If your total intake is 1800kacl per day and fat provides 30..

第1题

FatAdult fat rates have almost quadrupled in the last 25 years. Not 22% of Britons are fat

Fat

Adult fat rates have almost quadrupled in the last 25 years. Not 22% of Britons are fat and three-quarters are overweight. The number of fat tripled in 20 years. 10% of six year olds are fat, rising to 17% of 15 year olds. Becoming fat can lead to health problems, including arthritis, heart disease and diabetes;

What is Fat？

Your "body mass index" or BMI is a measure of, body fat based on height and weight.

A BMI of:

Under 20 = underweight

20 - 25 = normal

25 - 30 = overweight

30 + = fat

So, according to the formula, people are classed as fat if they have a body mass index over 30. They are overweight if it is 25 - 30.

Reasons to Get Fat

Fat functions as energy reservoir. It is 1aid down when food is plentiful and then converted back to energy when needed. Normal levels of fat are not a problem for the body. In fact, they're necessary for it to function smoothly.

On a basic level, people become fat when their caloric intake is higher than their calorie expenditure. However, a host of factors complicate this picture. An individual's genetics, metabolism, culture and lifestyle. all have a role to play.

Where is Fat Stored in the Body？

Most fat is stored under the skin. But there is also some on top of your kidneys and inside your liver and muscles. Other body parts that gather fat depend on your gender:

•adult men: chest, waist

•adult women: breasts, waist and hips

Fat tissue is made up of fat cells. These are like tiny plastic bags that hold droplets of fat. Fat cells are only formed in our childhood. They start growing while we are in our mothers' pregnancy. The next stage of generation is during puberty (青春期), when the sex hormones are triggered. It defines the areas in which the fat cells grow. The amount of fat the body wants to store is thought to be proportional to the total number of fat cells.

After puberty, we do not grow any more fat cells. Our ceils just expand or shrink to accommodate the fat inside our bodies.

The problem with Childhood Fat

If a child becomes fat their body processes can change. Some of these may Be difficult or even impossible to alter in adulthood.

Fat ceils are laid down in the first few years of life. If fat is stored quickly, more fat cells are created. So a fat child can have up to three times as many as a normal child. Eventually, fat cells stop multiplying and an adult has a fixed number for the rest of their life. The existing cells simply enlarge or shrink to accommodate more fat.

Health problems for kids — Few health problems are observed in obsess children. But they may develop conditions that cause problems later in life, such as high blood pressure.

They may also suffer from "sleep apnoea (呼吸暂停)". When this happens, soft tissue in the throat blocks the airways during sleep. This can stop their breathing for up to a minute. This process can happen hundreds of times a night, leading to heart disease, memory problems, headaches and fatigue.

Diabetes risk Some fat children may develop type Ⅱ diabetes. Normally this condition only starts much later in life. When it strikes, the body stops being able to process sugar properly and the cells are starved of energy. Type Ⅱ diabetes cannot be cured, but it can be treated. It may lead to complications such as nerve damage, heart disease, kidney disease and blindness. Children with this condition will have to live with it all their lives, increasing the chance of complications.

What Treatments Are Available？

New drugs — Current weigh-loss drugs are mainly amphetamine (安非他明，一种药品) based. They increase the amount of some hormones in the blood, lowering hunger levels. However, they are not s

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第2题

10

A、They eat foods with little fat

B、They have lower mortality rates

C、They use little oil in cooking

D、They care much about their health.

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第3题

Eggs, though nourishing, have ______ of fat content.A、large numberB、a large numberC、a h

Eggs, though nourishing, have ______ of fat content.

A、large number

B、a large number

C、a high amount

D、the high amount

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第4题

It can be inferred from the passage that, in the course of a heating season, the heatingca

pacity of h heat pump is greatest when______

A．heating is least essential

B．electricity rates are lowest

C．its compressor runs the fastest

D．outdoor temperatures hold steady

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第5题

Mediterranean Diet The Mediterranean diet is based upon the eating patterns of tradit

