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提问人：网友ouxingzhi
发布时间：2022-01-07
[主观题]
Kinship terms in China are not only confined to family members, they can also be used to address friends, acquaintances, neighbors.
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更多“Kinship terms in China are not only confined to family members, they can also be used to address fri…”相关的问题
第2题
Questions are based on the following passage. It is a wise father that knows his own chi
Questions are based on the following passage.
It is a wise father that knows his own child， but today a man can boost his paternal （fatherly）wisdom —— or at least confirm that he"s the kid"s dad. All he needs to do is shell out $30 forpaternity testing kit （PTK） at his local drugstore —— and another $120 to get the results.
More than 60，000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become availablewithout prescriptions last years， according to Doug Fogg， chief operating officer ofIdentigene， which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNAtests directly to the public， ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2，500.
Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing， which adopted children can useto find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption，DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists —— and supports businessesthat offer to search for a family"s geographic roots.
Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva （唾液） in the mouth and sending it tothe company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.
But some observers are skeptical. "There is a kind of false precision being hawked bypeople claiming they are doing ancestry testing，" says Trey Duster， a New York Universitysociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors —— numbering in the hundredsjust a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage （世系），either the Y chromosome （染色体） inherited through men in a father"s line or mitochondrial（线粒体） DNA， which is passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal geneticinformation about only one or two ancestors， even though， for example， just three generationsback people also have six other great-grandparents or， four generations back，14 other great-great-grandparents.
Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the referencecollections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don"t relyon data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different researchprojects. This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and notothers， so a person"s test results may differ depending on the company that processes theresults.
According to the passage， what is PTK used to？ 查看材料
A.To locate one"s birth place.
B.To promote genetic research.
C.To find out if one is the father of a child.
D.To help improve one"s intelligence.
第3题
Political institutions develop when the complexity of the society reaches the point at whi
ch kinship organization can no longer serve as an adequate mechanism for carrying out the political functions of the society. The following may be identified as political functions: (1) to protect the society from external threats; (2) to insure order in the society; (3) to resolve conflicts within the society, and (4) to allocate resources of the society.
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In simple, homogeneous societies there seems to be widespread agreement on the values that underlie solutions to these social requirements. But complexity implies a measure of diversity of interests and values. Consensus cannot be taken for granted, for solutions that benefit one set of interests may have detrimental effects on another. Questions arise to challenge the assumption that there is a common interest and that universally satisfying solutions to problems can be devised: Whose interests need protection from external threats？ Whose norms provide the basis for order？ Whose interests are served in conflict resolution？ Who gets what in resource allocation？ Order at which price？ Because people at different positions in the social order tend to offer different answers to such questions, choices among alternatives are necessary.
It is obvious, then, that control of the apparatus through which these decisions are made and implemented is of crucial import. The essence of political process is the struggle between individuals and groups with different interests to gain the decision-making power. Power refers to the ability of an individual or group to have its will carried our even in the face of opposition to it. In terms of political functions it means being in a position to determine the answers to questions issuing from social complexity that concern whose interests and values are to be addressed.
Conflict and functional theorists differ in their conceptions of political power. Functionalists assert that only through some concentration of power can collective goals be achieved. They view the state apparatus as a mechanism for accomplishing these positive goals. Conflict theorists, on the other hand, view the state as serving the ruling economic class and see its function as maintaining the dominance of this class.
What is the main topic of this passage？
A．The conception of the political institutions.
B．The difference between conflict and functional theorists.
C．The different positions the people stand in the racial order.
D．The development of political institutions.
第4题
All normal human beings are ______ at least to a degree - they get a feeling of warmth and
kinship from engaging in group activities.
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A．segregated
B．congregational
C．gregarious
D．egregious
第5题
It’s common to see that Chinese people address strangers as uncle, ante, brother or master which is to show their ______ , and such way of social addresses is called ______ .
A、close relationship, kinship addresses
B、politeness and respect, fictive kinship addresses
C、humility, kinship addresses
D、special affection, fictive kinship addresses
第6题
“五缘之水”中的“五缘”翻译为？ A. Five Links B. Links of kinship, geography, religion, business and products. （填A或B即可）
第7题
It’s common that Chinese people call strangers as uncle, aunt, brother or sister, and such way of social addresses is called ___________ .
A、fictive kinship addresses
B、family addresses
C、kinship addresses
D、nicknames
第8题
Addresses can be divided into kinship addresses and .
A、social addresses
B、family addresses
C、nicknames
D、fictive kinship addresses
第10题
Kinship analysis is becoming more and more popular.A．正确B．错误
Kinship analysis is becoming more and more popular.
A．正确
B．错误
