题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A．no more than
B．any more than
C．not more than
D．nothing more than
简答题官方参考答案
（由简答题聘请的专业题库老师提供的解答）
更多“Taking more vitamin than the body needs does not make it function better______ over-fulfil”相关的问题
What's experts' opinion about taking vitamin pills？
A．It is safe for our health.
B．It does more good than harm.
C．It may bring us some side effects.
D．It will reduce the length of colds.
Which of the following is NOT true？
A．People taking 200 IU got bigger immune defenses than the ones who got only 60 IU.
B．Research has found Vitamin E delays the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
C．Most of us can get sufficient Vitamin E from diet.
D．It's important to remember when taking Vitamin E: more may not be better.
The latest finding comes from nutrition and immunology respected: Vitamin E boosts the immune system in older people. In an eight-month study of 88 seniors, the scientists found that those taking at least 200 international units of Vitamin E daily had stronger immune responses than those taking little or none. Alzheimer's disease. Researchers tracked 341 moderately senile patients. Those who popped 2,000 IU of Vitamin E took seven months longer to reach an advanced stage of the disease.
Rangit Kumar Chandra, a Vitamin E researcher at Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada, says more studies are needed to learn who can benefit most and at what dose. Vitamin E thins the blood, so high doses can cause bleeding in people who also take blood thinning drags, even aspirin. Individuals with serious conditions should consult their doctors. But most people over 65, Chandra says, can take up to 200 IU with no side effects and great benefits.
What's the main idea of the passage？
A．People will be in perfect health if they take Vitamin E every day.
B．Study showed that people who took Vitamin E regained their Flexibility.
C．Vitamin E may help prevent Alzheimer's.
D．Vitamin E offers a range of advantage if old people take proper dose of Vitamin E every day.
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
For years, doctors advised their patients that the only thing taking multivitamins doses is giving them expensive urine (尿). After all, true vitamin deficiencies are practically unheard of in industrialized countries. Now it seems those doctors may have been wrong. The results of a growing number of studies suggest that even a modest vitamin shortfall can be harmful to your health. Although proof of the benefits of multivitamins is still far from certain, the few dollars you spend on them is probably a good investment.
Or at least that's the argument put forward in the New England Journal of Medicine. Ideally, say Dr. Walter Willett and Dr. Meir Stampfer of Harvard, all vitamin supplements would be evaluated in scientifically rigorous clinical trials. But those studies can take a long time and often raise more questions than they answer. At some point, while researchers work on figuring out where the truth lies, it just makes sense to say the potential benefit outweighs the cost.
The best evidence to date concerns folate, one of the B vitamins. It's been proved to limit the number of defects in embryos, and a recent trial found that folate in combination with vitamin B 12 and a form. of B6 also decreases the re-blockage of arteries after surgical repair.
The news on vitamin E has been more mixed. Healthy folks who take 400 international units daily for at least two years appear somewhat less likely to develop heart disease. But when doctors give vitamin E to patients who already have heart disease, the vitamin doesn't seem to help. It may turn out that vitamin E plays a role in prevention but cannot undo serious damage.
Despite vitamin C's great popularity, consuming large amounts of it still has not been positively linked to any great benefit. The body quickly becomes saturated with C and simply excretes (排泄) any excess.
The multivitamins question boils down to this: Do you need to wait until all the evidence is in before you take them, or are you willing to accept that there's enough evidence that they don't hurt and could help？
If the latter, there's no need to go to extremes and buy the biggest horse pills or the most expensive bottles. Large doses can cause trouble, including excessive bleeding and nervous system problems.
Multivitamins are no substitute for exercise and a balanced diet, of course. As long as you understand that any potential benefit is modest and subject to further refinement, taking a daily multivitamin makes a lot of sense.
At one time doctors discouraged taking multivitamins because they believed that multivitamins______.
