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提问人：网友hhii82 发布时间：2022-01-06
[主观题]

One fact was clearly demonstrated by the early sleep researchers: one part of the night is

not just like another. As scientists began to compare the records of volunteers during the 1950s, they observed that human sleep follows a rhythmic schedule. They noted that not only was this schedule much the same in healthy persons of the same age with similar habits but, from night to night, each individual had an EEG record almost as consistent as a signature.

Sleep and wakefulness, once considered to be the light and dark of consciousness, no longer seem to differ so sharply. To sleep does not mean to drown in an ocean of darkness. Actually, sleep is not a unitary state; it involves many shades or degree of detachment from the surrounding world. While sleep may feel like a blanket of darkness punctuated by dreams—a time when the mind is asleep—nothing could be less true. All night long a person drifts down and up through different levels of consciousness, as if on waves. With laboratory methods, researchers have been able to chart the typical stages of the journey into sleep.

The journey starts while the subject is still awake but beginning to relax. His brain waves, which have been low, rapid, and irregular, begin to show a new pattern. This new pattern, which is known as alpha rhythm, is an even electrical pulsation of about nine to 12 cycles per second. Most people do not know what the alpha state feels like, but during the last few years researchers have been able to teach subjects how to recognize and control their alpha rhythm.

When their EEG shows an alpha rhythm, the subjects are notified, either by a sound or by the appearance of a color on a screen. Because the alpha state tends to be pleasant and relaxed, the ability to sustain it can help tense people ease their passage into sleep. A moment of tension, a loud noise, an attempt to solve a problem, however, and the alpha rhythm may vanish.

As the subject passes through the gates of the unconsciousness, his alpha waves grow smaller, and his eyes roll very slowly. For a moment, he may wake up during this early part of the descent, alerted by a sudden spasm that causes his body to jerk. Like the brain waves, this spasm is a sign of neural changes within. Known as the myoclonic jerk, it is caused by a brief burst of activity in the brain. Although it is related to epileptic seizures, the myoclonic jerk is normal in all human sleep. It is gone in a fraction of a second, after which descent continues. The subject has not felt the peculiar transformation, but now he is said to be truly asleep.

This passage states that a person is really asleep only

A．after dreaming has passed.

B．when his EEG reveals no alpha rhythm.

C．when his EEG begins to show an alpha rhythm.

D．after the completion of his alpha rhythm decline.

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更多“One fact was clearly demonstrated by the early sleep researchers: one part of the night is”相关的问题
第1题
段落翻译： I clearly remember a period during which...

段落翻译： I clearly remember a period during which I felt like a failure. But what I eventually learned was that failing at one thing is not failing at all things. And, in fact, failure is a necessary part of growth. Life is filled with trial and error. In order to walk the path to success, you need to make some wrong turns along the way. What I learned, to use John C. Maxwell’s terminology, was to “fail forward”, to use each mistake to make myself better. One of the greatest problems people have with failure is that they are too quick to judge isolated situations in their lives and label them as failures. Instead, they need to keep the bigger picture in mind. A successful baseball player doesn’t look at an out that he makes and think of failure. He sees it within the context of the bigger picture. His perspective leads to perseverance. His perseverance brings longevity. And his longevity gives him opportunities for success.

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第2题
英译中 Both language and culture are learned by children without special organized pro
grams of instruction, but motivation to learn is very high since language is the most effective means for a child to obtain what he or she wants. If the learning of a new language begins before lower adolescence, one is likely to be able to speak such a language with complete naturalness, but if learned after upper adolescence some hangover of a mother-tongue feature is very likely to persist. But not only do languages exhibit such learning patterns, but so do cultural traits, for example, shaking hands, kissing, and embracing.

Although many persons assume that languages exist in dictionaries and grammars, in fact they only exist in people's heads. But this is equally true of cultural traits, which indicate clearly a they only exist in people's heads. But this is equally true of cultural traits, which indicate clearly a person's value system when crucial decisions need to be made before there is any time to think about alternatives, for example, diving into a flooding stream to rescue a drowning child.

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第3题
Since World War II, there has been a clearly discernible trend, especially among the growi
ng group of college students, toward early marriage. Many youths begin dating in the first stages of adolescence," go steady" through high school, and marry before their formal education has been completed. In some quarters, there is much shaking of graying locks and clucking of middle-aged tongues over the ways of "wayward youth". However, emotional maturity is no respecter of birthdays; it does not arrive automatically at twenty-one or twenty five. Some achieve it surprisingly early, while others never do, even in three-score years and ten.

