题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A.sounds.
B.grammar.
C.meaning.
D.spelling.
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更多“The phonetic system of a langauge is its system of”相关的问题
A、minimal pair
B、phonemic description
C、diacritics
D、International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
A、It is an organization that promotes the scientific study of phonetics.
B、It is a notational standard for the phonetic representation of all languages.
C、It is a standardized system of semantic symbols.
D、It is a symbol system to mark the pronunciation, spelling and meaning of the words.
The internationally accepted system of phonetic transcription is
A．IPA
B．IAPS.
C．ISS.
D．SSIP.
A．their discourse organization
B．their grammatical structure
C．their phonetic system
D．the size of their lexicon
A．Aspiration is a distinctive feature
B．Voicing is a distinctive phonetic feature
C．Nasalization of vowels gives rise to another vowel
D．Length of vowels differentiates one vowel from the other
Phonetic loans are pictographs of concrete words borrowed to indicate abstract words of the same or similar sound. The principle here is that of the rebus, or visual pun. Thus, the pictograph for dustpan (ji) was borrowed for this, his, her, its (qi or ji). Through the Zhou period (11th century to 3rd century BC) many characters had such a dual use. If at that time the scribes had agreed that only the "dustpan" pictograph would stand for any syllable pronounced ji, they would have discovered the principle of the phonetic syllabary, precursor of the alphabet. Because of the great number of homonyms in Chinese, however, scribes instead retreated to picture writing. The picture of the dustpan came to be used exclusively for his, her, its. In the rarer instances when scribes actually meant to refer to a dustpan, however, they avoided ambiguity by employing a compound symbol in which "dustpan" had added to it the pictograph for "bamboo", representing the material from which dustpans were made. This process for reducing the ambiguity of phonetic loans became in time a process by which any pictograph, borrowed for its sound, could be joined to any other chosen to indicate the meaning, forming a phonetic compound. Thus, "dustpan," with the addition of "earth" instead of "bamboo," indicated ji, " base, foundation. " Today simple and compound pictographs continue to be used for some of the most basic vocabulary — home, mother, child, rice, fare. Perhaps 95 percent of the words in the dictionary are written with phonetic compounds, however.
To express modem concepts, Chinese generally invents equivalents from its native stock of meaningful syllables or renders such terms in phonetic spelling. Thus, chemistry is expressed in Chinese as "study of transformations. "
Shihuangdi (Shih-huang-ti), first emperor of a unified China, suppressed many regional scripts and enforced a simplified, standardized writing called the Small Seal. In the Han Dynasty (206BC-AD220) this developed into the Clerical, Running, Draft, and Standard scripts. Printed Chinese is modeled on the Standard Script, Cursive or rapid writing (the Running and Draft scripts) introduced many abbreviated characters used in artistic calligraphy and in commercial and private correspondence, but it was long banned from official documents. The printing of abbreviated characters is still forbidden in Taiwan but has become the normal practice in the People's Republic of China.
If one wants to read newspapers, knowing______words would be the minimum requirement.
A．1,000
B．2,000
C．3,000
D．40,000
Part A
Directions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10.
听力原文：W：Come in, please.
M：Good morning, Dr. Wilson.
W：Good morning, Wang. How nice to meet you again. Take a seat…why don't you, please. When did you get to the university？
M：I arrived yesterday.
W：Well…are you living in the college？
M：No, I am with an English family…actually…because I want to improve my speaking.
W：Oh, fine. Right, did you take a language proficiency test before you came？
M：Yes. Uhh…my Overall Band is 6, but…unfortunately my speaking score is only 5.
W：OK, you know, here in this university, you have to take our own English test before you attend any lectures. So, first of au．what we've got to do is, we have to make an arrangement for the test date. Umm…will tomorrow be all fight for you？
M：Yeah, I have time tomorrow morning.
W：Good, then．Tomorrow at ten. I don't think the test will be any problem for you. Now, let's make sure you make good use of your time here. Let's put it like this. What exactly do you want to accomplish in the next 12 months？
M：I'm interested in computer language translation, I mean, from English to Chinese and Chinese to English. I'll try, if possible, to produce software or a device which can serve as an interpreter.
W：Yes, could you be a bit more specific about…er…the device？
M：For instance, when you talk to the device in English it will translate your words into Chinese and vice versa.
W：Uhuh…do you mean it'll be as competent as…er…a human interpreter？
M：Yes…well, I'll let it deal with general situations, at least.
W：Fascinating…and how big will the device itself be, do you think？
M：The size of a cigarette pack, I think. So people can put it in their pocket.
W：Really？Well, that could be a Ph. D project. Tell me what you have done so far.
M：In my four years of undergraduate study, I studied electronics, advanced mathematics, hardware designing, some computer languages and program writing.
W：Yes, but have you done any practical jobs？ I mean, have you written any programs for practical use？
M：I had been involved in a project for CAD in a shipyard.
W：Computer aided design. That was probably a good experience, but, unfortunately, it may not help your present project much. Are you familiar with the C-language？
M：No.
