Hindus do not eat beef, and Muslims do not eat port.

n tradition. The interests of the family take【C2】______over those of the【C3】______. Families are generally large,【C4】______the government is actively encouraging family【C5】______to curb rapid population growth.【C6】______families often live together or near each other, and form. the basic social and economic【C7】______of rural Indian society. The elderly are respected and cared for by their families. The father is considered the head of the【C8】______Middle-class families, especially in【C9】______areas, are becoming more nuclear. A middle-or upper-class father expects to take care of the children【C10】______until they have finished an education and taken a job【C11】______how long it takes. Most working and middle-class women work outside the home【C12】______economic necessity, and a growing number of urban women are joining the professional【C13】______.

Foods vary widely in India, depending on the culture and region. For example, rice is a【C14】______in the south,【C15】______rot'i(wheat bread)is the main food in the north. Indian meals are usually very【C16】______. Different types of curry, made with eggs, fish, meat, or vegetables, are popular. Vegetarianism is widely【C17】______, often for religious reasons. All castes and【C18】______have their own rules and customs【C19】______food. Hindus consider cows to be sacred and they, like Sikhs, will not eat beef.【C20】______Muslims do not eat pork or drink alcohol.

【C1】

A．held

B．rooted

C．moved

D．impressed

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage？______

A．To Hindus, marriage is important but not necessary

B．Although family is important, no one expects young Indians to give up their own happiness for the benefit of the family

C．Young Indians do not traditionally go on dates with their future spouses

D．Although many marriages are still arranged, most young people nowadays choose their marriage partner on the basis of love

What are the speakers going to do？

A．To see a play.

B．To eat something.

C．To have their lessons.

A、Vegans

B、Semi-vegetarians

C、Raw foodists

D、Fruitarians

Do you feel like ______ today？

A．having something eaten

B．having something to eat

C．to have something eaten

D．to have something to eat

ge, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following the passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.

Of all aspects of Indian culture, the caste system is perhaps the most bewildering to outsiders. For visitors unaccustomed to this system of hereditary social divisions, the complex and mostly unwritten rules governing whom a person can marry, what kind of work she can do, and even what kind of food she can eat may seem puzzling and mysterious. One reason for this confusion is that the concept of caste is actually divided into two separate but related concepts in Indian culture: varna and jati.

Varna, which literally means "color," is the most basic social division. There are four varna: the Brahmans, the traditional priest class; the Kshatriya, the warrior class; the Vaishya, the skilled workers and merchants; and the Sudra, laborers whose role is to serve the three higher classes. Below the Sudra are a class known as the Untouchables, who technically fall outside of the varna system because they are supposedly "unclean" in a ritual sense. The Untouchables are the lowest class in India, but they make life possible for everyone else because they take care of the jobs that would "pollute" the higher classes, such as working with dead animals or cleaning sewage. The Indian statesman Mohandas Gandhi, in an effort to promote social equality, encouraged people to refer to Untouchables as the Harijan, which means "Children of God."

Each varna is then divided into hundreds or thousands of jati, a term that literally means "birth." The jati are kinship groups with hereditary roles and professions, such as leatherworker or brick-maker. Observant Hindus have traditionally married within their varna and jati.

The origins of the caste system are obscure. The prevailing theory among anthropologists is that the Varna system emerged shortly after the so-called Aryan Invasion of the second millennium B.C. According to this theory, a population of Indo-European invaders conquered northern India around 1500 B.C. The Indo-Europeans placed themselves in the three highest rungs of society (Brahman, Kshatriya, and Vaishya), corresponding to the traditional division of Indo-European societies into priests, warriors, and commoners, while placing the conquered local populations into the worker classes of the Sudra and the Untouchables. This theory does not account for the jati system, however, which has parallels in no other Indo-European society. Most anthropologists suggest that the jati system predates the varna system, and that it might have originated in the Harappan civilization that prevailed in northern India prior to the Aryan Invasion.

What is the primary purpose of the passage？

A．To compare and contrast two theories on the origin of the caste system in India

B．To shed some light on an aspect of Indian society that can be confusing to outsiders

C．To highlight the social injustices still faced by the Untouchable caste in India today

D．To discredit the theory that the "Aryan Invasion" brought an end to the Harappan civilization

E．To explain to the reader the distinction between the Brahman and Kshatriya castes

听力原文：Why do Americans eat daytime meals in a hurry？

(12)

A．They want to eat dinner slowly.

B．They don't like eating at a restaurant.

C．They are very busy.

D．They don't like to eat.