大调（Major mode）

The major difference between CPT and CFR is() CPT can be used for any mode of transport and CFR only can be used for sea and inland waterway transport.

A．正确

B．错误

ansport,while CPT can be used for any mode of transport.( )

A、Our team optimized and formed a new anti-coronavirus TCM prescription, immediately providing the TCM prescription with certain clinical experience and objective evidence support for the prevention and treatment of new emergent infectious diseases in our hospital.

B、This research has innovated the method mode in clinical practice and basic research integration of traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and control of new emerging infectious diseases.

C、It is of great significance to further improve the rapid response mechanism of TCM in face of major epidemics, and further improve the capability level of TCM to prevent and treat new emerging infectious diseases.

D、To respond faster to the needs of patients in the face of major epidemics, it will be critical to improve the response mechanisms involved in preparing TCM prescriptions, and to increase its share in preventing new emerging infectious diseases, and treating patients already infected.

E、Our work presented here provides an innovative new approach for integrating traditional Chinese medicine into therapeutic approaches based on Western medicine to both prevent and control emerging infectious diseases.

_ and published in January 1, 2000. The “Inconterms 2000” includes 13 different international trade terms. They specify at which point the risk of loss and/or damage passes from the seller to buyer as well as which party pays for specific activities. FOB,__2__and CIF are the traditional three trade terms among them, which are most widely used in international trade. Like CIF,the__3__must pay the costs and freight and insurance necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination. While the new three terms FCA, CPT and CIP developed on the basis of the traditional ones. The traditional three terms can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport and the new three terms can be used for any mode of transport especially__4___. Take CPT and CFR for example, the major difference is that CFR can only be used for sea and inland waterway transport, while CPT can be used for any mode of transport, if the parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ship’s rail,the__5__term is preferred.

1. A. ICC

B. WTO

C. FIATA

D. United Nation

2. A. CFR

B. CPT

C. FCA

D. CIP

3. A. Carrier

B. Seller

C. Buyer

D. Consignee

4. A. sea transport

B. air transport

C. road transport

D. muti-model transport

5. A. CFR

B. CPT

C. FCA

D. CIP

Essay 2 Transportation Decision

Transportation decision consists of the following parts:

1.Selection of the mode is determined by the consideration of distance,cargo weights,linkage,timing and other requirements.Generally speaking,rail has high fixed cost and the relatively low variable cost.It can move heavy,large quantity of cargo in the long distance.But,rail is disadvantaged because of the longer transit time and less frequent service than motor.

Motor carriers such as truck companies offer door-to-door service,that is,the cargo can be shipped from the shipper’s warehouse to theconsignee’s.Trucking fixed cost is the lowest of any carrier,because the equipment is fairly cheap and themotor carriers do not have to invest in the roads on which they run their operations.However,their variable costs are very high.Its expenses include two major components:firstly,the pick-up and delivery costs;secondly,there are gas or fuel costs,labor expenses and toll roads fees to be paid to highway and toll road operators.Therefore,motor transport is good for cargo with small quantity to be shipped within shortvdistances.

Water is the predominant choice of transportation as it has the capacity to take greatest quantity,travel longest distance with lowest cost.Transport by sea accounts for 80% of international trade.The major expenses for water are expenses associated with investment and maintenance of the ships and terminals.For example, a 100000- ton container ship costs US$ 200 million.Terminal associated costs include harbor fees and the cost for loading and unloading the goods.

Transport by air has the highest cost but it is fast with the lowest ratio of loss and damage. If you need to deliver an urgent order,there is little choice but by air.

2.Transport service provider is selected for its experiences,equipment,services and prices.Competitive in the transport industry usually drives the prices down and motivates for better services A company also chooses its transport service provider because of its long-standing business relationship with certain shipping companies.

3.The alternative routing and scheduling is specific for motor only because railway and water have strict route and timetable.

Motor has special advantage in terms of flexibility.It has the ability to load goods at greater frequency,travel through different routes and making deliveries to different locations.

Questions:

56.How is the transportation mode selected？ ()

A.By suppliers.

B.By customers.

C.By consideration of distance,weight,linkage and other requirements.

