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提问人：网友lixin080108 发布时间：2022-01-07

[主观题]

there were still some tickets available for the concert（）

A．Which was expected

B．That was expected

C．As was expected

D．So it was expected

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第1题

听力原文：Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, summed up the four chief qualities of money som

听力原文： Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, summed up the four chief qualities of money some 2,000 years ago. It must be lasting and easy to recognize, to divide, and to carry about. In other words it must be, durable, distinct, divisible and portable. When we think of money today, we picture it either as round, flat pieces of metal which we call coins, or as printed paper notes. But there are still parts of the world today where coins and notes are of no use. They will buy nothing, and a traveler might starve if he had none of the particular local money to exchange for food.

Salt may seem rather a strange substance to use as money, but in countries where the food of the people is mainly vegetable, it is often an absolute necessity. Cakes of salt, stamped to show their value, were used as money in Tibet until recent times, and cakes of salt will still be used to buy goods in Borneo and parts of Africa.

(37)

A．It should be made of metal.

B．It should be durable, distinct, divisible and portable.

C．It had been 2,000 years old.

D．It should be made of high-quality materials.

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第2题

Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by som

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

I came across an old country guide the other day. It listed all the tradesmen in each village in my part of the country, and it was impressive to see the great variety of services which were available on one's own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside.

A superficial traveler in rural England might conclude that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the inhabitants or selling antiques to visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. Admittedly there has been a contraction of village commerce, but its vigor is still remarkable.

Our local grocer's shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town. Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queuing up at a supermarket. And the proprietor knows well that personal service has a substantial cash value.

His prices may be a bit higher than those in the town, but he will deliver anything at any time. His assistants think nothing of bicycling down the village street in their lunch hour to take a piece of cheese to an old age pensioner who sent her order by word of mouth with a friend who happened to be passing. The more affluent customers telephone their shopping lists and the goods are on their doorsteps within an hour. They have only to hint at a fancy for some commodity outside the usual stock and the grocer instantly obtains it for them.

The village gains from this sort of enterprise, of course. But I also find it satisfactory because a village shop offers one of the few ways in which a modest individualist can still get along in the world without attaching himself to the big battalions of industry or commerce.

The services available in villages nowadays are normally ______.

A．fewer but still very active

B．less successful than earlier but managing to survive

C．active in providing food for the village, and tourist goods

D．surprisingly energetic considering the little demand for them

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第3题

Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by som

Section B

Men seem to have always taken an interest in meteorites, but not until the early nineteenth century were these objects considered worth preserving for scientific study.

In the beginning, people believed that because meteorites fell from the heavens, they were either gods themselves or messages from the gods. Thus the more civilized of early men carefully kept the meteorites, drapping them in costly linens and anointing them with oil. In many instances, the people built special temples in which the meteorites were to be worshiped. Meteorite worship was common long in the Mediterranean area, and in Africa, India, Japan, and Mexico: such worship still persists in some regions.

Although many people held meteorites in reverence paritcularly if they were seen to fall, other practical minded individuals made good use of the durable and easily worked alloy provided by nature in the nickel-iron meteorites. They frequently used of this metal to make tools, and often pots and other utensils. Throughout history, meteoritic iron has been used in the manufacture of special swords, daggers, and knives for members of royalty. Attila and other early conquerors of Europe. boasted of "swords form. heaven". As late as the end of nineteenth century, several swords were made from a Japanese iron meteorite at the command of a member of the Japanese court.

In the nineteenth century men began to ______.

A．investigate practical uses for meteoritic iron

B．study meteorites scientifically

C．take more than a casual interest in meteorites

D．preserve meteorites

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第4题

Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by som

Section B

In the early days of the United States, postal charges were paid by the recipient and Charges varied with the distance carried. In 1825, the United States Congress permitted local postmasters to give letters to mail carriers for home delivery, but these carriers received no government salary and their entire compensation depended on what they were paid by the recipients of individual letters.