ional cultures in the Mediterranean region. Several noted nutritionists and research projects have concluded that this diet is one of the most healthful in the world in terms of preventing such illnesses as heart disease and cancer, and increasing life expectancy. The countries that have inspired the Mediterranean diet all surround the Mediterranean Sea. These cultures have eating habits that developed over thousands of years. In Europe, parts of Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain, and southern France adhere to principles of the Mediterranean diet, as do Morocco and Tunisia in North Africa. Parts of the Balkan region and Turkey follow the diet, as well as Middle Eastern countries like Lebanon and Syria. The Mediterranean region is warm and sunny, and produces large supplies of fresh fruits and vegetables almost year round that people eat many times per day. Wine, bread, olive oil, nuts, and legumes are other staples of the region, and the Mediterranean Sea has historically yielded abundant quantities of fish. International interest in the therapeutic qualities of the Mediterranean diet began back in the late 1950s, when medical researchers started to link the occurrence of heart disease with diet. A Dr. Ancel Keys performed an epidemiological analysis of diets around the world (epidemiology being the branch of public health that studies patterns of diseases and their potential causes among populations). B Entitled the Seven Countries Study, it is considered as one of the greatest studies of its kind ever performed. C In it, Keys gathered data on heart disease and its potential causes from nearly 13,000 men in Greece, Italy, Croatia, Serbia, Japan, Finland, the Netherlands, and the United States. D It concluded that the Mediterranean people in the study enjoyed some significant health advantages. The Mediterranean groups had lower mortality rates in all age brackets and from all causes, particularly from heart disease. The study also showed that the Mediterranean diet is as high or higher in fat than other diets, obtaining up to 40 percent of all its calories from fat. It has, however, different patterns of fat intake. Mediterranean cooking uses smaller amounts of saturated fat and higher amounts of unsaturated fat, mostly in the form. of olive oil. Saturated fats are fats that are found principally in meat and dairy products, although avocados, some nuts, and some vegetable oils also contain them. Saturated fats are used by the body to make cholesterol, and high levels of cholesterol have since been directly related to heart disease. Several other studies have validated Keys findings regarding the good health to people in Mediterranean countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) showed in a 1990 analysis that four major Mediterranean countries (Spain, Greece, France, and Italy) have longer life expectancies and lower rates of heart disease and cancer than other European countries and America. The data are significant because the same Mediterraneans frequently smoke and dont have regular exercise programs like many Americans, which means that other variables may be responsible. Scientists have also ruled out genetic differences, because Mediterraneans who move to other countries tend to lose their health advantages. These findings suggest that diet and lifestyle. are major factors. The Mediterranean diet gained even more notice when Dr. Walter Willett, head of the nutrition department at Harvard University, began to recommend it. Although low-fat diets were recommended for sufferers of heart disease, group of Mediterraneans in his studies had very high intakes of fat, mainly from olive oil. Willett and others proposed that the risk of heart disease can be reduced by increasing one type of dietary fat--monounsaturated fat--the type found in olive oil. Willetts proposal went against conventional nutritional recommendations to reduce all fat in the diet. It has been shown that unsaturated fats raise the level of HDL cholesterol, which is sometimes called "good cholesterol" because of its protective effect against heart disease. Willett has also performed studies correlating the intake of meat with heart disease and cancer.

The word noted in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

A．famous.

B．noticeable.

C．notable.

D．intelligent.

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第6题

Mediterranean DietThe Mediterranean diet is based upon the eating patterns of traditional

Mediterranean Diet

The Mediterranean diet is based upon the eating patterns of traditional cultures in the Mediterranean region. Several noted nutritionists and research projects have concluded that this diet is one of the most healthful in the world in terms of preventing such illnesses as heart disease and cancer, and increasing life expectancy.

The countries that have inspired the Mediterranean diet all surround the Mediterranean Sea. These cultures have eating habits that developed over thousands of years. In Europe, parts of Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain, and southern France adhere to principles of the Mediterranean diet, as do Morocco and Tunisia in North Africa. Parts of the Balkan region and Turkey follow the diet, as well as Middle Eastern countries like Lebanon and Syria. The Mediterranean region is warm and sunny, and produces large supplies of fresh fruits and vegetables almost year round that people eat many times per day. Wine, bread, olive oil, nuts, and legumes are other staples of the region, and the Mediterranean Sea has historically yielded abundant quantities of fish.

International interest in the therapeutic qualities of the Mediterranean diet began back in the late 1950s, when medical researchers started to link the occurrence of heart disease with diet. A Dr. Ancel Keys performed an epidemiological analysis of diets around the world (epidemiology being the branch of public health that studies patterns of diseases and their potential causes among populations). B Entitled the Seven Countries Study, it is considered as one of the greatest studies of its kind ever performed. C In it, Keys gathered data on heart disease and its potential causes from nearly 13,000 men in Greece, Italy, Croatia, Serbia, Japan, Finland, the Netherlands, and the United States. D It concluded that the Mediterranean people in the study enjoyed some significant health advantages. The Mediterranean groups had lower mortality rates in all age brackets and from all causes, particularly from heart disease. The study also showed that the Mediterranean diet is as high or higher in fat than other diets, obtaining up to 40 percent of all its calories from fat. It has, however, different patterns of fat intake. Mediterranean cooking uses smaller amounts of saturated fat and higher amounts of unsaturated fat, mostly in the form. of olive oil. Saturated fats are fats that are found principally in meat and dairy products, although avocados, some nuts, and some vegetable oils also contain them. Saturated fats are used by the body to make cholesterol, and high levels of cholesterol have since been directly related to heart disease.

