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提问人：网友wadehua9742 发布时间：2022-01-07
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The creation of a universal language uniting all mankind is an idea that has interested sc

holars for several centuries. It is an exciting idea! Imagine a language which can break down the barriers that tend to separate the different peoples of the world. The idea has not been left to gather dust. Various attempts have been made to invent such a language. The most widely known invented language, Esperanto, has about one million speakers, but very few speakers use it as their everyday language. Considering that the world population is already over four billion, this is not a truly popular universal language. In fact, no invented language has ever been widely accepted.

The suggestion has been made that a true universal language exists already. Margaret Mead, among others, recently proposed that sign language is the universal language pat excellence. According to this claim, sign language is not only universal, but easy to learn. It could, therefore, be used by anyone for world-wide communication.

This proposal was made also by early writers on sign language, such as the Abbe de I' Epee, the French priest who founded public education for the deaf late in the 18th century, and Remy Valade, who wrote the first grammar book on French Sign Language in 1854. These authors believed that sign language imitates objects and events and presents them as they occur in nature, just as an artist paints the scene in front of him.

According to de. I' Epee and Valade, there is one Sign Language, which is a natural language uniting deaf people everywhere in the world. They suggested that if hearing people learned to communicate in sign language, the world would have an excellent, ready-made universal language.

However, even a brief look at the known sign languages of the world invalidates this contention. American Sign Language, British Sign Language, Japanese Sign Language, Danish Sign Language, and other sign languages differ from each other as much as spoken languages differ. Just like different spoken languages, different sign languages are mutually unintelligible. For instance, a deaf person from Britain, who knows only his own sign language, cannot understand two deaf Americans signing to each other in ASL.

Today, linguists who study ASL believe that it is "natural" in the same sense that English, French, and Russian are natural languages. Every natural language plays an important role in the day-to-day life of the people who use it, providing a group of people with a means for communicating with each other as well as a means for passing on knowledge from generation to generation. Constantly changing, natural languages adapt to meet the new conditions and particular needs of subgroups of the community. It is through change and adapration that natural languages show their life.

On the other hand, a language such as Esperanto, invented to be a universal system, lacks the community roots so identifiable in natural languages. With the form. of the language determined at the time of its invention, such a language remains changeless. Like a plastic flower, it has only the appearance of life.

A universal language is a language that ______.

A．has millions of speakers

B．is easy to learn

C．can present objects and events vividly

D．is shared by all human beings

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更多“The creation of a universal language uniting all mankind is an idea that has interested sc”相关的问题
第1题
The creation of UN was, perhaps, the most______achievement of the 20th century.A．obscureB．

The creation of UN was, perhaps, the most______achievement of the 20th century.

A．obscure

B．notable

C．acute

D．objective

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第2题
The creation of UN was, perhaps, the most ______ achievement of the 20th century.A．obscure

The creation of UN was, perhaps, the most ______ achievement of the 20th century.

A．obscure

B．notable

C．acute

D．objective

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第3题
The creation of UN was, perhaps, the most ______ achievement of the 20th, century.A．obscur

The creation of UN was, perhaps, the most ______ achievement of the 20th, century.

A．obscure

B．notable

C．acute

D．objective

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第4题
The international regulation of radioactive substances with the establishment in 1955 by t
he UN General Assembly of the Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), followed by the creation of the International Atomic Energy Agency.

A、commenced

B、accorded

C、applied

D、provided

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第5题
According to the passage, which of the following would worry the critics the most？A．The un

According to the passage, which of the following would worry the critics the most？

A．The unanticipated explosion of population.

B．The creation of biological solar cells.

C．The accidental spill of oil.

D．The unexpected release of destructive microbes.

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第6题
According to the passage, which of the following would worry the critics the most？A．The un

According to the passage, which of the following would worry the critics the most？

A．The unanticipated explosion of population.

B．The creation of biological solar cells.

C．The accidental spill of oil.

D．The unexpected release of destructive nficrobes.

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第7题
听力原文： The United Nations Nuclear Agency says Iran has started enriching uranium at an
underground facility. The International Atomic Energy Agency also says Iran has set up more than 1,000 centrifuges for enrichment at the plant. The IAEA made the claim in a confidential document. The enrichment process can be used to create fuel for nuclear reactors or in the creation of nuclear weapons. U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates says diplomatic efforts to isolate Iran for its nuclear program are working. Gates says two UN Security Council resolutions imposing sanctions on Tehran for its refusal to stop enriching uranium should be given a chance to work.

What is the news mainly about？

A．An investigation about Iran.

B．An investigation about the U. S.

C．Iran's national safety.

D．National defense of the U. S.