Many students are marrying as an escape, not only from an unsatisfying home life, but also from their own personal problems of isolation and loneliness. And it can almost be put down as a dictum that any marriage entered into as an escape cannot prove entirely successful. The sad fact is that marriage seldom solves one's problems; more often, it merely accentuates them. Furthermore, it is doubtful whether the home as an institution is capable of carrying all that the young are seeking to put into it; one might say in theological terms, that they are forsaking one idol only to worship another. Young people correctly understand that their parents are wrong in believing that" success" is the ultimate good, but they erroneously believe that they themselves have found the true center of life's meaning. Their expectations of marriage are essentially utopian and therefore incapable of fulfillment. They want too much, and tragic disillusionment is often bound to follow.

Shall we, then join, the chorus of" Miseries" over early marriages？ One cannot generalize: all early marriages are not bad any more that all later ones are good. Satisfactory marriages are determined not by chronology, but by the emotional maturity of the partners. Therefore, each case must be judged on its own merits. If the early marriage is not an escape, if it is entered into with relatively few illusions or false expectations, and if it is economically feasible, why not？ Good marriages can be made from sixteen to sixty, and so can bad ones.

According to this passage, the trend toward early marriages ______.

A．can be clearly seen

B．is the result of the Great Depression of the 30's

C．can't be easily determined

D．is an outgrowth of the moral looseness brought about by World War Ⅱ

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第4题
I came to Africa with one purpose: I wanted to see the world outside the perspective of
European egocentricity. I could have chosen Asia or South America. I ended up in Africa because the plane ticket there was cheapest. I came and I stayed. For nearly 25 years I have lived off and on Mozambique. Time has passed, and Im no longer young; in【M1】______ fact, Im approaching to old age. But my motive for living this【M2】______ straddled existence, with one foot in African sand and the another【M3】______ in European snow, in the melancholy region of Norrland in Sweden that I grew up, has to do with wanting to see clearly, to【M4】______ understand. The simplest way to explain what Ive learned from my life in Africa is through a parable about why human beings have two ears and only one tongue. Why is this？ Probably so that we have to【M5】______ listen twice as much as we speak. In Africa listening is a guided principle. Its a principle that【M6】______ has lost in the constant chatter of the Western world, where no one【M7】______ seems to have the time or even the desire to listen to anyone else. From my own experience, Ive noticed how much faster I have to answer a question during a TV interview than what I did 10,【M8】______ maybe even 5, years ago. Its as if we have complete lost the【M9】______ ability to listen. We talk and talk, and we end up frightening by【M10】______ silence, the refuge of those who are at a loss for an answer.

【M1】

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第5题
It is very difficult to prove today that a painting done two or three hundred years ago, e
specially one without a signature or with a questionably authentic signature, is indubitably the work of this or that particular artist. This fact gives the traditional attribution of a disputed painting special weight, since that attribution carries the presumption of historical continuity. Consequently, an art historian arguing for a deattribution will generally convince other art historians only if he or she can persuasively argue for a specific reattribution. Which one of the following, if true, most strongly supports the position that the traditional attribution of a disputed painting should not have special weight？

A．Art dealers have always been led by economic self-interest to attribute any unsigned paintings of merit to recognized masters rather than to obscure artists.

B．When a painting is originally created, there are invariably at least some eyewitnesses who see the artist at work, and thus questions of correct attribution cannot arise at that time.

C．There are not always clearly discernible differences between the occasional inferior work produced by a master and the very best work produced by a lesser talent.

D．Attribution can shape perception inasmuch as certain features that would count as marks of greatness in a master"s work would be counted as signs of inferior artistry if a work were attributed to a minor artist.

E．Even though some masters had specialists assist them with certain detail work, such as depicting lace, the resulting works are properly attributed to the masters alone.

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第6题
Since World War II, there has been a clearly discernible trend, especially among the growi
ng group of college students, toward early marriage. Many youths begin dating in the first stages of adolescence, "go steady" through high school, and marry before their formal education has been completed. In some quarters, there is much shaking of graying locks and clucking of middle-aged tongues over the ways of "wayward youth". However, emotional maturity is no respecter of birthdays; it does not arrive automatically at twenty-one or twenty five. Some achieve it surprisingly early, while others never do, even in three-score years and ten.

Many students are marrying as an escape, not only from an unsatisfying home life, but also from their own personal problems of isolation and loneliness. And it can almost be put down as a dictum that any marriage entered into as an escape cannot prove entirely successful. The sad fact is that marriage seldom solves one' s problems; more often, it merely accentuates them. Furthermore, it is doubtful whether the home as an institution is capable of carrying all that the young are seeking to put into it; one might say in theological terms, that they are forsaking one idol only to worship another. Young people correctly understand that their parents are wrong in believing that "success" is the ultimate good, but they erroneously believe that they themselves have found the true center of life' s meaning. Their expectations of marriage are essentially utopian and therefore incapable of fulfillment. They want too much, and tragic disillusionment is often bound to follow.

