题目内容
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The South Africans threw attacks on foreigners partly because
A．those foreigners had killed at least 40 local people.
B．those foreigners deployed army to deal with the mobs.
C．those foreigners deprived the locals of their job opportunities.
D．those foreigners had driven 30,000 locals from their homes.
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A、indigenous Australians
B、Americans
C、Europeans
D、South Africans
Africans have some reasons to be cheerful. The continent's economy has been doing fairly well with South Africa, the economic powerhouse, growing steadily over the past few years. Some of Africa's long-running conflicts, such as the war between the north and south in Sudan and the civil war in Congo, have ended. Africa even has its first elected female head of state, in Liberia.
Yet there is no shortage of downers too. Most of Africa remains dirt poor. Crises in places like Cote d'Ivoire, Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe are far from solved. And the democratic credentials of Ethiopia and Uganda, once the darlings of western donors, have taken a bad knock. AIDS killed over 2 million Africans in 2005, and will kill more this year.
So is it all just a case of irrational exuberance ？ Meril James of Gallup argues that there is, in fact, usually very little relation between the survey's optimism rankings and reality. Africans, this year led by Nigerians, are consistently the most upbeat, whether their lot gets better or not. On the other hand, Greece— hardly the worst place on earth—tops the gloom-and-doom chart, followed closely by Portugal and France.
Ms James speculates that religion may have a lot to do with it. Nine out of ten Africans are religious, the highest proportion in the world. But cynics argue that most Africans believe that 2006 will be golden because things have been so bad that it is hard to imagine how they could possibly get worse. This may help explain why places that have suffered recent misfortunes, such as Kosovo and Afghanistan, rank among the top five optimists. Moussaka for thought for those depressed Greeks.
The statistics are employed in the first paragraph so as to indicate sort of______.
A．disparity
B．numbness
C．conformity
D．stagnation
"Endemic and widespread poverty continues to disfigure the face of our country. It will always be impossible for us to say that we've fully restored the dignity of all our people as long as this situation persists. For this mason, the struggle to eradicate poverty has been and will continue to be a central part of the national effort to build a new South Africa."
Who enjoys the most popularity in the people of South Africa？
A．Nelson Mandela.
B．Robert Mugabe.
C．Thabo Mbeki.
D．The president.
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
Directions: In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
听力原文： American-led Western powers and South Africa struck a deal Thursday on how to bring the troubled territory Namibia to independence. The South Africans, while going ahead with their own elections there, will reopen negotiations for later elections supervised by the United Nations. South Africa stopped short of a firm commitment to U. N elections, however, and the Westerners rejected the legitimacy of the South African-planned voting. Moreover, South African Minister Peter W. Botha raised a potentially major side issue, saying his country will not withdraw its troops from the mine-rich territory until the 12-year-old war with black nationalist guerrillas ends.
What is the news mainly about？
A．Elections will be held in Namibia.
B．Western powers led by the U.S. made an agreement with South Africa on the issue of Namibia's independence.
C．The president of South Africa claimed that they would never withdraw their troops from the mines.
D．The election will be held this Thursday.
This increase in a year is the largest for the spread of the virus in Africa and possibly the world, and it seems certain that 12% or more of the population will be HIV positive by Christmas.
In the worst hit area, the HIV positive rate now tops 20%. It seems South Africa is moving rapidly towards the catastrophic 35% levels of infection in East Africa. This will be the first time that the virus will have become so widespread in a sophisticated, industrialized country.
Both the present and preceding governments should bear responsibility; each was aware of the crisis and did almost nothing. There is no public campaign to promote safe sex, for example. The apartheid regime was too conscious of religious sensitivities to organize an explicit anti-Aids campaign, and the African National Congress is far too nervous about traditional African attitudes to sex.
A survey of black women in Johannesburg revealed that 75% were willing to accept condoms if they could persuade their partners to use them, but that in practice only 2% had managed to do
so. Women are the chief victims with the highest HIV-positive rates among nurses and teachers.
Many African men have responded to the epidemic by choosing younger and younger partners. There is even a myth that sex with a young enough girl can cure an Aids-stricken male. Inevitably young women are the hardest hit, a phenomenon compounded by the high incidence of rape. More than 100 rapes are reported to the authorities every day, although this figure is believed to represent a minority of actual cases.
Despite the spread of the virus, the statistics manage to struggle on to only about page six of most South African newspapers because the crisis is still in "phoney war" stage —although there are more than 1.8 million HIV-positive South Africans, relatively few of them have developed Aids. Doctors say the virus seems to be taking longer to move through its cycle here, perhaps because South Africans with their higher standards of living, are healthier and therefore more resistant than people further north in Africa.
Without doubt, the present air of complacency will vanish as soon as high profile members of the elite begin to be affected and the implications for the economy sink in. Moreover, the spread of the virus may greatly damage the present racial reconciliation in South Africa, since Aids is now overwhelmingly a disease of blacks, and many whites are beginning to see almost every African as an Aids risk.
According to the passage, which of the following is not blamed as the factor that prevents anti- Aids campaign？
A．Over sensitive to religious belief.
B．Traditional African attitude to sex.
C．High standard of living.
D．The myth about having intercourse with a virgin.