In 1847 the United States Post Office Department adopted the idea of a postage stamp, which of course simplified the payment for postal service but caused grumbling by those who did not like to pre pay. Besides, the stamp covered only delivery to the post office and did not include carrying it to a private address. In Philadelphia, for example, with a population of 150,000, people still had to go to the post office go get their mail. The confusion and congestion of individual citizens looking for their letters was itself enough to discourage use of the mail. It is no wonder that, during the years of these cumber some arrangements, private letter-carrying and express businesses developed, although their activities were only semilegal, they thrived, and actually advertised that between Boston and Philadelphia they were a half-day speedier than the government mail. The government postal service lost volume to private competition and was not able to handle efficiently even the business it had.

Finally, in 1863, Congress provided that the mail carriers who delivered the mail from the post offices to private addresses should receive a government salary, and that there should be no extra charge for that delivery. But this delivery service was at first confined to cities, and free home delivery became a mark of urbanism. As late as 1887, a town had to have 10,000 people to be eligible for free home de livery. In 1890, of the 75 million people in the United States, fewer than 20 million had mail delivered free to their doors. The rest, nearly three-quarters of the population, still received no mail unless they went to their post office.

What does the passage mainly discuss？

A．The increased use of private mail services.

B．The development of a government postal system.

C．A comparison of urban and rural postal services.

D．The history of postage stamps.

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第5题

Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by som

Section B

Pregnant women who suffer lapses(忘却) in memory or concentration may no longer be able to blame it on "the bump". The idea that bearing children affects one's brain power---the "baby brain"--is a myth, researchers say.

Their study found no difference in how pregnant women or new mothers scored on tests of thinking speed and memory compared with those who were childless. Writing in the British Journal of Psychiatry, the authors said that pregnant women should be encouraged to stop attributing lapses in memory or logical thinking to their growing baby.

The findings contradict previous studies that claimed women's brains decline in size by up to 4 per cent while they are pregnant, potentially leading to worse performance on tests of memory and oral skills.

Helen Christensen, author of the latest study, said that the effect was "a myth". Professor Christensen's team recruited 1,241 women aged 20-24 in 1999 and 2003 and asked them to perform. a series of tasks. The women were followed up at four-year intervals and asked to perform. the same cognitive tests. A total of 77 women were pregnant at the follow-up assessments, 188 had become mothers and 542 remained childless.

The researchers found no significant differences in cognitive(认知的) change for those women who were pregnant or new mothers during the assessments and those who were not.

"Not so long ago, pregnancy was 'confinement' and motherhood meant the end of career aspirations," Professor Christensen said, "but our results challenge the view that mothers are anything other than the intellectual peers of their contemporaries."

Cathy Warwick, of the Royal College of Midwives, said that the difficulties of pregnancy and motherhood could explain why some women felt absent-minded or tired.

The number of infants in England dying before their first birthday is still greater than in countries such as France, Spain, the Audit Commission says.

The health of pre-school children has not significantly improved despite the Government having spent ￡10 billion, directly or indirectly, since 1998 on improving the health of children under the age of 5 in England. Infant death rates have fallen but are "still relatively high" compared with other European countries.

According to the first paragraph, some women attributed lapses in memory or concentration to ______.

A．their pregnancy

B．the "baby brain"

C．an unscientific cause

D．changes to their brains

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第6题

Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by som

Section B

In many ways, though, definition Of such skills is quite unnecessary for an analysis of policing. It is really most unlikely that the average police officer will ever in his career perform. or even witness those detective skills that he has enjoyed in countless TV productions. The reason for this is simply that the vast majority of crimes are usually either very likely to be solved by routine investigation or they are very unlikely to be solved at all. Fortunately, the clear-up rate for serious crimes tends to be very high. Zander (1979) has shown why. In his study of old bailey cases, the identity of the defendant(被告) seems to have been reasonably clear in 87% of cases. Morgan (1980 and ongoing) has shown that well over 92% of crimes known to the police are discovered by the public who provide the majority of decisive information. In Morgan's study, crimes that were "solved" contained in their crime files over twice the amount of qualitative information as crimes that were not "solved". The various bits of information in the crime files were each rated by experienced police investigators on a Likert scale of value in terms of probability of detection, "solving" of the crime. In this, where information was provided by the public during a police interview, the information was believed to the police "since it was felt that in an interview genuine police skills are involved in the collection of information. " Evidently this method can be justified thus, but will necessarily overestimate the police role. Nevertheless, in this analysis of crime files it was shown that in cases where crimes were solved, the public still provided nearly twice the amount of information as the police.