Shall we, then join, the chorus of "Miseries" over early marriages？ One cannot generalize: all early marriages are not bad any more that all later ones are good. Satisfactory marriages are determined not by chronology, but by the emotional maturity of the partners. Therefore, each case must be judged on its own merits. If the early marriage is not an escape, if it is entered into with relatively few illusions or false expectations, and if it is economically feasible, why not？ Good marriages can be made from sixteen to sixty, and so can bad ones.

According to this passage, the trend toward early marriages______.

A．can be clearly seen

B．is the result of the Great Depression of the 30' s

C．can' t be easily determined

D．is an outgrowth of the moral looseness brought about by World War II

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第7题
Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined s

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.

Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. 48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.

Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.

49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.

In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of European Investment Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unity we stand, divided we fall” -- and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.

46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe.

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第8题
Passage Two What is your favorite color？ Do you like yellow, orange or red？ If you do, y

Passage Two

What is your favorite color？ Do you like yellow, orange or red？ If you do, you must be an optimist (乐观者), a leader, an active person. Do you prefer grays and blues？ Then you are probably quiet, shy and you would rather follow than lead. If you love green, you are strong-minded and determined. At least this is what psychologists (心理学家) tell us. They have been seriously studying the meaning of color preference (爱好), and the effect that colors have on human beings. They tell us that we don't choose our favorite color as we grow up. If you happen to love brown, you did so as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.

A yellow room makes us feel more cheerful and more comfortable than a dark green one. On the other hand, black is depressing. Light and bright colors make people not only happier but more active. It is a fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or dark gray.

Remember that you will know your friends and your enemies better when you find out what colors they like and dislike. And don't forget that anyone can guess a lot about your character when you choose a piece of handkerchief.

36. According to this passage,______.

A. one can choose his color preference

B. one is born with his color preference

C. one's color preference is changeable

D. one has to choose his favorite color as soon as he can see clearly

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第9题
听力原文： Some of the most practical lessons coming out of research in psychology are in t
he area of memory. People ask, why can't I remember that term from the physics chapter or that the library books are due？

Many people, memory may be weak, because they don't use it enough. It's like a muscle. If you don't exercise it, it won't get strong. That's why it's important to keep our mind active, to keep on learning throughout our life. We can do this by reading, playing memory games and seeking out new experiences. It's my guess, though, that the lack of stimulation isn't a problem for students like you. More likely, the lives you live are so busy and stimulating that this in itself may sometimes interfere with learning. Later on I will discuss how information is recalled from memory. But, first, the information needs to be recorded, in other words, learned. And for busy people like you and me, that is where the real problem often lies. If we are distracted, or we are trying to think what we are going to do next, the incoming message just might not be getting recorded effectively. And that leads to the first tip for students' who want to improve their memories. Give your full attention to the information you hope to retain. Research clearly shows the advantages of this, and also of active learning, of consciously trying to visualize a new fact, perhaps to make a mental picture, even a wild ridiculous one, so the new fact will stick in our memory. Let me illustrate that for you here a little more concretely this evening.

(30)

A．Factors that affect the ability to memorize.

B．The influence of childhood memories oil adulthood.

C．A proposal for future psychological research.

D．Benefits of a busy lifestyle.

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第10题
An Observation and an ExplanationIt is worth looking at one or two aspects of the way a mo

An Observation and an Explanation

It is worth looking at one or two aspects of the way a mother behaves towards her baby. The usual fondling, cuddling and cleaning require little comment, but the position in which she holds the baby against her body when resting is rather revealing. Careful studies have shown the fact that 80 percent of mothers hold their infants in their left arms, holding them against the left side of their bodies. If asked to explain the significance of this preference most people reply that it is obviously the result of the predominance of right-handedness in the population. By holding the babies in their left arms, the mothers keep their dominant arm free for manipulations. But a detailed analysis shows that this is not the case. True, there is a slight difference between right-handed and left-handed females; but not enough to provide adequate explanation. It emerges that 83 percent of right-handed mothers hold the baby on the left side, but so do 78 percent of left-handed mothers. In other words, only 22 percent of the left-handed mothers have their dominant hands free for actions. Clearly there must be some other, less obvious explanation.

The only other clue comes from the fact that the heart is on the side of the mother's body. Could it be that the sound of her heartbeat is the vital factor？ And in what way？ Thinking along these lines it was argued that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother the unborn baby get used to the sound of the heart beat. If this is so, then the re-discovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a claiming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been born into a strange and frighteningly new world. If this is so then the mother would, somehow, soon arrive at the discovery that her baby is more at peace if held on the left against her heart than on the right.

16. We can learn a lot by observing the position in which a mother holds her baby against her body.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

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