A．could not easily be absorbed by the human body
B．were potentially harmful to people's health
C．were too expensive for daily consumption
D．could not provide any cure for vitamin deficiencies
听音频：回答题
Last year， researchers published new findings from the Women"s Health Initiative， a long-term study of more than 160000midlife women. The data showed that multivitamin-takers are no（26）than those who don"t take the pills， at least when it comes to the big diseases——cancer， heart disease， and（27） "Even women with poor diets weren"t helped by taking amultivitamin，" says the study author Marian Neuhouser， PhD， in the cancer（28）program at the Fred Hutchinson CancerResearch Center， in Seattle. Vitamin（29）came into fashion in the early 1900s， when it was difficult or impossible for most people to get a wide variety of fresh fruits and vegetables. Back then， vitamin-deficiency diseases weren"t unheard-of: the bowed legs and（30）ribs caused by a severe shortage of vitamin D， or the skin problems and mental confusion caused by a lack of vitamin B， But these days， you"re（31）unlikely to be seriously deficient if you eat an average diet， if only because many packaged foods are vitamin-enriched. Sure， most of us could do with a couple more daily（32）of produce， but a multivitamin doesn"t do a good job at（33）those. "Multivitamins have maybe two dozen（34）but plans，s have hundreds of other useful compounds，"Neuhouser says. "If you just take a multivitamin， you"re missing lots of compounds that may be providing benefits. " There is onegroup that probably ought to keep taking a multivitamin: women of reproductive age. The supplement is insurance（35）pregnancy.
第（26）题__________
查看材料
New evidence bolsters these findings. Researchers have now correlated men's blood concentrations of vitamin A with a later incidence of broken bones: a comparison that avoids the vagaries that plague diet-recall studies.
Taken together, the new work and the diet studies raise knotty questions about the maximum amount of vitamin A that a person can safely ingest each day, says study coauthor Karl Michasson, an orthopedic surgeon at University Hospital in Uppsala, Sweden. He and his colleagues report the new findings in Jan. 23 New England Journal of Medicine.
In the United States, the average daily intake of vitamin A through food, specially fish, eggs, and meat, is roughly 2,600 IU (international units) for men, and many multi-vitamins contain 5,000 IU. The US Institute of Medicine recommends that people get 2,300 to 3,000 IU of vitamin A each day and sets the safe upper limit around 10,000 IU.
"I believe tiffs upper level should be lowered," Michasson says. When he and his colleagues gave the men dietary questionnaires, they learned that men ingesting as little as 5,000 IU of vitamin A per day were more prone to fractures than were men getting less. Manufacturers should lower the amount of vitamin A in multi-vitamin tablets and fortified foods, such as cereals, says Michasson.
The new study began in the early 1970s when researchers stored blood samples from 2,047 men about 50 years old. Since then, 266 of the men have had at least one bone fracture. After dividing the men into five equal groups according to their blood vitamin A concentrations, the researchers found that men in the top group were nearly twice as likely as those in the middle group to have broken a bone. The correlation was particularly strong with fractures of the hip.
"I think it's pretty conclusive now that there's a bad effect of vitamin A supplementation," says Margo A. Denke, an endocrinologist at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas. Elderly people may be at special risk because they're slow to clear the vitamin from their bodies. Studies of animals have established that excess vitamin A stimulates the formation of cells that dissolve bone.
However, since some vitamin A is necessary to maintain good eyesight and general health, Denke and Michasson agree that fully fortified foods and supplements should remain available in countries where poor nutrition puts people at risk of a vitamin A deficiency.
We can learn from the text that
A．a man taking large amounts of vitamin A will suffer hip fractures.
B．the maximum of vitamin A a man takes every day should be within 3,000 IU.
C．the more a man consumes vitamin A every day, the higher chance he suffers hip fracture.
D．the less a man consumes vitamin A every day, the higher chance he stands of good health.
Even as the U.S. Senate debates a vast new tax and spend regime in the name of fighting climate change, a more instructive argument was taking place in Copenhagen, Denmark. Some of the world's leading economists met earlier this month to decide how to do the most good in a world of finite resources.
Scarcity is a core economic concept. There isn't an unlimited amount of money to be spent on every problem, so choices have to be made. The question addressed by the Copenhagen Consensus Center is what investments would do the most good for the most people. The center's blue-ribbon panel of economists, including five Nobel laureates, weighed more than 40 proposals to improve the world by spending a total of $75 billion over the next four years.
What would do the most good most economically？ Supplements of vitamin A and zinc for malnourished children.
Number two？ A successful outcome to the Doha Round of global flee-trade talks.
Global warming mitigation？ It ranked 30th, or last, right behind global warming mitigation research and development.
On the benefits of freer trade, it was estimated that a successful Doha Round could generate up to $113 trillion in new wealth during the 21st century, at a cost of $420 billion or less from inefficient industries going bust.