Several other studies have validated Keys' findings regarding the good health to people in Mediterranean countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) showed in a 1990 analysis that four major Mediterranean countries (Spain, Greece, France, and Italy) have longer life expectancies and lower rates of heart disease and cancer than other European countries and America. The data are significant because the same Mediterraneans frequently smoke and don't have regular exercise programs like many Americans, which means that other variables may be responsible. Scientists have also ruled out genetic differences, because Mediterraneans who move to other countries tend to lose their health advantages. These findings suggest that diet and lifestyle. are major factors.

The Mediterranean diet gained even more notice when Dr. Walter Willett, head of the nutrition department at Harvard University, began to recommend it. Although low-fat diets were recommended for sufferers of heart disease, group of Mediterraneans in his studies had very high intakes of fat, mainly from olive oil. Willett and others proposed that the risk of heart disease can be reduced by increasing one type of dietary fat--monounsaturated fat--the type found in olive oil. Willett's proposal

A．famous.

B．noticeable.

C．notable.

D．intelligent.

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第7题

根据下列文章,请回答 31～35 题。 Global Cancer Rates to Rise by 50%by 2020 The number o

根据下列文章,请回答 31～35 题。

Global Cancer Rates to Rise by 50%by 2020

The number of newcancer cases worldwide is expected to；increase by 50%by the year 2020．But a new report suggests that asmany as a third of new cancers could be avoided by adopting healthier lifestyles and through public healthaction．

The World CancerReport，released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, shows that cancer has now emerged asa major public health threat in；developing countries as well as rich ones．Overall．cancerwas responsible for 12%Of all deaths il3 2000．But in many countries more than aquarter of all deaths are caused by cancer．

The reportshows that l o million new cancers were diagnosed globally in 2000，and that numberis expected to rise t0 1 5 million by 2020．Researchers say most of thatincrease will mainly be due to steadily aging populations in both developed and,developing countries and current trends in smoking and other unhealthy habits．

”Cancer has emerged as a major public healthproblem in developing countries for the first time，matching its effect inindustrialized(工业化的)countries，”said researcher Paul Kleihues，MD．director of IARC，ina news release．”once considered a ”western, disease，the Report highlights thatmore than 50 percent of the world’s cancer burden．in” terms of both numbers ofcases and deaths．already Occurs in developing countries．” The risk of beingdiagnosed with cancer in developed countries is double that in less-developedones．However, the risk of dying from cancer is much bigger in developed countries，where80%of cancer patients already have late—stage incurable tumors(肿瘤)at the timeof diagnosis．

Researchers say Cancer rates have traditionallybeen higher in developed countries due to greater exposure to tobacc0，occupationalcarcinogens(致癌物)，and an unhealthy Western diet and lifestyle．As less—developedcountries become industrialized and more prosperous。they tend to adopt thehigh—fat diet and low physical activity levels typically seen In the West，whichincrease cancer rates．

第 31 题 The report says that steps could be taken toreduce about

A．50%of new cancers．

B．33%of new cancers．

C．12%of new cancers．

D．80%of new cancers．

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第8题

What indicates the economic effect on American housing？[Clink on 2 answers. ]A．Inflation h

What indicates the economic effect on American housing？[Clink on 2 answers. ]

A．Inflation has increased the cost of housing.

B．People earn less and less than before.

C．There is a serious shortage of energy.

D．Interest rates have become very high.

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第9题

PALO ALTO, California--" Switching off the television may help prevent children from getti

ng fatter--even if they do not change their diet or increase the amount they exercise," US researchers said last week.

A study of 192 third and fourth graders, generally aged eight and nine, found that children who cut the number of hours spent watching television gained nearly two pounds(0.91kg)less over a one-year period than those who did not change their television diet.

"The findings are important because they show that weight loss can only be the result of a reduction in television viewing and not any other activity," said Thomas Robinson, a pediatrician(儿科专家) at Stanford University.

"American children spend an average of more than four hours per day watching television and videos or playing video games, and rates of childhood being very fat have doubled over the past 20 years." Robinson said.

In the study, presented this week to the Pediatric Academic Societies annual meeting in San Francisco, the researchers persuaded about 100 of the students to reduce their television viewing by one-quarter to one-third.

Children watching fewer hours of television showed a significantly smaller increase in waist size and had less body fat than other students who continued their normal television viewing, even though neither group ate a special diet nor took part in any extra exercise.

"One explanation for the weight loss could be the children unstuck to the television may simply have been moving around more and burning off calories," Robinson said.

"Another reason might be due to eating fewer meals in front of the television. Some studies have suggested that eating in front of the TV encourages people to eat more," Robinson said.