Building Confidence
The two arms of Coega, South Africa's newest port, extend into the Indian Ocean gracefully. These are built from thousands of huge, oddly-shaped, 30-ton concrete blocks. They are designed to protect the ships that, when the port is fully operational in 2007, will use this facility to ship iron mineral and other South African products to India and the rest of the world.
The Call to Infrastructure Construction
"If you want to change lives and the history of this continent, you need to develop infrastructure(基础设施)," says Vuyelwa Qinga-Vika, spokeswoman for the CDC(Coega Development Corporation). "We're not going to advance if we don't even have the roads to bring medicine to the rural areas. We've got to start building."
The call to construction is ringing out across Africa. Infrastructure is the new buzzword(口号), pushed by leaders from South Africa's Thabo Mbeki to Senegal's Abdulaye Wade. It's also a key topic at this week's World Economic Forum(WEF) meeting in Cape Town, where political and business leaders from Africa will meet with heads of some of the world's biggest companies to discuss, among other things, how Africa's priority infrastructure projects can boost growth. According to a Gallup International survey commissioned by the WEF, Africans "focus more heavily on economic issues than do citizens in other parts of the world." One in three Africans fear a failure of the economy compared to just one in five globally.
Despite a commodity boom that pushed growth to 5% in Africa last year, the continent's leaders want better infrastructure to win more business. The New Partnership for Afiica's Development(NEPAD, an Mrican initiative that aims to attract $64 billion in annual investment by tackling bad governance, ending conflicts and making the continent more business-friendly, has put improved infrastructure near the top of its to-do list. "There can be no meaningful development without trade," reads NEPAD's infrastructure action plan. "And there can be no trade without adequate and reliable infrastructure."
The need is as obvious as it is urgent. Africa's roads and railway lines, ports and power network are neither adequate nor reliable. Outside of southern Africa and Mauritius, much of the continent's infrastructure is damaging or nonexistent. Consider the Democratic Republic of Congo. You could fit France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Spain and Britain inside it, and the country is packed with timber and minerals, yet it has only a few thousand kilometers of road and 10,000 fixed telephone lines, and produces about the same amount of power as Albania. In other war-torn countries, such as Somalia and Sierra Leone, public buildings have been destroyed by years of fighting. Corruption and mismanagement have left public utilities in places such as Cameroon and Nigeria ran down and inefficient.
Infrastructure Vs Investment
The lack of infrastructure blocks many companies from investing and drives up costs for those that do. The World Bank estimates that to ship a container from Baltimore in the U.S. to Tanzania costs about $1,000, but to transport that same container from Tanzania to neighboring Burundi cost $10,000. "In many countries, companies have to generate their own power, dig for water, pay heavy distribution and telephone charges," says David Hampshire, chairman of Diageo Africa, one of the continent's biggest marketers of beer and spirits. "All these costs add up, and they end up being paid for by the consumer."
To attract more investment, Africa has drawn up plans to spend billions over the next few decades. Zambia and Burkina Faso, both landlocked, want to build new rail lines through neighboring states to improve their connections to the sea. In East Africa, the Kenyon government and the rebel movement in southern Sudan plan to build a new railway track—at an estimated cost of
A．Y
B．N
C．NG
American interest lies mainly in South Africa, by far the largest economy in the region. Services account for 60% of its GDP, and it increasingly dominates the rest of Africa in banking, information technology, telecom, retail' and other areas. Just as British banks, such as Barclays, have moved their African headquarters to South Africa over the past year, American investors see the country as a platform. to the rest of the continent.
Agreeing investment rules and resolving differences on intellectual property rights are the most urgent issues. American drug firms want to be part of the fast expansion in South Africa of production of anti-retroviral drugs, used against AIDS. By 2007 South Africa alone expects 1.2m patients to take the drugs daily. The country might be the world's biggest exporter of anti-AIDS drugs within a few years. Striking a bilateral deal now should make American investments easier.
But Mr. Zoellick's greater concern is for multilateral trade talks that stalled in Cancun, Mexico, in September. Alec Erwin, his South African counterpart, helped to organize the G20 group of poor and middle-income countries that opposed joint American-EU proposals there; he is widely tipped to take over as head of the World Trade Organization late next year, and would be a useful ally.
So Mr. Zoellick is trying to charm his African partner by agreeing to drop support for most of a group of issues (known as "Singapore" issues) that jammed up the talks at Cancun, and were opposed by poor countries; he says he also favors abolishing export subsidies in America--though only if Japan and the EU agree to do the same. That would please African exporters who say such subsidies destroy markets for their goods.
Mr. Zoellick's efforts to make more friends may be paying off. Even though America has treated Africa very shabbily on trade in the past, Mr. Erwin hints it is easier doing business with America than with Europe or Japan. A small sign, but perhaps a telling one.
It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ______.
A．6,000 goods from Africa are tariff-free to American countries
B．preferential export rules are interesting to southern Africans
C．most clothes found in the U.S. are actually made by Chinese
D．Lesotho is willing to export more agricultural goods to the U.S.
Several centuries ago, Spaniards and Portuguese came to the Amazon River area to _________.
A．plant trees
B．help the native Indians
C．colonize the area.
D．look for new residential places
This story happened in South America.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Doesn't say
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