There are mainly sets of international rules related to the interpretation of trade t erns
A.tw o
B.thre e
C.four
D.five
- · 有5位网友选择 B,占比55.56%
- · 有3位网友选择 A,占比33.33%
- · 有1位网友选择 D,占比11.11%
A.tw o
B.thre e
C.four
D.five
B.thre e
C.four
D.five
B.Three
C.Four
D.Five
A、A. two
B、B. three
C、C. four
D、D. five
The role of Incoterms 1990 is to give the business person a set of international rules for the interpretation of the more commonly used terms such as FOB, CIF and EXW in foreign trade contracts. Such a range of terms enables the businessperson to decide which is the most suitable for their needs , knowing that the interpretation of terms will not vary by individual country.
It must be recognized, however, that it is not always possible to give a precise interpretation. In such situations one musL rely on the custom of the trade or port. Businesspersons are advised to use terms that are subject to varying interpretations as little as possible and to rely on the well-established and intemationally accepted terms. To avoid any-misunderstandings or disputes, the parties to the contract are well advised to keep trading customs of individual countries in mind when negotiating their export sales contract. However,parties to the contract may use Incoterms as the general basis of their contract , but may specify variations of them or additions to them relevant to the particular trade or circumstances. An example is the CIF plus war risk insurance. The seller would base his quotation accordingly. Special provisions in the individual contract between the parties willoverride[1] anything in the Incoterm provisions.
A point to bear especially in mind is the need for caution in the variation, for example, of CFR,CIF or DDP. The addition of a word or letter could change the contract and its interpretation. It is essential that any such variation be explicitly stated in the contract to ensure each party to the contract to be aware of its obligations and act accordingly.
The buyer and seller parties Lo the contract must especially bear in mind that Incoterms only defines their relationship in contract terms, andhas no bearin directly or indirectly on[2] the carriers' obligations to them as found in the contract of carriage. However,the law of carriage will determine how the seller should fulfil his obligation to deliver the goods to the carrier on board the vessel as found in FOB, CFR and CIF. A further point to bear in mind by the seller and buyer is that there is no obligation for the seller to procure an msurance policy for the buyer's benefit. However, in practice, many contracts request the buyer or seller to arrange insurance from the point of departure in the country of dispatch to the point of final destination chosen by the buyer.
Incoterms 1990 can be divided into recommended usage by modes of transport as under all modes (i. e. combined transport) , EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAF, DDP, DDU; conventional port/sea transport only FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF, DES, DEQ. Incoterms 1990 reflects the changes and development of international distribution during the past decade, especially the development of combined transportation and associated documentation together with electronic data interchange.
[1]比……重要
[2]与……没有直接或间接关系
Questions for reading :
Cyber security has always been a serious issue as the Internet industry is ever growing. Nowadays, people can easily connect to the Internet with a simple click of a mouse. But the global network can be easily destroyed by a single leak. The world is facing a difficult situation in keeping web security.
Currently, there are no unified international rules for maintaining Internet security. China has called for unified international rules against Internet crime. Last year China and some other countries handed in a draft Code of Conduct on Information Security to the UN.
World leaders and experts discussed the possible Internet threats facing the world. They agreed that the only way to deal with Internet security threats was to trust each other and strengthen cooperation. The threats cannot be solved by any one country alone. And for these reasons, countries would have a greater chance of trusting each other in dealing with such threats.
Though great efforts were made to issue common regulations for the Internet, few results have been achieved yet. There's still a long way to go for unified global Internet security rules and regulations.
26. Maintaining web security is () for the world.
A. easy
B. a piece of cake
C. difficult
27. There are () to maintain cyberspace security.
A. no unified international regulations
B. unified international regulations
C. worldwide unified regulations
28. The only way to deal with cyber security threats was to()
A. depend on China and the United Nations
B. strengthen international cooperation and trust each other
C. ask world leaders and experts for help
29.().results have been achieved in terms of common regulations for the Internet.
A. A lot of
B. Few
C. Good
30.()summited a draft Code of Conduct on Information Security.
A. China only
B. The United States
C. China and some other countries
China Calls for Unified International Rules Against Internet Crime
Cyber security has always been a serious issue as the Internet industry is ever growing. Nowadays, people can easily connect to the Internet with a simple click of a mouse. But the global network can be easily destroyed by a single leak. The world is facing a difficult situation in keeping web security.
Currently, there are no unified international rules for maintaining Internet security. China has called for unified international rules against Internet crime. Last year China and some other countries handed in a draft Code of Conduct on Information Security to the UN.
World leaders and experts discussed the possible Internet threats facing the world. They agreed that the only way to deal with Internet security threats was to trust each other and strengthen cooperation. The threats cannot be solved by any one country alone. And for these reasons, countries would have a greater chance of trusting each other in dealing with such threats.
Though great efforts were made to issue common regulations for the Internet, few results have been achieved yet. There's still a long way to go for unified global Internet security rules and regulations.
26. Maintaining web security is () for the world.
A. easy
B. a piece of cake
C. difficult
27. There are () to maintain cyberspace security.
A. no unified international regulations
B. unified international regulations
C. worldwide unified regulations
28. The only way to deal with cyber security threats was to()
A. depend on China and the United Nations
B. strengthen international cooperation and trust each other
C. ask world leaders and experts for help
29.().results have been achieved in terms of common regulations for the Internet.
A. A lot of
B. Few
C. Good
30.()summited a draft Code of Conduct on Information Security.
A. China only
B. The United States
C. China and some other countries
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