It is very likely that the part previous to this passage is about ______.

A．police skills

B．the role of informations

C．TV productions

D．studies of crime files

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第7题

Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by som

Section B

More attention was paid to the quality of production in France at the time of Rene Coty. Charles Deschanel was then the financial minister. He stressed that workmanship and quality were more important than quantity for industrial production. It would be necessary to produce quality goods for the international market to compete with those produced in other countries. The French economy needed a large share of the international market to balance its import and export trade.

French industrial and agricultural production was still inadequate to meet the immediate needs of the people, let alone long-ranged developments. Essential imports had stretched the national credit to the breaking point. Rents were tightly controlled, but the extreme inflation affected general population most severely through the cost of food. Food costs took as much as 80 percent of the workers' income. Wages, it is tree, had risen. Extensive family allowances and benefits were paid by the state, and there was full-time and overtime employment. Taken together, these factors enabled the working class to exist but allowed them no sense of security. In this unstable and discouraging situation, workmen were willing to work overseas for higher wages.

The government was reluctant to let workers leave the country. It was feared this migration of workers would exhaust the labor force. The lack of qualified workers might hinder the improvement in the quality of industrial products produced. Qualified workers employed abroad would only increase the quantity of quality goods produced in foreign countries. Also the quantity of quality goods produced in France would not be able to increase as part of its qualified labor force moved to other countries.

According to the passage, the French workers were ______.

A．better paid than the workers in any other European country

B．able to save more money with the increase in his wages

C．anxious to work abroad

D．often unable to find work in France

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第8题

Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by som

Section B

Between the two world wars, serious novelists and playwrights(剧作家) were read and appreciated mainly by people from middle and upperclass backgrounds, for these people had money and this gave them opportunities for education and leisure which were beyond the reach of the poorer classes. For the same reason, the writers tended to come from the same kind of background, although there were many exceptions. The novelist, D. H. Lawrence, for example, was the son of a miner. But Lawrence's books were bought and read by middle-class readers, and the language which he used was literary, rather than popular.

Lawrence, like other writers of the 1920s and 1930s—Aldous Huxley, H. G. Wells, and the older men, George Bernard Shaw and John Galsworthy—was presenting his public with his own view of life. He was hoping to persuade his readers. to think like himself. Many of the serious writers of the period were concerned with social and political problems. Their plays and novels were full of arguments in favor of social reforms. They made amusing and often bitter comments on the injustices and absurdities (荒唐) of life—especially middle-class life. Some novelists gave horrible warnings about the kind of future that mankind might have to face. Huxley's amusing Brave New World and Orwell's frightening Nineteen Eight- y-four (written in the 1940s) are still taken very seriously by many young people today.

Other writers, like Virginia Woolf and the Irishman, James Joyce, were more interested in thoughts and feelings than in social life, and they expressed their thoughts in a language which was sometimes extremely difficult to understand. At the same time there were plenty of novelists and playwrights whose only aim was to excite, to amuse and to move to tears! Not surprisingly, people tended to divide writers into two kinds—serious, or intellectual, and light, or non-intellectual.

Most of the rich people used to appreciate ______.

A．realistic literature

B．romantic literature

C．funny circus

D．savage fighting

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第9题

Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by som

Section B

Methods of training animals have changed greatly in recent years. Zoo keepers have always had problems getting the animals to leave their cages in order for the cages to be cleaned, and also training them to move indoors when appropriate. Another problem was that many of the large animals became listless and bored. In the last twenty years, scientists have done research on dolphins and whales, training them to obey commands. The scientists found they could get animals to obey by rewarding them with food and affection when they responded correctly.