D.By government requirements.

his vision to canvas(画布). The broad outlines are drawn, the proper perspective achieved, and the total impact of the picture-to-be can be partially appreciated in advance. So it is with the design of research: it specifies in advance the kinds of statements that can be made on the basis of its findings and fixes the perspectives against which these findings are to be evaluated.

One major purpose of this study was to demonstrate whether or not the newer social research techniques could help in broadening and deepening knowledge concerning juvenile delinquency(少年犯罪). Construction of the design was guided by this goal of exploring new methods in the analysis of juvenile delinquency. However, research technique developed in one content area can not be mechanically transferred to another. A new application of them requires substantial changes and it is these innovative modifications which this study offers as its contribution.

Juvenile delinquency has been the subject of many previous studies using a variety of research techniques. This study makes an additional contribution by using a design specially planned to permit a comparison of several approaches.

The drawing up of the study design profited greatly from an extensive survey of previous re searches on crime, undertaken during the earliest stage of the project. It was found that most studies could be classified as belonging to one or more of three broadly conceived types: social background study, family background study and personal motivation study.

Each type has its characteristic design and mode of interpretation and each has produced information of considerable importance. Yet not attempt was made in any of 'the studies to integrate one or more of these three design types. It became apparent that one of the major contributions a pilot study could make to both method and substantive findings would be to bring all three study types together in one design for the purpose of correlating(使相互关联) their findings and evaluating their relative importance in producing data of use to the practitioner.

In the first paragraph, the author draws an analogy between _______.

A．doing research and drawing a picture

B．research finding and pictures perspective

C．designing a research and making a quick drawing

D．a researcher and a painter

his vision to canvas(画布). The broad outlines are drawn, the proper perspective achieved, and the total impact of the picture-to-be can be partially appreciated in advance. So it is with the design of research: it specifies in advance the kinds of statements that can be made on the basis of its findings and Sixes the perspectives against which these findings are to be evaluated.

One major purpose of this study was to demonstrate whether or not the newer social research techniques could help in broadening and deepening knowledge concerning juvenile delinquency. Construction of the design was guided by this goal of exploring new methods in the analysis of juvenile delinquency. However, research technique developed in one content area can not be mechanically transferred to another. A new application of them requires substantial changes and it is these innovative modifications which this study offers as its contribution.

Juvenile delinquency has been the subject of many previous studies using a variety of research techniques. This study makes an additional contribution by using a design specially planned to permit a comparison of several approaches.

The drawing up of the study design profited greatly from an extensive survey of previous researches on crime, undertaken during the earliest stage of the project. It was found that most studies could be classified as belonging to one or more of three broadly conceived types: social background study, family background study and personal motivation study.

Each type has its characteristic design and mode of interpretation and each has produced information of considerable importance. Yet not attempt was made in any of the studies to integrate one or more of these three design types. It became apparent that one of the major contributions a pilot study could make to both method and substantive findings would be to bring all three study types together in one design for the purpose of correlating their findings and evaluating their relative importance in producing data of use to the practitioner.

In the first paragraph, the author draws an analogy between ______.

A．doing research and drawing a picture

B．research finding and picture's perspective

C．designing a research and making a quick drawing

D．a researcher and a painter

The key partnerships we build with software developers around the world are central not only to the success of Windows but also to realize the great possibilities that PC technology provides. It's through applications of every variety that businesses will be using the personal computer as the tool of the Information Age.

Microsoft has a vision for where the PC is going. And that vision says that PCs will become a central element of how companies share information inside the company. The name of that vision is, the so called Digital Nervous System (DNS) , allowing companies to reduce paper work and make better decisions. The Digital Nervous System means that not only do you have the PCs that are connected together, and not only do you have standard elements like electronic mail but also you've really thought carefully about what information is important, and so all of the processes-order taking, sales planning, personnel management, project management—all of those have been set up to take full advantage of the capabilities of the computer.

Now, another major vision that Microsoft has is that writing the programs, writing the applications for these machines needs to get very easy and we need to be able to do it, so we can write programs that run across the entire Internet which is millions of machines. So this is a new approach to programming that draws on what was done previously. DNS says that developers should be able to focus on their particular task and not have to learn a lot about management of the machine resources.

