Salt, shells or metals are still used as money in out-of-the..

第1题

Which of the following strategies is not used to avoid dessication （避免干燥) in the intertidal？

A、Closing shells

B、Expelling the extra salt

C、Burrowing （掩埋）into substrate （基底）

D、Moving out of tide pools

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第2题

Salt, shells or metals are still used as money in out-of-the-way parts of the world today.

Salt may seem rather a strange 【B1】 to use as money, 【B2】 in countries where the food of the people is mainly vegetable, it is often an 【B3】 necessity. Cakes of salt, stamped to show their 【B4】 , were used as money in some countries until recent 【B5】 and cakes of salt 【B6】 buy goods in Borneo and parts of Africa. Sea shells 【B7】 as money at some time 【B8】 another over the greater part of the Old World. These were 【B9】 mainly from the beaches of the Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, and were traded to India and China. In Africa, shells were traded right across the 【B10】 from East to West. Metal, valued by weight, 【B11】 coins in many parts of the world. Iron, in lumps, bars or rings, is still used in many countries 【B12】 paper money. It can either be exchanged 【B13】 goods, or made into tools, weapons, or ornaments. The early money of China, apart from shells, was of bronze, 【B14】 in flat, round pieces with a bole in the middle, called "cash". The 【B15】 of these are between three thousand and four thousand years old--older than the earliest coins of the easterr Mediterranean. Nowadays, coins and notes have 【B16】 nearly all the more picturesque 【B17】 of money, and 【B18】 in one or two of the more remote countries people still keep it for future use on ceremonial 【B19】 such as weddings and funerals, examples of 【B20】 money will soon be found only in museums.

【B1】

A．object

B．article

C．substance

D．category

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第3题

Salt, shells or metals are still used as money in out-of-the-way parts of the world today.

Salt may seem rather a strange 【B1】 to use as money, 【B2】 in countries where the food of the people is mainly vegetable, it is often an 【B3】 necessity. Cakes of salt, stamped to show their 【B4】 , were used as money in some countries until recent 【B5】 and cakes of salt 【B6】 buy goods in Borneo and parts of Africa. Sea shells 【B7】 as money at some time 【B8】 another over the greater part of the Old World. These were 【B9】 mainly from the beaches of the Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, and were traded to India and China. In Africa, shells were traded right across the 【B10】 from East to West. Metal, valued by weight, 【B11】 coins in many parts of the world. Iron, in lumps, bars or rings, is still used in many countries 【B12】 paper money. It can either be exchanged 【B13】 goods, or made into tools, weapons, or ornaments. The early money of China, apart from shells, was of bronze, 【B14】 in flat, round pieces with a bole in the middle, called "cash". The 【B15】 of these are between three thousand and four thousand years old--older than the earliest coins of the easterr Mediterranean. Nowadays, coins and notes have 【B16】 nearly all the more picturesque 【B17】 of money, and 【B18】 in one or two of the more remote countries people still keep it for future use on ceremonial 【B19】 such as weddings and funerals, examples of 【B20】 money will soon be found only in museums.

【B1】

A．object

B．article

C．substance

D．category

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第4题

根据下面内容，回答下列各题： Salt，shells or metals are still used as money in out of- he wa

y parts of the world today．Salt may seem rather a strange(19)_______to use as money，(20)_______in countries where the food of the people is mainly vegetable，it is often an(21)_______necessity．Cakesb of salt，stamped to show their(22)_______，were used as money in some countries until recent(23)_______ ，and cakes of salt(24)_______buy goods in Borneo and parts of Africa． Sea shells(25)_______as money at some time(26)_______another over the greater part of the Old world．These were(27)_______mainly from the beaches of the Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean，and were traded to India and China．In Africa，shells were traded tight acrossthe(28)_______from East to West． Metal，valued by weight，(29)_______ coins in many parts of the world．Iron，in lumps，bars or rings，is still used in many countries(30)_______paper money．It Can either be exchanged(31)_______goods，or made into tools，weapons，or ornaments．The early money of China，apart from shells，was of bronze，(32) _______in flat，round pieces with a hole in the middle，called“cash”．The(33) _______of these are between three thousand and four thousand years old older than the earliest coins of the eastern Mediterranean． Nowadays，coins and notes have replaced nearly all the more picturesque forms of money，and while in one or two of the more remote countries people still hold it for future use on ceremonial occasions such as weddings and funerals，examples of primitive money will soon be found only in museums．

A.object

B.article

C.substance

D.category

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第5题

听力原文： Scientists believed that when the oceans were young, they contained only a trait

of salt, and that the level of salinity have been growing gradually. Over the years the rain had worn away the rocky mantle of the continents. Minerals released by this erosion had been carried to the sea by the flow of river water. This water added several million tons of salt to the ocean annually. There are other sources of oceanic salinity too. One source is under water volcanic action. This eruption occurs along the mid-ocean range and release great amount of salt each year. However these sources of salt don't increase the actual mineral composition of water by much, because of the enormous chemical requirements of marine life. Oyster, clam, snails and other louse use salt to build shells and skeletons. Coral reefs also contains large amount of salts. Also some salt leave the ocean through the process of evaporation. As salt escape into the atmosphere, they go into the creation of rain drops. This is why the coast received more rain than land area. You see, more salt existence in the atmosphere near the ocean, thereby attracting increased moisture and producing rain.

What is the topic of this talk？

A．The salinity of the ocean.

