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The word "admonition" in paragraph 4 means ______.
A．hint
B．interpretation
C．examination
D．warning
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In whatever situation men can be placed, they may find conveniences and inconveniencies; in whatever company, they may find persons and conversation more or less pleasing; at whatever table, they may meet with meats or drinks of better and worse taste, dishes better or worse dressed; in whatever climate they will find good and bad weather; under whatever government, they may find good and bad laws, and good and bad administration of those laws; in every poem or work of genius they may see faults and beauties; in almost every face and every person, they may discover fine features and effects, good and bad qualities.
Under these circumstances, the two kinds of people above mentioned fix their attention, those who are to be happy, on the conveniences of things, the pleasant parts of conversation, the well-dressed dishes, the goodness of the wines, the fine weather, and enjoy all with cheerfulness. Those who are to be unhappy, think and speak only of the contraries. Hence they are continually discontented themselves, and by their remarks sour the pleasures of society, offend personally many people, and make themselves everywhere disagreeable. If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The tendency to criticize and to be disgusted is perhaps taken up originally by imitation, and is unawares grown into a habit, which at present strong may nevertheless be cured when those who have it are convinced of its bad effects on their felicity.
I hope this little admonition may be of service to them, and put them on changing a habit, which in the exercise is chiefly an act of imagination yet has serious consequences in life, as it brings on real grieves and misfortunes. For many are offended, nobody loves this sort of people, no one shows them more than the most common civility and respect, and scarcely that; and this frequently puts them out of humor, and draws them into disputes and contentions. If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes them success, or will stir a step, or speak a word, to favor their pretensions. If they incur public censure or disgrace, no one will defend or excuse, and many join to aggravate their misconduct, and render them completely odious. If these people will not change this bad habit, and condescend to be pleased with what is pleasing, without fretting themselves and others about the contraries, it is good for others to avoid an acquaintance with them, which is always disagreeable, and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one finds one's self entangled in their quarrels.
An old philosophical friend of mine grown from experience, was very cautious in this particular, and carefully avoided any intimacy with such people. He had, like other philosophers, a thermometer to show him the heat of the weather, and a barometer to mark when it was likely to prove good or bad; but, there being no instrument invented to discover, at first sight, this unpleasing disposition in a person. He for that purpose made use of his legs, one of which was remarkably handsome, the other, by some accident, crooked and deformed. If a stranger, at the first interview, regarded his ugly leg more than his handsome one, he doubted him. If he spoke of it, took no notice of the handsome leg, that was sufficient to determine my philosopher to have no further acquaintance with him. Every body has not this two-legged instrument, but every one with a little attention, may observe signs of that carping, faultfinding disposition, and take the same resolution of avoiding the acquaintance of those infected with it. I therefore advise those critical, querulous, dis
A．their comforts of life
B．their minds
C．their feelings
D．their health and wealth
Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the boss' job to worry about the wellbeing of his subordinates although the man with many enemies will be swept out more quickly in hard times; it is the company he worries about. His business savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of his company and the industry so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase. At the very top--and on the way up--executives are exceedingly dedicated.
The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual.
Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits. His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields. Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.
These days, he probably attempts some form. of aerobic exercise to "keep the old heart in shape" and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances are thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running. But his doctor's admonition to "take it easy" falls on deaf eyes. He likes to work. He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.
Corporate head-hunting, carried on by "executive search firms", is a growing industry. America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each other's managerial ranks.
We can infer from the second paragraph that ______.
A．promotion depends on amiability
B．chief executives do not work hard enough at the top level
C．it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his subordinates
D．a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the industry
Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers. It is not the boss's job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies will be swept out more quickly in hard times; it is the company he worries about. His business savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of his company and the industry so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase. At the very top and on the way up—executives are exceedingly dedicated.
The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual. Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits. His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields. Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.
These days, he probably attempts some form. of aerobic exercise to "keep the old heart in shape" and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running. But his doctor's admonition to "take it easy" falls on deaf ears. He likes to work. He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.
Corporate head-hunting, carried on by "executive search firms," is a growing industry. America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each other's managerial ranks.
We can infer from the second paragraph that ______.