Great chips and systems developed by our partners who are here with us sponsoring this event, make this all possible. And there's an incredible opportunity for developers. The applications that are written today will sell to an even larger base of machines out in the market. There is a lot that we're doing to increase the work of developers—make sure they understand where the PC is going and how tools can help them and we're even helping them now, with more and more marketing type of activities making sure they get in with the customers.

And this is something that we are just going to increase year after year, after year. And so the overall DNS message is one about helping developers seize that opportunity by bringing together the different architectures, making things automatic and allowing this to be done in a great evolutionary fashion.

The so called DNS means all the following EXCEPT______.

A．efficient working mode

B．sound decisions to be made

C．smooth ways to be connected to other PCS

D．removal of all the downsides of PCS

Transportation in the U.S.

Railroads are paths of parallel metal rails that allow a wheeled vehicle to move more easily by reducing friction. Iron mils were first used in the early 1800s to guide horse-drawn wagons. After the invention of the steam locomotive (机车) in 1804, steam engines replaced horses as the primary means of power. Modem locomotives commonly use electric motors or diesel (柴油机) engines and pull long trains of passenger or freight (货物) ears. The benefits of rail transportation in both speed and carrying capacity made it superior to other methods of transportation in the 1800s. In the United States and Canada, with their vast expanses of territory, the railroad became a major means of cross-country transportation. In many countries, rail continues to be the main mode of passenger travel. In Europe and Japan, major cities axe connected by high-speed passenger trains, such as the French TGV (Train Grande Vitesse) and the Japanese Shinkansen (新干线) trains, popularly known as bullet trains (高速火车). The Shinkansen train can reach speeds of 300 km/h (186 mph). Railroads have had a profound impact on civilization. Most importantly, the efficiency and speed of mil travel allow a nation's population, industry, and agriculture to be established throughout that nation's territory, even in previously remote areas. Rail transportation has also played a significant role in urban transportation systems.

Motor vehicles make up a broad class of self-propelled (机动式的) land-transportation devices that generally use internal-combustion engines (内燃机) and gasoline or diesel fuel for power. Most motor vehicles are designed to travel on roads, but specialized vehicles with more solid construction are used for off-road travel over irregular ground. Motor vehicles range from motorcycles and automobiles for personal use to trucks, which can transport large amounts of cargo, and buses, which can carry many passengers. The first self-propelled vehicle was powered by steam. French engineer Nicholas-Joseph Cugnot built a steam-propelled vehicle in 1769. Between 1860 and 1890, innovations in steam-engine technology led to more steam-powered vehicles, primarily in France. At the beginning of the 20th century, gasoline powered automobiles began to emerge as the dominant form. of motor vehicle. Automobiles and other motor vehicles grew especially popular in the United States. From a relatively modest number in 1900, the number of motor vehicles in the United States reached 458,500 by 1910 and 6.2 million by 1918. At the end of the 20th century, over 130 million automobiles, 69 million light trucks, and 1.2 million heavy trucks were in use in the United States, being driven an estimated 4.5 trillion km (2.8 trillion mi) per year. The heavy truck, which first came into mass production just prior to World War Ⅰ (1914-1918), has become a major means of moving freight. It is a major competitor with railroads for freight business. The bus was developed in response to the apparent popularity of tiding in motor vehicles. In many nations buses are a major form. of urban and intercity passenger transportation. The motorcycle is one of the most abundant forms of individual urban transportation in the world today. The growth of motorcycle or motorbike use has been especially large in Asian cities, where motorcycles provide a means of bypassing crowded automobile traffic. One of the few motor vehicles that do not use wheels is the snowmobile, which uses a drive track (made of a belt of robber) and a pair of skis to move through snow. Although used for basic transportation in areas with heavy winter snows, the snowmobile is mostly used as a recreational vehicle. Over 200,000 snowmobiles are sold annually in the United States, Canada, and Europe.

Air travel has revolutionized global transportation by dramatically reducing the time needed to travel great distances. Journeys across nations or oceans that might have taken

A．Y

B．N

C．NG