B．Pollutants found at sea.

C．The composition of coral reefs.

D．The weather patterns of coastal areas.

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第6题

听力原文： Scientists believe that when the oceans were young, they contained only a trace

of salt, and that the level of salinity has been going up gradually. Over the years, rains have been wearing away the reek mantle of the continent. Minerals released by these erosion have been carded to the sea by the flow of river water. This water adds several billions tons of salt to the ocean annually. There are other sources of oceanic salinity too; one source is underwater volcanic action. These eruptions occurred along the mid-ocean ridge and release great amount of salt into the sea each year. However, these sources don't increase the actual mineral composition of the water by much because the enormous chemical requirements of marine life. Oysters, clams, snails and other mollusk use salt to build shells and skeletons. Coral reefs also consume large amount of salt. Also, some salt leaves the ocean through the process of evaporation. As salts escape into the atmosphere, they go into the creation of rain drops, this is why the coast receives more rain. Salt exists in the atmosphere near the ocean, thereby attracting the increased moisture and producing rain.

What does the speaker say about the ocean's level of saltiness？

A．The level of saltiness in the ocean is extraordinarily high.

B．The average level of salinity in the ocean is higher than that of inland lakes.

C．Salt has been gradually accumulating in the ocean, which leads to a rise in oceanic salinity level.

D．Salt has accumulated very quickly at the early stage of life formation, then this process gradually slow down.

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第7题

听力原文：Aristotle, file Greek philosopher, summed up the four chief qualifies of money so

听力原文： Aristotle, file Greek philosopher, summed up the four chief qualifies of money some 2,000 years ago. It must be lasting and easy to recognize, to divide, and to carry about. In other words it must be, "durable, distinct, divisible and portable". When we think of money today, we picture it either as round, flat pieces of metal which we call coins, or as printed paper notes. But there are still parts of the world today where coins and notes are of no use. They will buy nothing, and a traveler might starve if he had none of the particular local money to exchange for food.

Among isolated peoples, who are not often reached by traders from outside, commerce usually means barter. There is a direct exchange of goods. Perhaps it is fish for vegetables, meat for grain, or various kinds of food in exchange for pots, baskets, or other manufactured goods. For this kind of simple trading money is not needed, but there is often something that everyone wants and everybody can use, such as salt to flavor food, shells for ornaments. These things--salt, shells or metals --are still used as money in out-of-the-way parts of the world today.

(30)

A．Coins are round, flat pieces of metal.

B．Today, we usually think of money as either coins or paper money.

C．Theoretically speaking, coins and paper notes should be durable, distinct, divisible and portable.

D．Today, other forms of money than coins and paper money are still being used.

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第8题

Today anyone will accept money in exchange for goods and services. People use money to buy

food, furniture, books, bicycles and hundreds of other things they need or want. When they work, they usually get paid in money.

Most of the money today is made of metal or paper. But people used to use all kinds of things as money. One of the first kinds of money was shells. Shells were not the only things used as money. In Chinese history, cloth and knives were used. In the Philippine Islands, rice was used as money for a long tie. Elephant tusks, monkey tails, and salt were used as money in parts of Africa. Cattle were one of the earliest kinds of money. Other animals were used as money, too.

The first metal coins were made in China. They were round and had a square hole in the center. People strung them together and carried them from place to place. Different countries have used different metals and designs for their money. The first coins in England were made of tin. Sweden and Russia used copper to make their money, Later, countries began to make coins of gold and silver.

But even gold and silver were inconvenient if you had to buy something expensive. Again the Chinese thought of a way to improve money. They began to use paper money. The first paper money looked more like a note from one person to another than the paper money used today.

Money has had an interesting history from the days of shell money until today.

Which of the following is the best title for this article？

A．Countries and Their Money.

B．Kinds of Money.

C．Trade and Money.

D．The History of Money.

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第9题

In Europe and Asia, the first "medium of exchange" or "standard of value" was not gold or

silver, but cattle. In other parts of the world, however, such different commodities as salt, shells, stones and coca beans were all used as "money": They all offered advantages over the barter system, but none of them was perfect. Some were too heavy, some could not be divided into small enough parts (how much of a cow would you need to buy a piece of cheese？), and some were not permanent enough. The solution was money as we know it, that is, as coins.

The invention of coins appears to have occurred almost simultaneously but quite independently in ancient Greece and in China in about 800 BC. The reason historians believe development was independent is because of the notable differences in the two systems.

The first money to appear in China was made of bronze. More notably, it was not -circular, but in the shape of a knife ! The knife had a hole pierced in the handle so that it could be suspended (for example, from a string), and it generally bore an inscription. Other shapes included keys or spades, but what they had in common was the pierced hole. It was probably round 250 BC that the first Chinese money we would recognize as coins appeared, and, subsequently, the famous Ming mint produced a round coin with a square hole in it. This particular coin bore the inscription, "Knife of Ming", but the knife itself had disappeared. It was from this coin that the famous "cash" developed. The Chinese word, "cash" means "a small unit of currency". Al though Chinese coins often have inscriptions, they virtually never had portraits, or types of any kind, until the 19th century when they were influenced by western models.

It is implied in the passage that ______.

A．people used to prefer gold and silver as their medium of exchange

B．money was invented first in Europe and then in Asia

C．coins appeared as the result of inconvenience in exchange

D．the earliest coins were made quite differently from those we are using now

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