All her attention is____on her children and she seems to have little time for anything else. |
[ ] |
A. guided B. aimed C. directed D. concentrated |
A、Six basic questions will help to elaborate and extend examples.
B、One extended example is not sufficient to support a claim.
C、A single extended example can support a claim.
D、An extended example cannot be personal experience.
A、3%
B、5%
C、8%
D、10%
One story of the discovery of the coffee plant relates to this effect of caffeine. According to the story, coffee was discovered in East Africa. The story says that coffee was first found by a goat farmer named Kaldi. This was about the year 850.
Kaldi was leading his animals through the mountains and the goats were stopping repeatedly to eat the plants near the path. Suddenly, some of the goats started jumping up and down in a very strange way.
Kaldi figured out that the goats were acting this way because of the plants they were eating. Kaldi himself tried eating some of the green beans that the goats had been eating. He, too, felt the stimulating effect of the beans.
Kaldi wanted to prove what had happened, so he picked some of the beans and took them back to his home village, where he told his story. The green bean got the name "Kaffa" and later "coffee" because the beans were discovered in a place called Kaffa in Africa.
Then for years, people used to eat a few of the green Kaffa beans when they were in the mountains and needed extra energy or stimulation. It was later found that the coffee beans could be picked and then dried until they turned brown, and then they could be stored. If the beans were dried and stored, they could be used at any time.
Caffeine is a kind of drug that can______.
A.strengthen one's heart
B.make one's bones strong
C.make one more active or alert
D.ease the pain on the body
•For each question (13-18), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.
Problems Potential Exporters Are Facing
Many firms fail to succeed, because when they begin exporting they have not researched the target markets or developed an international marketing plum. To be successful, a firm must clearly define its goals, objectives and potential problems. Secondly, it must develop a definitive plan to accomplish its objectives, regardless of the problems involved. Unless the firm is fortunate enough to possess a staff with considerable expertise. It may not be able to take this crucial first step without qualified outside guidance.
Often top management is not committed enough to overcome the initial difficulties and financial requirements of exporting. It can often take more time and effort to establish a firm in a foreign market than in the domestic one. Although the early delays and costs involved in exporting may seem difficult to justify when compared to established domestic trade, the exporter should take a more objective view of this process and carefully monitor international marketing efforts through these early difficulties. If a good foundation is laid for export business, the benefits derived should eventually outweigh the investment.
Another problem area is in the selection of the foreign distributor. The complications involved in overseas communications and transportation require international distributors to act with greater independence than their domestic counterparts. Also, since a new exporter's trademarks and reputation are usually unknown in the foreign market, foreign customers may buy on the strength of the distributing agent's reputation. A firm should therefore conduct a thorough evaluation of the distributor's facilities, the personnel handling its account, and the management methods employed.
Another common difficulty for the new exporter is the neglect of the export market once the domestic one booms, too many companies only concentrate on exporting when there is a recession. Others may refuse to modify products to meet the regulations or cultural preferences of other countries. Local safety regulations cannot be ignored by exporters. If necessary modifications are not made at the factory, the distributor must make them, usually at a greater cost and probably not as satisfactorily. It should also be noted that the resulting smaller profit margin makes the account less attractive.
If exporters expect distributing agents to actively promote their accounts, they must be trained, and their performance continually monitored. This requires a company marketing executive to be located permanently in the distributor's geographical region. It is therefore advisable for new exporters to concentrate their efforts in a few geographical areas until there is sufficient business to support a company representative. The distributor should also be treated on an equal basis with domestic counterparts. For example, special discount offers, sales incentive programmes and special credit terms should be available.
Considering a joint-venture or licensing agreement is another option for new exporters. However, many companies still dismiss international marketing as unviable. There are a number of reasons for this. There may be import restrictions in the target market, the company may lack sufficient financial resources, or its product line may be too limited. Yet, many products that can compete on a national basis can be successful in the majority of world markets. In general, all that is needed for success is flexibility in using the proper combinations of marketing techniques.
In the first paragraph, the writer su
A.get professional advice.
B.study international marketing.
C.identify the most profitable markets.
D.have different objectives to other exporters.
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