With the sudden onset of severe psychotic symptoms, the individual is said to be experienc
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of schizophrenia?
A.Hallucinations.
B.Delusions.
C.Incoherence.
D.Vertigo.
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of schizophrenia?
A.Hallucinations.
B.Delusions.
C.Incoherence.
D.Vertigo.
A、To criticize those who do not work part-time at college.
B、To complain about the hardship of working while studying.
C、To call on other students to work part-time while studying.
D、To argue that the "earn-as-you-learn" approach is a sure way to happiness.
A、Supporting other research.
B、Making a proposal.
C、Rejecting a common belief.
D、Describing limitations.
A、Smell as a highly inclusive phenomenon
B、The difficulties of talking about smells
C、Why odours cannot be recorded
D、The difference between odours and colours
A、The measurement of smell is becoming more accurate.
B、Most smells are inoffensive.
C、Researchers believe smell is a purely physical reaction.
D、Smell is yet to be defined.
Passage B--Effects of Noise In general, it is plausible to suppose that we should prefer peace and quiet to noise. And yet most of us have had the experience of having to adjust to sleeping in the mountains or the countryside because it was ‘too quiet', an experience that suggests that humans are capable of adapting to a wide range of noise levels. Research supports this view. For example, Glass and Singer (1972) exposed people to short bursts of very loud noise and then measured their ability to work out problems and their physiological reactions to the noise. The noise was quite disruptive at first, but after about four minutes the subjects were doing just as well on their tasks as control subjects who were not exposed to noise. Their physiological arousal also declined quickly to the same levels as those of the control subjects. But there are limits to adaptation and loud noise becomes more troublesome if the person is required to concentrate on more than one task. For example, high noise levels interfered with the performance of subjects who were required to monitor three dials at a time, a task not unlike that of a pilot or that of an air-traffic controller (Broadbent, 1957). Similarly, noise did not affect a subject's ability to track a moving line with a steering wheel, but it did interfere with the subject's ability to repeat numbers while tracking (Finkelman and Glass, 1970). Probably the most significant finding from research on noise is that its predictability is more important than how loud it is. We are much more able to ‘tune out' chronic background noise, even if it is quite loud, than to work under circumstances with unexpected intrusions of noise. In the Glass and Singer study, in which subjects were exposed to bursts of noise as they worked on a task, some subjects heard loud bursts and others heard soft bursts. For some subjects, the bursts were spaced exactly one minute apart (predictable noise); others heard the same amount of noise overall, but the bursts occurred at random intervals (unpredictable noise). Subjects reported finding the predictable and unpredictable noise equally annoying, and all subjects performed at about the same level during the noise portion of the experiment. But the different noise conditions had quite different effects when the subjects were required to proofread written material under conditions of no noise, as shown in Table 1. Table 1: Proofreading Errors and Noise Unpredictable Predictable Average Noise Noise Loud noise 40.1 31.8 35.9 Soft noise 36.7 27.4 32.1 Average 38.4 29.6 7. What does “plausible” in the first paragraph mean?
A、Predictable.
B、Reasonable.
C、Permissible.
D、Refutable.
A、humans do not prefer peace and quiet to noise
B、they may be exposed to short bursts of very strange sounds
C、humans prefer hearing a certain amount of noise while they sleep
D、they may have adapted to a higher noise level in the city
A、problem-solving is much easier under quiet conditions
B、physiological arousal prevents the ability to work
C、bursts of noise do not seriously disrupt problem-solving in the long term
D、the physiological arousal of the control subjects declined quickly
A、the successful performance of a single task
B、the tasks of pilots or air traffic controllers
C、the ability to repeat numbers while tracking moving lines
D、the ability to monitor three dials at once
A、Noise predictability can be determined by loudness.
B、Predictability has an edge over loudness.
C、Soft noise is more destructive than unpredictable noise.
D、Predictability and loudness do not influence proofreading errors.
A、Exposure to high-pitched noise results in more errors than exposure to low-pitched noise.
B、Noise affects a subject’s capacity to repeat numbers while s/he is carrying out another task.
C、Subjects exposed to noise find it difficult at first to concentrate on problem-solving tasks.
D、Subjects find it difficult to perform three tasks at the same time when exposed to noise.
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