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提问人：网友zyyzhb520 发布时间：2022-01-07

[主观题]

All known techniques for handling complex problems successfully seem to fall into one of t

he three classes: subdividing the problem(51), ignoring irrelevant detail in a safe way(52), and having an independent agent(53)the internal consistency(contextual checking). The first two provide guidelines for solving the problem, the third serves to provide early warnings. A good programming language supports all three.In subdividing problem, some of the subproblems may be similar to the(54) problem. It leads us to a(55)solution. This(55)solution is viable provided each of the subproblems is easier to solve than the original problem.

A．abrogation

B．abstraction

C．composition

D．contraction

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更多“All known techniques for handling complex problems successfully seem to fall into one of t”相关的问题

第1题

选出应填入下面一段英语中______内的正确答案。 All known techniques for handling complex problems succ

选出应填入下面一段英语中______内的正确答案。

All known techniques for handling complex problems successfully seem to fall into one of the three classes: subdividing the problem(1), ignoring irrelevant detailin a safe way(2), and having an independent agent(3)the internal consistency (contextual checking) The first two provide guidelines for solving the problem, the third serves to provide early warnings. A good programming language supports all three.

In subdividing problem, some of the subproblems may be similar to the(4)problem. It leads us to a(5)solution. This(5)solution is viable provided each of the subproblems is easier to solve than the original problem.

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第2题

27The "rolling wave" or "moving window" concept is used most frequently on projects where:

27 The "rolling wave" or "moving window" concept is used most frequently on projects where:

A. The baseline is frozen for the duration of the project and no scope changes are permitted

B. Marketing is unsure of what the customer actually wants and reserves the right to make major scope changes

C. The low levels of the work breakdown structure are known with certainty for the next three to six months, but the remaining tasks are based upon the results of the first three to six months of work D. Networking techniques are not appropriate

E. All of the above

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第3题

109The "rolling wave" or "moving window" concept is used most frequently on projects where

109 The "rolling wave" or "moving window" concept is used most frequently on projects where:

A. The baseline is frozen for the duration of the project and no scope changes are permitted

B. Marketing is unsure of what the customer actually wants and reserves the right to make major scope changes

E. All of the above

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第4题

A A company does not function in a vacuum, but rather as part of a society. That society c

onsists of the people who work for it, the people and companies that do business with it, the public at large, and the government that regulates and taxes it, these groups are known as a companys "publics". In order for a company to deal with these publics effectively, a relationship of trust must exist. Employees will not cooperate with or put forth their best efforts for a company that they do not trust or that they feel is taking advantage of them. The public will not buy products or services from a company that, in their view, is not responsible or trustworthy.

B The government, as the protector of the society it governs、is especially cautious in dealing with a company that it regards as not operating in the public interest. Given these circumstances, every business, whether it is a giant corporation or a small factory, a five-star hotel or a roadside tavern, needs to give some thought to the relationship it has with all the various publics it interacts with, and the techniques that a company uses to imp rove these relationships are known as "public relations", also called PR.

C A classic example of public relations at work is McDonalds. It has always been important to McDonalds to be known as a company that values cleanliness, Indeed, the founder Ray Kroc emphasised cleanliness along with quality, service, and value as being the four most important things in any McDonalds operation. For that reason, Kroc instructed the first McDonalds franchisees to pick up all litter within a two-block radius of their stores, whether it was McDonalds litter or not.

D McDonalds has always been socially responsible and extremely concerned about its image. These two facts are part and parcel of its public relationships. To McDonalds, public relations activities go much deeper than simply sending out press releases and having corporate officers serve on various charitable boards. The company understands that real public relations means taking significant action first, then announcing them to the public. Without the first step, the second would be meaningless.

All businesses are involved in public relations.

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第5题

Different management accounting techniques can be used to account for environmental costs.

One of these techniques involves analysing costs under three distinct categories: material, system, and delivery and disposal.

What is this technique known as？

A.Activity-based costing

B.Life-cycle costing

C.Input-output analysis

D.Flow cost accounting

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第6题

You may have wondered why the supermarkets are all the same. It is not because the compani

es that operate them lack imagination. It is because they all aim at persuading people to buy things.

In the supermarket, it takes a while for the mind to get into a shopping mode. This is why the area immediately inside the entrance is known as the "decompression zone". People need to slow down and look around, even if they are regulars. In sales terms this area is bit of a loss, so it tends to be used more for promotion.

Immediately inside the first thing shoppers may come to is the fresh fruit and vegetables section. For shoppers, this makes no sense. Fruit and vegetables can be easily damaged, so they should be bought at the end, not the beginning, of a shopping trip. But what is at work here？ It turns out that selecting good fresh food is a way to start shopping, and it makes people feel less guilty about reaching for the unhealthy stuff later on.

Shoppers already know that everyday items, like milk, are invariably placed towards the back of a store to provide more opportunities to tempt customers. But supermarkets know shoppers know this, so they use other tricks, like placing popular items halfway along a section so that people have to walk all along the aisle looking for them. The idea is to boost "dwell time": the length of time people spend in a store.

Traditionally retailers measure "football", as the number of people entering a store is known, but those numbers say nothing about where people go and how long they spend there. But nowadays, a piece of technology can fill the gap: the mobile phone. Path Intelligence, a British company tracked people's phones at Gunwharf Quays, a large retailer centre in Portsmouth — not by monitoring calls, but by plotting the positions of handsets as they transmit automatically to cellular networks. It found that when dwell time rose 1$ sales rose 1.3%.

