The colony Virginia was named by______.

The colony Virginia was named after ______.

A．Queen Elizabeth

B．Queen Blood Marry

C．King Charles

D．King George

A、Plymouth Colony, Massachusetts

B、Jamestown, Virginia

C、Boston, Yarmouth

D、Norfolk, Lynn

A.Virginia

B.Massachusetts

C.New York

D.Georgia

3.The Tobacco Colonies Sixteenth-century England was a tumultuous place. Because they could make more money from selling wool than from selling food, many of the nation’s landowners were converting farmers’ fields into pastures for sheep. This led to a food shortage; at the same time, many agricultural workers lost their jobs. The 16th century was also the age of mercantilism, an extremely competitive economic philosophy that pushed European nations to acquire as many colonies as they could. As a result, for the most part, the English colonies in North America were business ventures. They provided an outlet for England’s surplus population and (in some cases) more religious freedom than England did, but their primary purpose was to make money for their sponsors. In 1606, King James I divided the Atlantic seaboard in two, giving the southern half to the London Company (later the Virginia Company) and the northern half to the Plymouth Company. The first English settlement in North America had actually been established some 20 years before, in 1587, when a group of colonists (91 men, 17 women and nine children) led by Sir Walter Raleigh settled on the island of Roanoke. Mysteriously, by 1590 the Roanoke colony had vanished entirely. Historians still do not know what became of its inhabitants. In 1606, just a few months after James I issued its charter, the London Company sent 144 men to Virginia on three ships: the Godspeed, the Discovery and the Susan Constant. They reached the Chesapeake Bay in the spring of 1607 and headed about 60 miles up the James River, where they built a settlement they called Jamestown. The Jamestown colonists had a rough time of it: They were so busy looking for gold and other exportable resources that they could barely feed themselves. It was not until 1616, when Virginia’s settlers learned how to grow tobacco, that it seemed the colony might survive. The first African slaves arrived in Virginia in 1619. In 1632, the English crown granted about 12 million acres of land at the top of the Chesapeake Bay to Cecilius Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore. This colony, named Maryland after the queen, was similar to Virginia in many ways. Its landowners produced tobacco on large plantations that depended on the labor of indentured servants and (later) African slaves. But unlike Virginia’s founders, Lord Baltimore was a Catholic, and he hoped that his colony would be a refuge for his persecuted coreligionists. Maryland became known for its policy of religious toleration for all. 5. Which of the following statement is Not True？

A、During the 16th century, people were thinking highly of business.

B、The food shortage of 16-century England was caused by converting to the sheep husbandry.

C、In 1606, King James I gave the southern half to the Plymouth Company.

D、Virginia was the first colony to receive slaves from Africa.

to undertake serious ventures in America. Gilbert, one of the more earnest seekers of the Northwest Passage, went to Newfoundland in 1578 and again in 1583 but failed to colonize the territory either time and lost his life on the re. mm voyage to England after the second attempt. Raleigh, in turn, was granted the right to settle in "Virginia" and to have control of the land within a radius of 200 leagues from any colonists to the new continent. The first landed on the island of Roanoke off the coast of what is now North Carolina and stayed less than a year; anything but enthusiastic about their new home, these first colonists returned to England with Sir Francis Drake in the summer of 1586. Undaunted, Raleigh solicited the financial aid of a group of wealthy Londoners and, in the following year, sent a second contingent of 150 people under the leadership of Governor John White. Raleigh had given explicit instructions that this colony was to be planted somewhere on the Chesapeake Bay, but Govemor White disregarded the order and landed at Roanoke. White went back to England for supplies; when he returned after much delay in 1590, the settlers had vanished. Not a single member of the famed "lost colony" was ever found, not even a tooth.

After a long war between England and Spain from 1588 to 1603, England renewed attempts to colonize North America. In 1606, two charters were granted—one to a group of Londoners, the other to merchants of Plymouth and other western port town. The London Company was given the right to settle the southern part of the English territory in America; the Plymouth Company was given jurisdiction over the northern part.

So two widely separated colonies were established in 1607: one at Sagadahoc, near the mouth of the Kennebec River, in Maine; the other in modern Virginia. Those who survived the winter in the northern colony gave up and went home, and the colony established at Jamestown won the hard-earned honor of being the first permanent English settlement in America.

