题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
Environmental engineers' work is to
A．design new kind of cars, buses and trucks that will not pollute the air
B．protect the environment
C．produce cars that will not pollute the air
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更多“Environmental engineers' work is toA．design new kind of cars, buses and trucks that will n”相关的问题
The main purpose of changing main engine to electronic controlled is not to .
A.control fuel injection time more precisely
B.control fuel injection rate more precisely
C.meet the environmental requirements
D.meet high engine speed requirements
听力原文：W: Hi, Mike.
M: Hi. I'm surprised to see you on the city bus. Why not drive your car？
W: (23)I've been thinking about the environment lately. If we all use public transportation when we could, the air will be much cleaner.
M: Right. But the bus isn't exactly pollution free.
W: True. But they'll be running a lot cleaner soon, We were just talking about that in my environmental engineering class.
M: What's the city going to do？ Install pollution filters of some sort on their buses？
W: They could, but those filters make the engines work harder and really cut down on fuel efficiency. Instead they found a way to make their engines more efficient.
M: How？
W: Well, (24)there is a material called the coniine oxide. It's a really good insulator. And a thick coat of it gets sprayed on the certain part of the engine.
M: An insulator？
W: Yes. (25)It reflects back the heat of burning fuel. So the fuel will burn much hotter and burn up more completely.
M: So a lot less unburned fuel comes out to pollute the air, right？
W: Yeah, and the bus will need less fuel. So with the savings on fuel cost, they say this will all pay for itself in just six months.
M: Sounds like people should all go out and get this stuff to spray their car engines.
W: Well, not really that easy. To melt the materials before you can spray a coat of it on the engine parts, you first have to heat it over 10,000 degrees. It's not something we are able to do ourselves.
(20)
A．Something is wrong with her car.
B．The cost of the fuel is high.
C．It's cheap to take bus.
D．She thinks public transportation is environmental friendly.
听力原文：M: Hi Diana, mind if I sit down？
W: Not at all, Jerry. How have you been？
M: Good. But I'm surprised to see you on the city bus. Your car in the shop？
W: No. I've just been thinking a lot about the environment lately. So I decided the air will be a lot cleaner if we all use public transportation when we could.
M: I'm sure you are right. The diesel bus isn't exactly pollution free.
W: True. But they'll be running a lot cleaner soon. We were just talking about that in my environmental engineering class.
M: What's the city gonna do？ Install pollution filters of some sort on their buses？
W: They could, but those filters make the engines work harder and really cut down on fuel efficiency. Instead they found a way to make their engines more efficient.
M: How？
W: Well, there is a material called the coniine oxide. It's a really good insulator. And a thick coat of it get sprayed on the certain part of the engine.
M: An insulator？
W: Well, yeah. Actually, what it does is reflect back the heat of burning fuel. So the fuel will burn much hotter and burn up more completely.
M: So a lot less unburned fuel comes out to pollute the air, right？
W: Yeah, and the bus will need less fuel. So with the savings on fuel cost, they say this will all pay for itself in just six months.
M: Sounds like people should all go out and get some this stuff to spray their car engines.
W: Well, it's not really that easy. You see, normally, the materials are fine powder. To melt it so you can spray a coat of it on the engine parts, you first have to heat it over 10,000 degrees and then, well, you get the idea. It's not something you or I be able to do ourselves.
(35)
A．A new fuel for buses.
B．The causes of air pollution.
C．A way to improve fuel efficiency in buses.
D．Careers in environmental engineering.
听力原文：M: Hi, Diana. Mind if I sit down？
W: Not at all, Jack. How have you been？
M: Good. But I'm surprised to see you on the city bus. Your car in the shop？
W: No. I've just been thinking a lot about the environment lately. So I decided the air will be a lot cleaner if we all use public transportation when we could.
M: I'm sure you are right. The diesel bus isn't exactly pollution free.
W: True. But they'll be running a lot cleaner soon. We were just talking about that in my environmental engineering class.
M: What's the city gonna do？ Install pollution filters of some sort on their buses？
W: They could, but those filters make the engines work harder and really cut down on fuel efficiency. Instead they found a way to make their engines more efficient.
M: How？
W: Well, there is a material called coniine oxide. It's a really good insulator. And a thick coat of it get sprayed on certain part of the engine.
M: An insulator？
W: Well, yeah. Actually, what it does is reflect back the heat of burning fuel. So the fuel will burn much hotter and burn up more completely.
M: So a lot less unburned fuel comes out to pollute the air, right？
W: Yeah, and the bus will need less fuel. So with the savings on fuel oil costs, they say this will all pay for itself in just six months.
