Will Quality Eat up the US Lead in Software？

第1题

根据下列文章,请回答 31～35 题。 Will Quality Eat up the US Lead in Software？ If US sof

根据下列文章,请回答 31～35 题。

If US software companies don't pay more attention to quality, they could kiss their business good-bye. Both India and Brazil are developing a world-class software industry. Their weapon is quality and one of their jobs is to attract the top US quality specialists whose voices are not listened to in their country.

Already, of the world's 12 software houses that have earned the highest rating in the world, seven are in India. That's largely because they have used new methodologies rejected by American software specialists. For example, for decades, quality specialists, W. Edwards Doming and J. M. Juran had urged US software companies to change their attitudes to quality. But their quality call mainly fell on deaf ears in the US - but not in Japan. By the 1970s and 1980s, Japan was grabbing market share with better, cheaper products. They used Deming's and Juran's ideas to bring down the cost of good quality to as little as 5% of total production costs. In US factories, the cost of quality then was 10 times as high: 50%. In software, it still is.

Watts S. Humphrey spent 27 years at IBM heading up software production and then quality assurance. But his advice was seldom paid attention to. He retired frorn IBM in1986. In 1987, he-worked out a system for assessing and improving software quality. It has proved its value time and again. For example, in 1990 the cost of quality at Raytheon Electronics Systems was almost 60% of total software production costs. It fell to 15% in1996 and has since further dropped to below 10%.

Like Deming and Juran, Humphrey seems to be winning more praises overseas than at home. The Indian government and several companies have just founded the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute at the Software Technology Park in Chennai, India.

Let's hope that US lead in software will not be eaten up by its quality problems.

第 31 题 Which country has more highest-rating software companies in the world？

A．Germany.

B．The US.

C．Brazil.

D．India.

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第2题

Will Quality Eat up the U.S. Lead in Software？ If U. S. software companies don't pay

Will Quality Eat up the U.S. Lead in Software？

If U. S. software companies don't pay more attention to quality．they could kiss their business good-bye. Both India and Brazil are developing a world-class software industry. Their weapon is quality and one of their jobs is to attract the top U. S. quality specialists whose voices are not listened to in their country. Already． of the world's 12 software houses that have earned the highest rating in the world．seven are in India. That's largely because they have used new methodologies rejected by American software specialists. For example．for decades．quality specialists W. Edwards Deming and J. M. Juran had urged U.S. software companies to change their attitudes to quality. But their quality call mainly fell on deaf ears in the U. S. ．but not in Japan. By the 1970s and 1980s．Japan was grabbing market share with better．cheaper products. They used Deming's and Juran' s ideas to bring down the．cost of good quality to as little as 5% of total production costs. In U. S.factories．the cost of quality then was 10 times as high: 50%0. In software．it still is. Watts S. Humphrey spent 27 years at IBM heading up software production and then quality assurance. But his advice was seldom paid attention to.He retired from IBM in 1986. In t987．he worked out a system for assessing and improving software quality. It has proved its value time and again. For example．in 1990 the cost of quality at Raytheon Electronics Systems was almost 60% of total software production costs. It fell to 15% in 1996 and has since further dropped to below 10%. lake Deming and Juran． Humphrey seems to be winning more praises overseas than at home. The Indian government and several companies have just founded the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute at the Software Technology Park in Chennai．India. Let's hope that U. S. lead in software will not be eaten up by its quality problems.

第 41 题 What country has more highest-rating companies in the world than any other country has？

A．Germany.

B．The U．S.

C．Brazil

D．India

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第3题

Everyone knows that the favorite food in the United States is the hamburger. It seems impo

ssible, but people eat 34 billion hamburgers a year. This is enough to make a line of hamburgers around the world four times.

The favorite place to buy hamburgers is a fast-food restaurant. In these restaurants, people order their food, wait just a few minutes, and carry it to their tables themselves. They can eat it in the restaurant or take the food out and eat it at home, at work, or in a park. At some restaurants people can drive up beside a window. They order the food, and a worker hands it to them through the window. Then they eat in their cars.

Hamburgers are not the only kind of food that fast-food restaurants serve. Some serve fish, chicken, beef sandwiches, or Mexican food. They also serve fries, shakes (a drink made from milk and ice cream) , soft drinks and coffee.

Fast-food restaurants are very popular because the service is fast and the food is inexpensive. For many people, this is more important than quality of the food. These restaurants are also popular because the food is always the same. People have known that if they eat at a company' s restaurant in the north or south of the city, the food will be the same.

In a fast-food restaurant, people______.

A．stand up to eat

B．are served at table

C．eat in a hurry

D．serve themselves

The fast-food is convenient owing to the following factors except______.

