The original issuer of a security is referred to as a borrower, and the purchaser is refer

red to as a lender. Most securities traded in the secondary markets belong to one of two broad classifications: bonds or stocks. Bonds are credit instruments redeemable in a given number of dollars and yielding a fixed return. Important characteristics of bonds include face (or par) value, maturity date, and coupon rate. Face values for most bonds are 5; 1 000, although some government issues have $ 10 000 face values. Face value represents the total amount of cash payable to the owner at the bond's maturity date, which can range from 1 to 30 years. Prior to maturity, yearly coupon payments equal to the coupon rate times the face value are paid. These coupons represent a profit to the bond owner. Coupon rates on newly issued bonds closely follow the level of interest rates in the economy. Once set in the initial primary market sale, however, the coupon on a given issue will not change in response to changing interest rates in the economy. Instead, the market price of the bond changes. When a bond's coupon rate is equal to the general level of interest rates prevailing in the economy, the bond's market price will be equal to its face value. When the coupon rate is higher than prevailing interest rates, the bond will sell at a premium over its face value. When the coupon rate is lower than prevailing interest rates, the bond will sell at a discount from its face value. Interest on bonds constitutes a legal obligation, and failure to pay it may result in bankruptcy.

Preferred stocks are similar to bonds in that they have stated face values (often 100) and a specified dividend payment (similar to a bond's coupon). They differ from bonds because they do not have a scheduled maturity date and because yearly dividends may remain unpaid for a few years without forcing the issuer into bankruptcy. Common stocks have no specified yearly cash payments or maturity date. These securities have an infinite life on which cash will be earned only if the issuer has satisfactory profits. Because the cash returns on bonds are the most certain, they are viewed as the least risky investment and provide the lowest expected rate of return. Preferred stocks are viewed as more risky than bonds and less risky than common stocks. Common stocks are the most risky and provide the largest expected returns.

A secondary market is where ______.

A．the original security issuers sells their securities.

B．the original lender trade securities with other people.

C．loans are borrowed and paid with interest.

D．bond and stocks are traded by the original borrowers and leaders.