Proper training allows the animals to receive the care they need. It was very difficult to get untrained animals, especially the larger ones, to stay still when they needed medical attention. Now they can be trained, on command, to remain still and even to allow blood samples to be taken and shots administered. All this is accomplished through positive reinforcement, without the use of any force. Affection training, as this process is called, has been used with great success on a wide variety of zoo animals. Animal. behavior. experts have taught zoo keepers to train bears, tigers, monkeys, and many other species to behave in a way that provides for better animal-keeper interaction. This training also keeps the animals from becoming bored and inactive.

Although some people proclaim (谴责) that this training is inhumane and cruel to animals, results have shown that captive(猎获的) animals who previously were not doing well nourish under the new training procedures.

The word "listless" means ______.

A．countless

B．obedient

C．inactive

D．mysterious

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第10题

Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by som

Section B

Nineteenth-century writers in the United States, whether they wrote novels, short stories, poems, or plays, were powerfully drawn to the railroad in its golden years. In fact, writers responded to the railroads as soon as the first were built in the 1830's. By the 1850's, the railroad was a major presence in the life of the nation. Writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau saw the railroad both as a boon to democracy and as an object of suspicion. The railroad could be and was a de spoiler of nature; furthermore, in its manifestation of speed and noise, it might be a despoiler of human nature as well. By the 1850's and 1860's, there was a great distrust among writers and intellectuals of the rapid industrialization of which the railroad was a leading force. Deeply philosophical historians such as Henry Adams lamented the role that the new frenzy for business was playing in eroding traditional values. A distrust of industry and business continued among writers throughout the rest of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth.

For the most part, the literature in which the railroad plays an important role belong to popular culture than to the realm of serious art. One thinks of melodramas, boys' books, thrillers, romances, and the like rather than novels of the first rank. In the railroads' prime years, between 1890and 1920, there were a few individuals in the United States, most of them with solid railroading experience behind them, who made a profession of writing about railroading --works offering the ambience of stations, yards, and locomotive cabs. There writers, who can genuinely be said to have created a genre, the "railroad novel, "are now mostly forgotten, their names having faded from memory. But anyone who takes the time to consult their fertile writing will still find a treasure trove of information about the place of the railroad in the life of the United States.

With which of the following topics is the passage mainly concerned？

A．The role of the railroad in the economy of the United States.

B．Major nineteenth-century writers.

C．The conflict between expanding industry and preserving nature.

D．The railroad as a subject for literature.

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第11题

Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by som

Section B

One of the most fascinating things about television is the size of the audience. A novel can be on the "best seller” list with a sale of fewer than 100,000 copies, but a popular TV show might have 70 million viewers. TV can make anything or anyone well known overnight.

This is the principle behind" quiz" or" game" shows , which put ordinary people on TV to play a game for prizes and money. A quiz show can make anyone a star, and it can give away thousands of dollars for fun. But all of this money can create problems. For instance, in the 1950s, quiz shows were popular in America and almost everyone watched them. Charles Van Doren, an English instructor became rich and famous on quiz shows. But one of the losers proved that Charles Van Doren was cheating. It turned out that the show's producers gave the answers to him beforehand. Why？ Because if the audience didn't like the person who won the game, they turned the show off. The result of this cheating was a huge scandal.

Charles Van Doren is no longer involved with TV. But game shows are still here, though they aren't taken as seriously. In fact, some of them try to be as ridiculous as possible. There are shows that send strangers on vacation trips together, or that try to cause newly-married couples to fight on TV, or that punish losers by humiliating them. The entertainment now is to see what people will do just to be on TV. People still win money, but the real prize is to be in front of an audience of millions.

The sale of novels is talked about in comparison with ______.

A．the size of a television set

B．the number of TV viewers

C．the sale of" best sellers"

D．the number of TVs

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