A．it doesn't take you much time to have a meal

B．you can get a lot of salt and fat in your fast-food

C．you can take your order without leaving your car

D．you can take the food to anywhere you like

Fast-food restaurants are popular because______.

A．people are free to order their food

B．the quality of the food is good

C．it is cheaper and faster to have meals there

D．people can find fast-food restaurants everywhere

Which of the following sentences is not correct？

A．The service is fast and the food is cheap in fast-food restaurant.

B．Everyone likes eating fast food.

C．People can find the same food in all the restaurants.

D．People can take fast food out.

What" s the main idea of the passage？

A．Americans eat enough hamburgers to make a line around the world four times.

B．Fast-food restaurants are popular in the United States.

C．Some people can eat fast food in parks.

D．Mothers who work outside home often have meals in fast-food restaurants.

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第4题

Americans Eat Out More often and Less Healthfully Although food cooked at home is far more healthfu

Americans Eat Out More often and Less Healthfully

Although food cooked at home is far more healthful than meals eaten at restaurants, Americans are dining out more than ever, the U.S. Agriculture Department said Tuesday.Restaurant food accounted for([在数量，比例方面] 占) 39 percent of U.S. meals bought in 1996, up from 26 percent in 1970, the department said in a report, ``Away-From-Home Foods Increasingly Important to Quality of American Diet.'' ``While(尽管)the nutritional quality(营养质量)of foods consumed by Americans has improved overall, foods prepared at home are generally much more healthful than away-from-home foods,'' the department said. ``Despite nutritional gains at home, Americans will find it difficult to improve their diets because they purchase so many meals outside the home,'' the study said. While (尽管)the nutritional content of food prepared both at home and in restaurants has improved in recent years, food eaten out contains more of the nutrients Americans typically(一般地；通常)eat too much of, including fat and saturated fat(饱和脂肪), and less of what is lacking from most diets, such as calcium, fiber and iron. The department recommended nutrition education programs should place more emphasis on teaching U.S. consumers about how to order healthful meals when dining out. Improved diets have been found to prevent risk of heart disease, stroke(中风), cancer, diabetes(糖尿病), osteoporosis-related hip fractures(与骨质疏松症有关的髋关节骨折) and neural tube birth defects(神经管先天缺损). Osteoporosis-related hip fractures cost up to ＄10.6 billion each year in the United States in medical care expenses, missed work and premature deaths(早亡), the department said.

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第5题

Everyone knows that the favorite food in the United States is the hamburger. It seemsi

mpossible, but people eat 34 million hamburgers a year. This is enough to make a lineof hamburger around the world four times. The favorite place to buy a hamburger is afast-food restaurant. In these restaurants, people order their food, wait just a fewminutes, and carry it to their tables themselves. They can eat it in the restaurant ortake the food out and eat it at home, at work, or in the park. At some restaurantspeople can drive up beside a window. They order the food, and o worker hands it to themthrough the window. Then they eat it in their cars. Hamburgers are not the only kind offood that fast-food restaurants serve. Some serve fish, chicken, beef sandwiches, orMexican food. They also serve fries (French fired potatoes), shakes (a drink made from milk and ice cream), soft drinks, and coffee. Fast-food restaurants are very popular because the service is fast and the food is inexpensive. For many people, this is more important than quality of the food. These restaurants are also popular because the food is always the same. People know that if they eat at a company’s restaurant in the north or south of the city, the food will be the same. If they eat in New York or San Francisco, it will still be the same. Fast service and low cost are important in the United States. One reason is that about 50 percent of all married women with children work outside the home. They are too busy and too tired to cook dinner every night. Is the food at fast-food restaurants good for you？ In general, it is all right, except

that it has too much fat and salt. One thing is sure. People will continue to eat fast foods. In fact, now there are fast-food restaurants in countries all over the world.

1. In a fast-food restaurant, people ___________________.

A. stand up to eat

B. are served at table

C. eat in a hurry

D. serve themselves

2. Usually fast food is rich in _____________________.

A. sugar and milk

B. salt and fat

C. meat and salt

D. beef and meat

3. Fast-food restaurants are popular because _____________________.

A. people are free to order their food

B. the quality of the food is good

C. it is cheaper and faster to have meals there

D. people can find fast food restaurants everywhere

4. Which of the following sentences is NOT correct？

A. The service is fast and the food is cheap in fast-food restaurants.

B. More people like eating fast food.

C. People can find the same food in all the restaurants.

D. People can take fast food out.

5. What’s the main idea of the passage？

A. Americans eat enough hamburgers to make a line around the world four times.

B. Fast-food restaurants are popular in the United States.

C. Some people can eat fastfood in parks.

D. Mothers who work outside home often have meals in fast-food

restaurants.

