Breakage of Packing Risk

is secure ()breakage？

A、upon

B、of

C、at

D、from

en ()in 5-ply strong paper bags as stipulated in the contract, thus resulting in the breakage during transit.

A、repacked

B、 packed

C、packing, package

A: Shall we begin to discuss the terms of insurance right now？

B: OK.

A: We have a deal on CIF price．It means that the insurance should be borne by you, right？

B: Certainly．The premium should be paid by us．All our export goods sold on CIF terms arc insured with the PICC．They provide many kinds of coverages of marine insurance, such as F．P．A．, W．P．A．, A．R．and so on.

A: What kind of coverage will you arrange for our order then？

B: Usually we']] only insure W．P．A．for this kind.

A: We hope you can cover the Packing Breakage Risk for us.

B: We can do that for you．But additional premium should be on your account.

A．We will pay that．So, please insure the consignment against W．P．A．and Packing Breakage Risk for 150% of invoice value.

B: I am sorry, we only can insure goods for 110% of the invoice value．For 150% , the extra premium will be borne by you.

A: Then we made a deal that we will insure this consignment against W．P．A．and Packing Breakage Risk for 150% of invoice value．Is there anything else about the insurance clause？

B: I don't think so.

MARINE CARGO CLAUSE OF THE people’s COMPANYOF CHINA DATED 1/1/1981, INCLUDING T. P. N. D. LOSS AND DAMAGE CAUSED BYHEAT， SHIPS SWEAT AND ODOUR， BREAKAGE OF PACKING”，按此规定，应投保的一般附加险有（）

A、偷窃提货不着险

B、串味险

C、受潮受热险

D、破碎险

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The function of packing mainly shows as follows : packing can be used to protect the goods and keep them as good and complete as they are shipped in the circulation field; packing makes it convenient for stoiing, taking care of, transporting, loading, unloading the goods;strong packing can prevent the goods from being stolen and damaged; reasonable packing can lessen shipping space and save freight. Marketing packing makes it convenient for consumers to select, carry, or use the goods. Marketing packing can also beautify the commodity, attract consumers, expand sales and increase the gains on foreign exchange. In addition to all those mentioned above, packing of the goods, in a sense,incarnates the level of a country's economic construction, science and technology, culture and art, etc.

In order to satisfy the rapid development of our foreign trade,we should grasp the latest achievement of packing science, do well in our export trade, and try to make our packing more scientific, economical, strong, merchantable, and pleasing to the eyes, and do our utmost to increase the foreign exchange eamings. So the following points should be complied with.

We should greatly strengthen the research into packing materials, packing contains and packing methods, in which we should not only attach importance to many years' experience in our packing work but also earnestly study the advanced experience of foreign countries, and start from the reality of our country to continuously improve our commodity packing work.

We should carefully study the packing characteristics, developing tendency and relative packing regulations and decrees in intemational markets so as to make the packing of our export commodity adapted to marketing requirements and consumption habits. Especially we should pay close attention to the needs for our packaging decorations of the goods in foreign supermarkets, and the reasonable stipulations on packing of import countries , thus increasing our commodity sales.

We should strengthen the study of the design for packaging decorations, improve packing techniques, blaze new trails, and continuously increase the artistic level of packing.

We should realize the standardization of our exporting commodity packing and unification of materials, specifications, capacities, standards and sealing methods, only in this way can it be easy to measure,identify,load,unload and transport the goods, so as to promote the smooth fulfillment of business.

On possible conditions, we should properly make acquisition of advanced technology from abroad to help produce the high level and advanced packing materials which we can not make by our technology process,in order to meet the requirements of the international market for high level packaging materials.

Specifically speaking, we should study the packing from both protective and promotional aspects. This kind of product production needed in one market may differ from that needed elsewhere. A hot, humid climate probably requires a package different from that needed in a cooler, drier area. The kind of transportation and ways of handling the product can also dictate package differences. Stronger protection must be built into package if it will be subjected to bad roads, long distances and frequent or rough handling. Long and slow distribution channels also increase the demands on the package. If one market has a three-month cycle of production to final consumption and another market has a six-month cycle , the latter market probably will require a more durable and expensive package. This is especially true if the market with a slow distribution cycle also has bad transportation and other conditions punishing to packages, as is frequently the case. For the reason the poorer countries may require more expensive packaging in spite of' their lower purchasing power. In addition to these conditions within the channel,the way the final buyer uses the product will also affect the package. If the buyer has a slow usage rate and lacks appropriate storage facilities,the demands on the package are increased.

Promotional aspects of packaging, those attributes which help persuade channel members to handle the product and consumers to buy it, often vary among markets, too. Channel members want minimum breakage and theft , plus ease of handling. The retailer is concemed about shelf storage and display. A country with a large number of very small retail outlets may want a package different from the one desired by a country where self- service supermarkets are popular. Because of shopping habit and retail structure, most of the detergent sold in France , Germany , and Spain is packed in three-and-one-half kilogram round drum.

Questions for reading :

A.insured

B.covered

C.charged

D.arranged

A.Deletion

B.Inversion

C.Translocation

D.Breakage