A．promotion depends on amiability
B．chief executives do not work hard enough at the top level
C．it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his subordinates
D．a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the industry
Let's analyze this remarkably unsophisticated metaphor concerning love and the rose to see what it offers. Because the poet uses a comparison with a rose, first we must examine the characteristics of that flower. A rose is spectacular in its beauty, its petals (花瓣) are nicely soft,and its smell is pleasing. It's possible to say that a rose is actually a feast to the senses of sight,touch, and smell. The rose's appearance seems to border on perfection, each petal seemingly symmetrical in form. Isn't this the way one's love should be？ A loved one should be a delight to one's senses and seem perfect. However, there is another dimension added to the comparison by using a rose. Roses have thorns. The poet wants to convey the idea that roses can be tricky.So can love, the metaphor tells us. When one reaches out with absolute trust to touch the object of his or her affection, ouch, a thorn can cause great harm! "Be careful," the metaphor warns: Love is a feast to the senses, but it can overwhelm us, and it can also hurt us and cause acute suffering. This is the poet's perception of love—all admonition (劝诫). What is the point？Just this: It took almost 14 sentences to clarify what a simple metaphor communicates in only four words! That is the artistry and the joy of the simple metaphor.
According to the passage, what is a metaphor？
A．A comparison between two different objects with similar features.
B．A contrast between two different things to create a vivid image.
C．A description of two similar objects in a poetic way.
D．A literary device specially employed in poetry writing.
But there are contradictions that intrude on this denunciatory atmosphere. If there are moral omissions in the society, they cannot be sealed by instant, slenderly based attacks on entertainment. The plain fain fact is we are rearranging our priorities in the wrong way.
We are today misplacing our energies and our funding by directing all sorts of incentives to high schools and colleges. Too late. The moral scaffolding has been built by then, for better or worse. How then to begin this revision of life conduct？ We must introduce in pre-school, and keep alive through grade five, a new school course.
The course could be titled, "What is right, and what is plainly wrong." For 30 minutes each day, the teacher would illuminate for these very young children what William Faulkner labeled "the old verities," the words that construct and implement the daily moral grind in every durable society must engage if it is to be judged a "just" society.
These are words like duty, honor, service, integrity, pity, pride, compassion and sacrifice, plus the clear admonition that violence is wrong. To the teaching of the meaning of those words must be added that cleansing rule of treating other people as you would want them to treat you. And most of all to make sure that these kids understand with growing clarity that home, school and church are the sanctuaries for their later life.
There is a grand simplicity to this kind of school course. It enters a child's mind early, burrowing deep into those recesses of the human brain that even today advanced medical science has not been able to penetrate.
If you ask enough people, you will find that most of us remember our first-or second-grade teacher. I remember Miss Corbett had Miss Walker, who read to us before we really understood, but the words had weight and allure. We listened and, without really knowing it, we learned and saved what we learned. Perhaps it was because what we heard in those early school years was the first entry into our learning vessel.
Absent this kind of early instruction, absent the building of this moral shield, no congressional law, no presidential executive order, no fiery rhetoric will salvage a child's conduct nor locate a missing moral core.
According to the author, some politicians attribute the society's deteriorated moral values to ______.
A．deficient values
B．denunciatory atmosphere
C．improper entertainment
D．wrong priorities
But there are contradictions that intrude on this denunciatory atmosphere. If there are moral omissions in the society, they cannot be sealed by instant, slenderly based attacks on entertainment. The plain fact is we are rearranging our priorities in the wrong way.
We are today misplacing our energies and our funding by directing all sorts of incentives to high schools and colleges. Too late. The moral scaffolding has been built by then, for better or worse. How then to begin this revision of life conduct？ We must introduce in pre-school, and keep alive through grade five, a new school course.
The course could be titled, "What is right, and what is plainly wrong." For 30 minutes each day, the teacher would illuminate for these very young children what William Faulkner labeled "the old verities," the words that construct and implement the daily moral grind in which every durable society must engage if it is to be judged a "just" society.
These are words like duty, honor, service, integrity, pity, pride, compassion and sacrifice, plus the clear admonition that violence is wrong. To the teaching of the meaning of those words must be added that cleansing rule of treating other people as you would want them to treat you. And most of all to make sure that these kids understand with growing clarity that home, school and church are the sanctuaries for their later life.
There is a grand simplicity to this kind of school course. It enters a child's mind early, burrowing deep into those recesses of the human brain that even today advanced medical science has not been able to penetrate.
If you ask 'enough people, you will find that most of us remember our first- or second-grade teacher. I remember Miss Corbett and Miss Walker, who read to us before we really understood, but the words had weight and allure. We listened and, without really knowing it, we learned and saved what we learned. Perhaps it was because what we heard in those early school years was the first entry into our learning vessel.
Absent this kind of early instruction, absent the building of this moral shield, no congressional law, no presidential executive order, no fiery rhetoric will salvage a child's conduct nor locate a missing moral core.
According to the author, some politicians attribute the society's deteriorated moral values to ______.
A．deficient values
B．denunciatory atmosphere
C．improper entertainment
D．wrong priorities
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