M: Sounds like people should all go out and get some of this stuff to spray on their car engines.
W: Well, it's not really that easy. You see, normally, the materials are fine powder. To melt it so you can spray a coat of it on the engine parts, you first have to heat it over 10,000 degrees and then, well, you get the idea. It's not something you or I would be able to do ourselves.
(23)
A．A new fuel for buses.
B．The causes of air pollution.
C．Careers in environmental engineering.
D．A way to improve fuel efficiency in buses.
Cars Are Good for the Environment, Honest
Britain's motor industry is planning a major publicity campaign to counter what it sees as an official anti-car bias and to improve the environmental image of the cars, according to documents leaked to the pressure group. Friends of the Earth (FOE). 46 .
The internal document which was produced last month by the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, says that the “ultimate objective of the campaign must be to protect the longterm commercial freedom of the motor industry and the lifestyle. freedom of car users”.
47 . European car manufacturers have already agreed with the European Commission to reduce CO2 emissions from new cars by 25 per cent to target of 140 grams per kilometre by 2008.
However, the document also reveals that the industry is some way from meeting the target. 48 .
To help control these emissions, the government has proposed replacing the flat rate annual tax on cars with a tax related to engine size so that owners of large gas-guzzler(耗油量大的汽车)would pay more than owners of small cars. 49 .
Richard Barnet, the society's media manager, says:“We will work with the government to practise a practical system. ” 50 .
A The campaign will highlight the motor industry’s efforts to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)
B But the motor industry opposes taxes on persons owning cars preferring taxes on use
C The five-year campaign could cost up to ￡12 million
D The reason why cars are good for the environment is obvious
E But Ian Willmore of FOE says the industry “may pose as partners of the government, but its real intention is to frustrate serious attempts to reduce traffic levels”
F For example, last year's new cars exceed an average of 192 grams per kilometre — some 37 percent above the target
听力原文：W: Hello？
M: Hi, Amy. This is Bill Johns.
W: Oh hi, Bill. You weren't in engineering class today, weren't you？
M: I have the flu. I was wondering if you could tell me what went on.
W: Actually we had an interesting class. Dr. Collin talked about a new type of fuel.
M: Oh, yeah？
W: Uhhum, It's called Dimethyl ether or DME.
M: Oh, I remember reading something about DME. It's mostly used in spray cans,, right？
W: Right, DME doesn't destroy the ozone, so it is environmental friendly.
M: But doesn't DME pollute the air if it's burned in an engine？
W: Dr. Collin said something about its exhaust being dean, that it doesn't re lease as much pollutant as diesel fuel. And he mentioned something about DME being more efficient than other alternative fuels.
M: When will it replace diesel fuel？
W: Not for a while. It's not economical to massproduce.
M: Well, thanks for the information. I guess I won't need to borrow your notes.
W: Well, maybe you should look at them. We are having a test next week.
M: Okay, could you give them to Mike Andrews？ I think he is in your psychology class. He is my roommate.
W: Sure. I hope you're feeling better soon.
M: Thanks. Me too. Bye!
W: Bye!
(20)
A．He lost his notes.
B．He missed the class.
C．He is doing research on alternative fuels.
D．He's studying for a test.
Energy Crisis
One key question for the next century is how we provide energy in an environmentally sound way.
As living standards rise in the developing world, energy consumption will increase. As a result, many countries are now opening the door for private investment in a sector that used once to be solely the preserve of government.
In the developed world, the move is towards the deregulation and privatization of electricity generation and distribution. There is also a trend towards locally-generated energy, particularly in the developing world. Factories and shopping centers may one day have their own power sources.
Progress is also being made in minimizing the environmental impact of energy production and consumption. A motor car today puts out perhaps 5 percent of the pollution a new car did in 1970. We can produce clean power too but it costs, so in the new millennium(一千年) we're to some extent going to have the environment we can afford.
The spectre of scarce or impossibly expensive energy is no longer with us, thanks to a combination of opening up new regions of the world and new technologies. Shortage is very unlikely. Environmental considerations mean there is a seriousness too about alternative energy sources that wasn't there ten years ago.
Right now the fuel cell is at the top of the list of alternative technologies. Advances in turbine transportation mean that natural gas is going to have an ever-increasing role. Nuclear power may prove competitive enough to have a much longer life than many expect, but until there's a major change in public sentiment, I don't expect to see much new nuclear construction.
Will the grip of oil on personal transportation continue？ Sports utility vehicles like Land Rovers and jeeps are hardly the perfect means of urban transport. But people have become very attached to their automobiles. So until we get around to technology where we beam ourselves around, I suspect we'll continue to have them. Some may be electric; others could run on cleaner oil-based fuel or natural gas.
