be found in public places nowadays.()
3.Because of better policing graffiti decreases.()
4.Some teenagers go to art school in order to learn to paint walls.()
5.Taggers and graffiti artists are still willing to take risks.()
Over the past decades, the population in this country____because of the rising birth rate, immigration and the declining death rate.
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听力原文: In the past, the railroad provided the fastest and most efficient kind of transport. At the present time, trains are still important; but they have serious competitors(竞争者) in the car, bus and airplane. Now people have their choice of several kinds of public vehicles that almost always leave and arrive on time. Trains provide safe, comfortable and relatively inexpensive means of transport. What will happen in the future? Will it be possible to leave New York when one gets up and arrive in Pairs in time for breakfast?
In the past, the railroad provided the fastest and most efficient kind of transport. At the present time, trains are still【11】; but they have serious competitors(竞争者) in the car, bus and airplane. Now people have their【12】of several kinds of public vehicles that almost always leave and arrive【13】. Trains provide safe, comfortable and【14】inexpensive means of transport. What will happen in the future? Will it be possible to leave New York when one【15】and arrive in Pairs in time for breakfast?
A、Upper duodenum
B、the descending part of the duodenum
C、the horizontal part of duodenum
D、the ascending part of the duodenum
A、the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.
B、the ratio of the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth to the marginal product of labor in the production of food times the ratio of the price of cloth to the price of food.
C、the slope of the production possibility frontier.
D、the average product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.
"There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can't figure out how to change people's habit," said Dr. Curtis, the director the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. " We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically. "
The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to-Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever-had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers' lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.
If you look hard enough, you'll find that many of the products we use every day-chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity- preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.
A few decades ago, many people didn't drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.
"Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns", said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. "Creating positive habit is a huge part of improving our consumers' lives, and it's essential to making new products commercially viable. "
Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.
According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap______.
A.should be further cultivated
B.should be changed gradually
C.are deeply rooted in history
D.arc basically private concern
Overeating, which has become a national pastime for millions of Americans, has several roots. For example, parents who are concerned by whether their children get enough to eat during the growing years to overfeed them and thereby establish an overeating habit in their lifetime. The child who is constantly praised for cleaning his plate experiences a sort of gratification later on as he cleans all too many plates. The easy availability of so much food is a constant temptation for many people, especially the types of food served at fast food restaurants and merchandised in the frozen food departments of supermarkets. But many people don’t need temptation from the outside; their overeating arises from such psychological factors as nervousness, boredom, loneliness, insecurity, an overall discontent with life, or an aversion to exercise. Thus, overeating can actually be a symptom of psychological surrender to or withdrawal from, the complexities and competition of modern life.
A、Cause
B、Effect
C、Comparison
D、Contrast
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