蒙代尔—弗莱明模型（Mundell-Fleming model)

A、升值，增加

B、升值，减少

C、贬值，增加

D、贬值，减少

a．汇率的变动如何影响竞争力？

b．假定你想使国内产业更具竞争力。但不想改变总收入。根据蒙代尔—弗莱明模型，你应该采用货币与财政政策的哪一种结合？

Business executives and policymakers are often concerned about the “competitiveness” of American industry (the ability of U.S. industries to sell their goods profitably in world markets).

a．How would a change in the exchange rate affect competitiveness？

b．Suppose you wanted to make domestic industries more competitive but did not want to alter aggregate income. According to the Mundell-Fleming model, what combination of monetary and fiscal policies should you pursue？

A、在解释向中国和美国这样的大型经济体时，这个模型完全不适用

B、这个模型总体上也适用于我们理解现实中的各国开放经济

C、要理解某一个具体国家的开放经济，需要依据这个模型，补充与该国“国情”有关的细节

D、我们研究某个具体国家的开放经济时，不能依据这个模型

A、开放的小国经济

B、总供给曲线具有无限弹性

C、静态的汇率预期

D、资本充分自由流动

a．如果加州受衰退之苦，州政府为了刺激就业应该用货币还是财政政策？请解释。(注意：对这个问题，假设州政府可以印发美元钞票。)

b．如果加州禁止从华盛顿州进口红酒，收入、汇率和贸易余额会发生什么变动？考虑短期与长期影响。

Use the Mundell-Fleming model to answer the following questions about the state of California (a small open economy).

a．If California suffers from a recession, should the state government use monetary or fiscal policy to stimulate employment？ Explain. (Note: For this question, assume that the state government can print dollar bills.)

b．If California prohibited the import of wines from the state of Washington, what would happen to income, the exchange rate, and the trade balance？ Consider both the short-run and the long-run impacts.

A、B

B、A

C、C

D、D

a．在到现在为止所建立的模型中，当自然失业率上升时，通货膨胀率会发生什么变动？

b．现在通过假设美联储的损失函数中通货膨胀和失业都是二次的来略微改变模型，即：L(u，π)=u²+γπ²。按照与正文中相似的步骤解出斟酌处置政策下的通货膨胀率。

c．当自然失业率上升时，通货膨胀率会发生什么变动？

d．在1979年。吉米·卡特总统任命了保守派的中央银行家保罗·沃尔克出掌美联储。根据这个模型，通货膨胀和失业会发生什么变动？

In the 1970s in the United States, the inflation rate and the natural rate of unemployment both rose. Let's use this model of time inconsistency to examine this phenomenon. Assume that policy is discretionary.

a．In the model as developed so far, what happens to the inflation rate when the natural rate of unemployment rises？

b．Let's now change the model slightly by supposing that the Fed's loss function is quadratic in both inflation and unemployment. That is, L(u，π)=u²+γπ². Follow steps similar to those in the text to solve for the inflation rate under discretionary policy.

c．Now what happens to the inflation rate when the natural rate of unemployment rises？

d．In 1979, President Jimmy Carter appointed the conservative central banker Paul Volcker to head the Federal Reserve. According to this model, what should have happened to inflation and unemployment？