One area which is certainly not clear is the impact of the internet on transport. On the one hand, you will be able to accomplish by sitting in front of a screen what you used to have to go to the airport for, on the otherhand, increased knowledge may well fuel a rising demand for travel. We are only at the beginning of a revolution that is already being called a bigger revolution than the internal combustion engine(内燃机).
Which of the following is true about the use of energy？ ______
A．In the developing countries, there is a trend toward locally-generated energy.
B．In the developed world, clean power is used in motor cars.
C．A motorcar today puts out perhaps 5 times of the pollution a new car did in 1970.
D．Factories and shopping centers are able to have their own power sources.
As living standards rise in the developing world, energy consumption will increase. As a result, many countries are now opening the door for private investment in a sector that used to be solely the preserve of government.
In the developed world too, the move is towards the deregulation end privatization of electricity generation and distribution. There is also a trend towards locally-generated energy, particularly in the developing world. Factories and shopping centers may one day have their own power sources.
Progress is also being made in minimising the environmental impact of energy production and consumption. A motor car today puts out perhaps 5 percent of the pollution a new car did in 1970. We can produce clean power too— but it costs, so to some extent, in the new millennium(一千年) we're going to have the environment we can afford.
The spectre of scarce or impossibly expensive energy is no longer with us. thanks to a combination of opening up new regions of the world and new technologies. Shortage is very unlikely. Environmental considerations mean there is a seriousness too about alternative energy sources that wasn't there ten years ago.
Right now the fuel cell is at the top of the list of alternative technologies. Advances in turbine transportation mean that natural gas is going to have an ever-increasing role. Nuclear power may prove competitive enough to have a much longer life than many expect, but until there's a major change in public sentiment, I don't expect m see much new nuclear construction.
Will the grip of oil on personal transportation continue？ Sport-utility vehicles like Land Rovers and Jeeps are hardly the perfect means of urban transport. But people have become very attached to their automobiles. So until we get around to technology where we beam ourselves around. I suspect we'll continue to have them.
One area which is certainly not clear is the impact of the Internet on transportation. On the one hand, you will be able to accomplish by sitting in front of a screen what you used to have to go to the airport for: on the other, increased knowledge may well fuel a rising demand for travel. We are only at the beginning of a revolution that is already being called a bigger revolution than the internal combustion engine (内燃机).
Which of the following is true about the use of energy？
A．In the developing countries, there is a trend toward locally-generated energy.
B．In the developed world, clean power is used in motor ears.
C．A motor car today puts out perhaps 5 times of the pollution a new car did in 1970.
D．Factories and shopping centers are able to have their own power sources.
The ports themselves reckon they are responsible for about 12% of all the diesel particle emissions and 45% of the sulphur oxides (硫的 氧化物) in southern California. Carried east by prevailing winds, such pollutants help to create some of America's worst air more than 50 miles inland. Those who live close to the freeways leading out of the ports suffer the most. Researchers have found that children living within a few hundred meters of such roads are not only more likely to suffer from asthma, a disease of the breathing system and characterized by sudden recurring attacks of labored breathing, and coughing. They actually have smaller lungs.
The most ambitious effort to control pollution, and the one that may affect the local economy most drastically, involves truckers. Some 16,000 lorries currently haul containers between ships and warehouses, most of whom are owned by Hispanic immigrants. The drivers put in long hours: 13 a day is not unusual, according to a survey. They earn, on average, just under $35,000 a year. Such jobs, like many connected to the port, are an important stepping-stone on the path to the middle class.
The ports want to remove the oldest trucks and gradually upgrade the others so that, within five years, the fleet emits four-fifths less pollution than at present. To help pay for this, they intend to levy (征收-) a fee of $34 to $54 on every “dirty” vehicle entering the port. Most important, they want to turn a large, unwieldy network of independent contractors into a more orderly group of companies, as happens in an airport. “We need to have more control,” explains Geraldine Knatz, the head of Los Angeles' port.
The reforms do nonetheless pose a threat to the ports' competitiveness. At present, the truckers who work at the docks are price-takers, not price-setters. Because they are self-employed, they are almost impossible to unionize, and consequently have little bargaining power. All that could quite easily change if they were to become the employees of a few large firms. Indeed, the most enthusiastic welcome for the ports' plans has come not from environmental groups but from the Teamsters' union.
第31题：What is the passage mainly about？
［A］The consequences of shipping industry in southern California.
［B］The causes of pollution along the coast of southern California.
［C］The pollution problem of the shipping industry in southern California.
［D］The role of shipping industry in southern California's economy.
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