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第6题

Most people would be 【21】______by the high quality of medicine 【22】______to most Americans

Most people would be 【21】______ by the high quality of medicine 【22】______ to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of 【23】______ to the individual, a 【24】______ amount of advanced technical equipment, and 【25】______ effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must 【26】______ in the courts if they 【27】______ things badly.

But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in 【28】______ health care is organized and 【29】______ . 【30】______ to pubic belief it is not just a free competition system. The private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not 【31】______ the less fortunate and the elderly.

But even with this huge public part of the system, 【32】______ this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollars—more than 10 percent of the U.S. Budget—large number of Americans are left 【33】______ . These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits 【34】______ income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can.

The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control 【35】______ the health system. There is no 【36】______ to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate persons concerned can do is 【37】______ up. Two thirds of the population 【38】______ covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want 【39】______ that the insurance company will pay the bill.

The rising cost of medicine in the U. S. A. is among the most worrying problems facing the country. In 1981 the country's health bill climbed 15.9 percent—about twice as fast as prices 【40】______ general.

【21】

A．compressed

B．impressed

C．obsessed

D．repressed

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第7题

Most people would be 【21】______by the high quality of medicine 【22】______to most Americans

Most people would be 【21】______ by the high quality of medicine 【22】______ to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of 【23】______ to the individual, a 【24】______ amount of advanced technical equipment, and 【25】______ effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must 【26】______ in the courts if they 【27】______ things badly.

But the Americans are in a mess. The problem is the way in 【28】______ health care is organized and 【29】______ . 【30】______ to public belief it is not just a free competition system. Besides the private system there has been a large public system, because private care was simply not 【31】______ the less fortunate and the elderly. But even with this huge public part of the system, 【32】______ this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollars--mom than 10 per cent of the U. S. Budget--large numbers of Americans are left 【33】______ . These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits 【34】______ income fixed by a government trying to make savings wherever they can.

The basic problem, however, is that them is no central control 【35】______ the health system. There is no 【36】______ to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed. When faced with toothache, a heart attack, or a sick child, all the unfortunate person concerned can do is 【37】______ up. Two thirds of the population 【38】______ covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want 【39】______ that the insurance, company will pay the bill. The rising cost of medicine in the U. S. A. is among the most worrying problems facing the country. In 1981 the country's health bill climbed 15.9 per cent--about twice as fast as prices 【40】______ general.=

【21】

A．compressed

B．impressed

C．obsessed

D．repressed

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第8题

根据材料请回答 51～65 题 Most people would be 51 by the high quality of medicine 52 to m

根据材料请回答 51～65 题

Most people would be 51 by the high quality of medicine 52 to most Americans.

There is a great deal of attention to the individual, a 53 amount of advanced technical e-quipment, and intense efforts not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doc-tors and hospitals must face in the courts if they 54 things badly.

But the Americans are in a mess.The problem is the way in 55 health care is organ-ized and financed. 56 to public belief it is not just a free competition system.To the pri-vate system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not__57 the less fortunate and the elderly.

But even with this huge public part of the system, 58 this year will eat up 84.5 bil-lion dollars more than 10 per cent of the U.S, budget large numbers of Americans are left 59 .These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits 60 income fixed by a government trying to make savings where it can.

The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control 61 the health sys-tem.There is no 62 to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climbed.When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate person concerned can do is pay up.

Two-thirds of the population 63 covered by medical insurance.Doctors charge as much as they want, 64 that the insurance company will pay the bill.The rising cost of medicine in the U.S.

A is among the most worrying problems fa-cing the country.In 1981 the country's health bill climbed 15.9 per cent about twice as fast as prices 65 general.

第 51 题

A．compressed

B．impressed

C．obsessed

D．repressed

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第9题

I Never Thought It Could Happen to Me

"I thought I had planned for everything." These are the words of a flood victim—they could be yours.

Thousands of people every year find out that it CAN happen.

Are you prepared for a flood？ Did you know you don't have to live close to water to become a flood victim？ De you have flood insurance？

You need to know the answers to these questions, because the terrifying truth is that floods can happen anywhere, anytime.

Flood insurance is the best way to protect you before the flood hits. Flood damage often goes way beyond that of house and home. Flood victims not only lose their homes and treasured possessions, but rebuilding costs also eat up life savings, retirement funds and children's college education.

You can protect yourself-through the National Flood Insurance Program. We have one mission: to restore the quality of life of flood victims as soon as possible. For more information, call your insurance company, agent or 1-800-611-6122, ext. 24.

"I" in the title refers to【46】.

You should know the truth that flood can happen【47】.

The advertisement is directed towards【48】.

According to its introduction, any one can protect himself through【49】.

The mission of the company is to【50】.

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