Such techniques are increasingly popular because of a deepening understanding about how shoppers make choices. People tell market researchers that they make rational decisions about what to buy, considering things like price, selection or convenience. But subconscious forces, involving emotion and memories, are clearly also at work.

In Paragraph 2, "decompression zone" is the area meant to______.

A．prepare shoppers for the mood of buying

B．offer shoppers a place to have a rest

C．encourage shoppers to try new products

D．provide shoppers with discount information

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第7题

You may have wondered why the supermarkets are all the same. It is not because the compani

es that operate them lack imagination. It is because they all aim at persuading people to buy things.

In Paragraph 2, "decompression zone" is the area meant to______.

A．prepare shoppers for the mood of buying

B．offer shoppers a place to have a rest

C．encourage shoppers to try new products

D．provide shoppers with discount information

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第8题

If you go down to the woods today, you may meet high-tech trees genetically modified to sp

eed their growthor improve the quality of their wood. Genetically-engineered food crops have become increasingly common, albeit controversial. over the past ten years. But genetic engineering of trees has lagged behind.

Part of the reason is technical. Understanding. and then altering, the genes of a big pine tree are more complex than creating a better tomato. While tomatoes sprout happily, and rapidly, in the laboratory, growing a whole tree from a single, genetically altered cell in a test tube is a tricky process that takes years, not months. Moreover. little is known about tree genes. Some trees, such as pine trees. have a lot of DNA-roughly ten times as much as human. And, whereas the Human Genome Project is more than half-way throughits task of isolating and sequencing the estimated 100,00 genes in human cells. similar efforts to analyzetree genes are still just saplings (幼苗).

Given the large number of tree genes and the little that is known about them, tree engineers are starting with a search for genetic "markers". The first step is to isolate DNA from trees with desirable propertiessuch as insect resistance. The next step is to find stretches of DNA that show the presence of a particular gene. Then, when you mate two trees with different desirable properties, it is simple to check which offspring contain them all by looking for the genetic markers. Henry Amerson, at North Carolina State University, is using genetic markers to breed fungal resistance into southern pines. Billions of these are grown across America for pulp and paper, and outbreaks of disease are expensive. But not all individual trees are susceptible. Dr. Amerson’s group has found markers that distinguish fungus-resistant stock from disease-prone trees.Using traditional breeding techniques, they are introducing the resistance genes into pines on test sites in America.

Using generic markers speeds up old-fashioned breeding methods becauseyou no longer have to wait for the tree to grow up to see if it has the desiredtraits. But it is more a sophisticated form. of selective breeding. Now. however.interest in genetic tinkering (基因修补) is also gaining ground. To this end, Dr.Amerson and his colleagues are taking part in the Pine Gene Discovery Project. an initiative to identify and sequence the 50,000-odd genes in the pine tree&39;s genome. Knowing which gene does what should make it easier to know what to alter.

测试题

Compared with genetic engineering of food crops, genetic engineering of trees____________________.

A.began much later

B.has developed more slowly

C.is less useful

D.was less controversial

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第9题

What could possibly account for the amazing success of Coca-Cola？ How has this combination

of carbonated water(苏打水), sugar, acid and flavorings come to symbolize the American way of life for most of the world？ After all, even the manufacturers could hardly describe Coke as a healthy product since it contains relatively high amounts of sugar (admittedly not the case with Diet Coke which contains artificial sweeteners instead of sugar) and phosphoric acid(磷酸), both of which are known to damage teeth.

One explanation may be found in the name. The original recipe(配方)included a flavoring from the coca plant and probably included small amounts of cocaine (an addictive (使人上瘾的) substance), but since the early part of this century all traces of cocaine have been removed. However, Coke (like all cola drinks) also includes a flavoring from the cola tree; cola extract(提炼物) contains caffeine, which is a stimulant, and the Coca-Cola company adds extra caffeine in addition. While caffeine is not thought to be an addictive substance in itself, there is considerable evidence that over a period of time the consumption of caffeine has to be increased in order for its stimulating effect to be maintained, and so sales of Coke perhaps benefit as a result.

A more likely reason for the enduring popularity of Coke may, however, be found in the company's enviable marketing(营销) strategies. Over the years it has come up with some of the most memorable commercials (商业广告), tunes, slogans and sponsorship in the world of advertising, variously emphasizing international harmony, youthfulness and a carefree(轻松愉快的) lifestyle. Few other companies have been able to match such marketing techniques so consistently or effectively. As suggested earlier, the influences of American culture are evident just about everywhere, and Coca-Cola has somehow come to represent a vision of the United States that much of the rest of the world dreams about and aspires to (热望). Perhaps drinking Coke brings people that little bit closer to the dream.

Coca-Cola is not a healthy product because______.

A．it is merely a combination of carbonated water, sugar, acid and flavourings

B．it may be harmful to teeth

C．it doesn't contain artificial sweeteners

D．it has some stimulating effect

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第10题

Various meditative techniques all requiresA．modes identical to religious services.B．restle

Various meditative techniques all requires

A．modes identical to religious services.

B．restless repetition of a certain prayer.

C．continuous movements of taiji.

D．a great deal of mental concentration.

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