W：Uhuh…the phonetic processing system, do you know how such a system works？
M：What do you mean by“phonetic processing system”？
W：Well, you know, English is spoken by different people with different accents. Your English accent is different from mine, and of course mine is not the same as my colleagues. So as I see it．your device would have to be able to recognise and understand different accents.
M：Oh, I see. I think I can learn the C-language and the phonetic processing system here.
W：Well, that's probably true, but you've got only twelve months and you want a degree, don't you？
M：Yes.
W：OK, so there're two ways of studying for a degree here. You either take six courses, pass their exams and have your dissertation accepted or the other way is you do some research work and submit your project report.
M：I think I'll take the second way.
W：Fine, but are you sure you call finish your project in twelve months？
M：I don't know. but I can work twelve hours per day and seven days per week.
W：Well, I'd suggest you spend some time in our library, trying to find out what other students have done before and perhaps reconsider your own project, to some extent. You might narrow your research area, concentrating on solving one or two major problems. And, it'd be a good idea to talk to your colleagues in the lab, first. Anyway, I'm sure we can work out something good. Shall I see y
A．Right
B．Wrong
Chinese Dialects(方言)
1．The enormous differences in Chinese dialects have been a continuing problem ever since China became an empire in 221 B．C．, and it is one big reason why the country has remained impoverished(贫穷)． Of the 600 million people who call themselves Chinese, all but a very small number speak Chinese．But the dialects vary so widely that the speech of Peking, for example, is as different from the speech o{ Canton as English is from German.
2．There is, to be sure, only one written language for all China, but it bears no phonetic(语言的)relationship to any of the spoken dialects．Moreover, it has so many symbols that only a tiny portion of the population has ever mastered it.
3．As a result, most Chinese have been isolated for centuries from a free flow of ideas and from the economic progress that such a flow produces．Many dynasties tried with little success to break down the wall．After recognizing the importance of having a literate people for working in a technological world and for developing an effective propaganda(宣传)machine, the present government is putting everything it has into tackling the language problem． But the obstacles are so formidable(难以应付的)that the results cannot yet be predicted.
4．At the heart the problem is the dialects．The dialects prevented the evolution of a single written language based on phonetics．Instead, the Chinese were forced to develop a system that has no relation to sound, and they have clung to it for more than 3,000 years.When this system is applied to a whole language, it results in an overwhelming number of symbols.
5．There are about 50,000 entries in a Chinese dictionary not counting the compounds(复合词)．In order to be literate, a Chinese must learn 6,000; to be moderately educated,12,000．An English-speaking child, having to conquer only a twenty-six-letter alphabet,has usually learned to read by the time he begins the third grade．A Chinese child needs at least five more years of elementary learning; in the seventh grade, he can barely read a Chinese newspaper.
A．Dealing with the Problem of Various Dialects
B．Difficulties in Learning Chinese
C．Features of Chinese Dialects
D．Differences in Chinese Dialects
E．Dialects as Heart of the Problem
F．Ways of the Government to Tackle the Problem
第 23 题 Paragraph 1____。
Chinese Dialects (方言)
The enormous differences in Chinese dialects have been a continuing problem ever since China became an empire in 221 B. C. , and it is one big reason why the country has remained impoverished (贫穷). Of the 600 million people who call themselves Chinese, all but a very small number speak Chinese. But the dialects vary so widely that the speech of Peking, for example, is as different from the speech of Canton as English is from German.
There is to be sure, only one written language for all China, but it bears no phonetic(语音的)relationship to any of the spoken dialects. Moreover, it has so many symbols that only a tiny portion of the population has ever mastered it.
As a result, most Chinese have been isolated for centuries from a free flow of ideas and from the economic progress that such a flow produces. Many dynasties tried with little success to break down the wall. After recognizing the importance of having a literate people for working in a technological world and for developing an effective propaganda(宣传) machine, the present government is putting everything into tackling the language problem. But the obstacles are so formidable(难以应付的) that the results cannot yet be predicted.
At the heart the problem is the dialects. The dialects' prevented the evolution of a single written language based on phonetics. Instead, the Chinese were forced to develop a system that has no relation to sound, and they have clung to it for more than 3, 000 years. When this system is applied to a whole language, it results in an overwhelming number of symbols.
There are about 50, 000 entries in a Chinese dictionary not counting the compounds(复合词). In order to be literate, a Chinese must learn 6, 000; to be moderately educated, 12, 000. An English-speaking child, having to conquer only a twenty-six-letter alphabet, has usually learned to read by the time he begins the third grade. A Chinese child needs at least five more years of elementary learning; in the seventh grade, he can barely read a Chinese newspaper.
A. Dealing with the Problem of Various Dialects
B. Difficulties in Learning Chinese
C. Features of Chinese Dialects
D. Differences in Chinese Dialects
E. Dialects as Heart of the Problem
F. Ways of the Government to Tackle the Problem
Paragraph 1______
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