Besides concerns about how ads affect individuals, critics have raised ethical issues ab

out how advertising affects society. For example, J. K. Galbraith argued that advertising creates the desires that the production of consumer goods then satisfy. Others【M1】______ accuse advertising for creating a materialistic society full of【M2】______ people think that happiness lies in owning things and who are【M3】______ obsessed with buying consumer goods. These critics think we are creating a society in which private goods are plentiful and in【M4】______ which public goods, which are seldom advertised, are ignored—a society rich in private cars but whose highways and streets are disintegrating. Ads drive selfish consumption on the expense of【M5】______ friendship, community, art, and truth. Furthermore, advertising allows the system to "buy off" political unsatisfied people with【M6】______ promises and consumer goods, leading to political apathy and the undermining of democracy. However, there are many who think these sorts of criticisms exaggerate the impact of ads on society. Major social changes are caused by advertising; ads follow【M7】______ social trends, and they dont create them. This debate centers on two perhaps resolvable issues. First, there is the empirical question of【M8】______ how much impact advertising has on society; this is difficult to answer because the effect of ads cannot be separated from other social forces, and because it is hard to determine whether ads cause or follow social trends. Second, there is the ethical question of whether the purported effects, such as materialism, are morally objective. Perhaps it is more helpful to look at specific issues【M9】______ rather than the social impact of advertising in the general.【M10】______

【M1】