The author tries to tell us in the first two paragraphs that ________.

A．children will get fatter if they eat too much

B．children will get thinner if they eat less

C．children will get fatter if they spend less time watching TV

D．children will get fatter if they spend more time watching TV

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第10题

Global Cancer Rates to Rise by 50％by 2020 The number of new cancer cases worldwide is exp

ected to increase by 50%but the year.

2020’ But a new report suggests that as many as a third of new cancers could be avoided by adopting healthier lifestyles and through public health action.

The World Cancer Report，released by the，International Agency for Research on Cancer, shows that cancer has now emerged as a major public health threat in developing countries as well as rich ones.

Overall.cancer was responsible for 12%of all deaths in 2000. But in many countries more than a quarter Of all deaths are caused by cancer.

The report shows that 10 million new cancers were diagnosed globally in 2000.and that number is expected to rise to 1 5 million by 2020.Researchers say most of that increase will mainly be due to steadily aging populations in both developed and developing countries and current trends in smoking and other unhealthy habits.

“Cancer has emerged as a major public health problem in developing countries for the first time，matching its effect in industrialized(工业化的)countries，”said researcher Paul Kleihues，MD.director of IARC。in a news release.“Once considered a‘Western’disease，the Report highlights that more than 50 percent of the world’s cancer burden.in terms of both numbers of cases and deaths.already Occurs in developing countries.”

The risk of being diagnosed with cancer in developed countries is double that in less-developed ones.However, the risk of dying from cancer is much higher in developing countries，where 80%of cancer patients already have late-stage incurable tumors(肿瘤)at the time of diagnosis. Researchers say cancer rates have traditionally been higher in developed countries due to greater exposure to tobacco，occupational carcinogens(致癌物)，and an unhealthy Western diet and lifestyle.As less—developed countries become industrialized and more prosperous，they tend to adopt the high？fat diet and low physical activity levels typically seen in the West，which increase cancer rates.

第11题：The report says that steps could be taken to reduce about

A．50% of new cancers．

B．33％ of new cancers．

C．12％ of new cancers．

D．80％ of new cancers．

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第11题

We’ve known for a long time a high—fat diet，obesity and lack of exercise can increase the

risk of developing heart disease and type 2 diabetes，two conditions affecting millions of Americans．What we are finding out now is those same lifestyle. factors also play an important role in cancer． That’s the bad news．The good news is you can do something about your lifestyle. If we grew thin ner，exercised regularly，avoided diets rich in red meat and ate diets rich in fruits and vegetables．and stopped using tobacco，we would prevent 70 percent of aU cancers． The strongest evidence of the importance of lifestyle. in cancer is most common cancers arise at dramatically different rates in different parts of the globe Several cancers that are extremelv common in the United States——colon，prostate and breast cancer---are relatively rare in other parts of theworld，occurring only 1／10th or 1／20th as often．Equally striking，when people migrate from other parts of the world to the United States，with in a generation their cancer rates approach those of US whose families have lived in this country for a long time Even if people in other parts of the world stay put，but adopt a U．S．1ifestyle，their risk of cancer rise；as Japanese have embraced Western habits，their rates of colon，breast and prostate cancer have skyrocketed What is it about our lifestyle. that raises the risk of many types of cancer？The main culpritsseem to be the Western diet，obesity and physical inactivity．While we’ve known about the importance of tobacco and cancer for more than 50 years，we are just beginning to understand how diet，ahealthy body weight and regular exercise can protect US against cancer． A striking example of the profound influence of diet was reported last summer in The Journal of the American Medical Association．Doctors determined the eating habits of patients with colon cancer in the years following surgical removal of the cancer．Over the next five years，those who ate a traditional Western diet had a threefold greater likelihood of developing a recurrence of the disease than did those who ate a“prudent”diet rich in fruits and vegetables and including only small amounts of red meat．How had diet affected these patients？The surgery clearly had not removed all their colon cancer cells：prior to the surgery，some cells had already spread from the primary tumor．The West erR diet had somehow stimulated the growth of these small deposits of residual cancer cells． Obesity is the second most important factor in causing cancer in Western populations after to bacco．There is evidence that maintaining a healthy weight is protective against the disease A studyby the American Cancer Society in 2003 found the heaviest people，in comparison with the leanest，had a significantly increased risk of death from 1 0 different kinds of cancer in men，and 12 different kinds in women．The most extreme examples were liver cancer in men and uterine cancer in women．

According to paragraph 2，which of the following statements is true？__________

A．Different rates of common cancers in different regions result from different lifestyles．

B．The rate of several extremely common cancers in the U．S．is higher by 1／1 0 or 1／20．

C．People who migrate to the United States have high cancer rates after a generation．

D．If people out of the western world stay at home，their risk of cancer won’t rise

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