Hard-earned indeed! When the London Company landed three tiny vessels at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay in 1607, 105 people disembarked to found the Jamestown Colony. Easily distracted by futile "get rich quick" schemes, they actually sent shiploads of mica and yellow ore back to England in 1607 and 1608. Before the news reached their ears that their treasure was worthless "fool's gold," disease, starvation, and misadventure had taken a heavy toll: 67 of the original 105 Jamestown settlers died in the first year.

The few remaining survivors (one of whom was convicted of cannibalism) were joined in 1609 by 800 new arrivals, sent over by the reorganized and renamed Virginia Company. By the following spring, frontier hardships had cut the number of settlers from 838 to 60. That summer, those who remained were round fleeing down river to return home to England by new settlers with fresh supplies, who encouraged them to reconsider. This was Virginia's "starving time”.

Inadequately supplied and untutored in the art of colonization, the earliest frontier pioneers routinely suffered and died. In 1623, a royal investigation of the Virginia experience was launched in the wake of an Indian attack that took the lives of 500 settlers. The investigation reported that of the 6,000 who had migrated to Virginia since 1607, 4,000 had died. The life expectancy of these hardy settlers upon arriving was two years.

The heavy human costs of first settlement were accompanied by substantial capital losses. Without exception, the earliest colonial ventures were unprofitable. Indeed, they were financial disasters. Neither the principal nor the interest on the Virginia Company's accumulated investment of more than ￡200,000 was ever repaid (approximately $20,000,000 in today's values). The investments in New England were l

A．they were attacked by the Indians.

B．they didn't have adequate supplies.

C．they had no passion for their new home at all.

D．they didn't receive enough financial aid.

SECTION B PASSAGES

Directions: In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

听力原文： Good evening, class. Well, tonight we'll begin our discussion of the colonial period of American history. During this period, people in North America lived in colonies under the authority of the King of England. (11/12) We'll look at the three kinds of American colonies before the American revolution: royal colonies, proprietary colonies, and corporate colonies.

The first type of American colony was a royal colony. A royal colony was directly under the control of the King of England. By the time of the Revolutionary War in 1775, eight of the colonies had become royal colonies. Georgia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia were all royal colonies, directly subject to the King of England.

The second type of American colony was a proprietary colony. (13)A proprietary colony was under the control of an individual, the proprietor. By 1775, only three of the colonies remained proprietary colonies: Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania.

And the last type of American colony was a corporate colony. These colonies were governed under a charter received from the King of England by a company's stockholders. Only two colonies, Connecticut and

Rhode Island, could be considered corporate colonies.

So, these were the three types of colonies: royal, proprietary, and corporate. As we discuss the colonies in detail, you'll see how the type of colony affected the governing of the colony. We'll study the 13 colonies in three groups, the Northern colonies, also known as the New England colonies, the Middle colonies, and the Southern colonies.

How is the information organized in the lecture？

A．By contrasting various periods in American history.

B．By classifying various types of colonies.

C．By describing developments leading to the American revolution.

D．By outlining steps in the development of royal colonies.

SECTION B PASSAGES

Directions: In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

听力原文： Good evening, class. Well, tonight we'll begin our discussion of the Colonial period of American history. During this period, people in North America lived in colonies under the authority of the King of England. We'll look at the three kinds of American colonies before the American revolution: royal colonies, proprietary colonies, and corporate colonies.

The first type of American colony was a royal colony. A royal colony was directly under the control of the King of England. By the time of the Revolutionary War in 1775, eight of the colonies had become royal colonies. Georgia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia were all royal colonies, directly subject to the King of England.

The second type of American colony was a proprietary colony. A proprietary colony was under the control of an individual, the proprietor. By 1775, only three of the colonies remained proprietary colonies: Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania.

And the last type of American colony was a corporate colony. These colonies were governed under a charter received from the King of England by a company's stockholders. Only two colonies, Connecticut and Rhode Island, could be considered corporate colonies.

So, these were the three types of colonies: royal, proprietary, and corporate. As we discuss the colonies in detail, you'll see how the type of colony affected the governing of the colony. We'll study the 13 colonies in three groups, the Northern colonies, also known as the New England colonies, the Middle colonies, and the Southern colonies.

How is the information organized in the lecture？

A．By contrasting various periods in American history.

B．By classifying various types of colonies.

C．By describing developments leading to the American revolution.

D．By outlining steps in the development of royal colonies.