Meanwhile, providing vitamin A and zinc would help some 112 million children in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia for merely $60 million a year. The minerals would help prevent blindness and stunted growth—increasing lifetime productivity by an estimated $1 billion. Similar if not quite so bountiful returns apply to investments in iron supplements, salt iodization and deworming, all low-cost measures that the economists in Copenhagen ranked highly.
Since 1957, a team of researchers has monitored the dietary habits and medical histories of 2,000 middle-aged men employed by the Western Electric Co. in Chicago. Led by Dr. Pritichard Shekelle of Chicago's Rush--Presbyterian--St. Luke's medical Centre, the team recently began to sort out the links between the subjects' dietary patterns and cancer. Other animal and human studies has suggested that vitamin A might offer some protection against lung cancer, but did not distinguish vitamin A made in the body from that in carotene (胡萝卜素), which is abundant in a variety of vegetables and fruits, including carrots, spinach, broccoli, squash, tomatoes and apples.
The Western Electric study showed little correlation (相互关系)between the incidence of lung cancer and the consumption of foods containing performed vitamin A. But the data on carotene intake (摄入)revealed a significant relationship. Among the 488 men who had the lowest carotene consumption, there were 14 cases of lung cancer; in a group of the same size that ate the most carotene, only two eases developed. The apparent protective effect of carotene held up even for long-time smokers.
Further studies will be necessary before the link between lung cancer and carotene can be firmly established. Meanwhile, researchers warn against taking large amounts of vitamin-A supplements, which can be extremely poisonous in high doses. Instead, they advise a well-balanced diet that includes foods rich in carotene.
Vitamin A can be found in meat.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
According to the passage, vitamin-deficiency diseases were caused by
A．not taking vitamin pills.
B．not having various fruits and vegetables.
C．eating an average American diet.
D．shortage of vitamind.
根据以下材料，回答题
Ward off Travel Bugs
（1） As the holiday season approaches， so does the prospect of jet lag， an upset stomach or sunburn.
With care and some help fi"om natural sources， however， it is quite possible to avoid these problems.
（2） You can start to prepare a couple of weeks before you leave. Food poisoning will make any holiday miserable， but by taking some medicine such as lactobacillus and bifidobacteria， you can reduce the likelihood of poisoning caused by food or water tainted （感染，污染） with unfamiliar bacteria.
（3） By improving the bacteria balance in your digestive tract， you crowd out the pathogenic （病原的）bacteria and stop them gaining a foothold. The beneficial bacteria also produce gentle but effective natural antibiotics （抗生素） in yourgut.
（4） In many holiday locations you need to remember the basics: drink bottled water， avoid undercooked meat and ensure that food hygiene （卫生） is adequate. If you get food poisoning，drink plenty of water to stay hydrated（保持水分）and see a doctor. However， if you detect diarrhea（腹泻） early enough， you might like to try taking about 10 or 15 pancreatic digestive enzymes， which can digest the multiplying bacteria before they take over.
（5） Taking a teaspoon of silicol gel can also help. This lines the stomach and upper intestinal area and binds with bacteria and viruses， allowing them to be safely passed out of the gut. When you pack，include grapefit-it-seed extract， which is an excellent all-round anti-bacterial， anti- parasitic，anti-viral （抗毒的） and anti-fungal （杀菌的） agent.
（6） Your flight can also be made more pleasant. Peppermint oil and ginger capsules （胶囊） ward off motion sickness， but a more delicious option is to eat crystallized ginger. If you tend to get ear-ache on take-off and landing， you can use special ear plugs with filler that slows down the rate of change in air pressure.
（7） The greatest concern is "economy class syndrome"， the popular name for deep-vein thrombosis （血栓症） ， which can lead to blood clots traveling from the legs to the lungs， heart or brain. To reduce this， you need a couple of hours to stay hydrated， and avoid alcohol.
（8） You can also reduce the severity of inflammation by taking a daily gram of vitamin C with the bioflavonoid quercetin. Vitamin C and quercetin also help to reduce prickly heat.
（9） Finally， if any adverse symptoms persist while overseas， you should see a doctor.
Paragraph 1 ___________ 查看材料
A.Basics of What to Eat and Drink
B.Medicine Against Bacteria and V"lruses
C.Importance of bacteria balance
D.Basics of Having a Pleasant Flight
E.A Teaspoonful of Helpful Silicol
F.Preparations Against Food Poisoning
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