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第8题
The United Nations Impressive as the modern network of international organization and econ

The United Nations

Impressive as the modern network of international organization and economic agreements may seem on the surface, it has not even come close to ridding the international community of quarrels and national conflicts. Many scholars and statesmen, in fact, have argued that peace and interdependence could best be promoted by one overriding organization rather than by many small international organizations. The supreme effort to found such an organization was the creation of the United Nations.

Key Points in the ON Charter

Precisely how these responsibilities were conceptualized was spelled out in Chapter VII of the UN Charter, titled "Action with Respect to Threats to Peace, Breaches of the Peace, and Acts of Aggression." Article 39 of this chapter specifies that "the Security Council shall determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression and shall make recommendations, or decide what measure shall be taken in accordance with Articles 40 and 42, to maintain or restore international peace and security." Subsequent articles spell out how the Security Council was expected to discharge its obligations. Article 41 deals with economic sanctions, including "complete or partial interruption of economic relations and of rail, sea, air, postal, telegraphic, radio, and other means of communication, and the severance of diplomatic relations." Article 42 contemplates situations in which economic sanctions may be inadequate: in such cases, the Security Council "may take action by air, sea, or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security. Such action may include demonstrations, blockade, and other operations by air, sea, or land forces of Members of the United Nations." Other articles in Chapter VII deal with organizing the military components of full fledged collective security system, including the establishment of a Military Staff Committee.

The machinery of international peacekeeping outlined by these articles far surpassed the comparable machinery of the League of Nations. Moreover, the UN was intended to go well beyond merely maintaining peace and security, as the establishment of its so-called specialized agencies revealed. Through these agencies, the UN plays an important role in worldwide disaster relief, resettlement of refugees, technical assistance in the areas of food and agriculture, health concerns, and many other areas. In addition, the world body actively promotes a higher world standard of living through agencies such as International Children's Emergency Fund. Finally, financial and developmental assistance has been extended to economically troubled states through the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Glancing at a List of the UN's specialized agencies makes it clear that the UN was committed from the outset to promoting world welfare as well as preventing world war.

However, the UN Charter was not designed as a blueprint for a world government. Article 2, paragraph 7, of the charter makes it clear that matters "essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state" are beyond the purview of UN authority. In addition, Article 2 states unequivocally (明确地) that the United Nations "is based on the principle of sovereign (主权国家的) equality of all its members."

Nevertheless, the declared equality of all members of the United Nations is undercut by other provisions of the charter that give greater weight within the organization to the most powerful or prominent member-states. The most obvious reason for these provisions was the need to guarantee the participation of the major states. But there was another, inure subtle reason:

Some of the UN's original supporters viewed the new international association not just as an organization of sovereign states, but also as

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第9题
Soon after his appointment as secretary-general of the United Nations in 1997, Kofi Annan
lamented that he was being accused of failing to reform. the world body in six weeks. "But what are you complaining about？" asked the Russian ambassador. "You've had more time than God". Ah, Mr. Annan quipped back, "but God had one big advantage. He worked alone without a General Assembly, a Security Council and (all) the committees".

Recounting that anecdote to journalists in New York this week, Mr. Annan sought to explain why a draft declaration on UN reform. and tackling world poverty, due to be endorsed by some 150 heads of state and government at a world summit in the city on September 14th-16th, had turned into such a pale shadow of the proposals that he himself had put forward in March. "With 191 member states", he sighed, "it's not easy to get an agreement".

Most countries put the blame on the United States, in the form. of its abrasive new ambassador, John Bolton, for insisting at the end of August on hundreds of last-minute amendments and a line-by-line renegotiation of a text most others had thought was almost settled. But a group of middle-income developing nations, including Pakistan, Cuba, Iran, Egypt, Syria and Venezuela, also came up with plenty of last-minute changes of their own. The risk of having no document at all, and thus nothing for the world's leaders to come to New York for, was averted only by marathon all-night and all-weekend talks.

The 35-page final document is not wholly devoid of substance. It calls for the creation of a Peacebuilding Commission to supervise the reconstruction of countries after wars; the replacement of the discredited UN Commission on Human Rights by a supposedly tougher Human Rights Council; the recognition of a new "responsibility to protect" peoples from genocide and other atrocities when national authorities fail to take action, including, if necessary, by force; and an "early" reform. of the Security Council. Although much pared down, all these proposals have at least survived.

Others have not. Either they proved so contentious that they were omitted altogether, such as the sections on disarmament and non-proliferation and the International Criminal Court, or they were watered down to little more than empty platitudes. The important section on collective security and the use of force no longer even mentions the vexed issue of pre-emptive strikes; meanwhile the section on terrorism condemns it "in all its forms and manifestations, committed by whomever, wherever and for whatever purposes", but fails to provide the clear definition the Americans wanted.

Both Mr. Annan and, more surprisingly, George Bush have nevertheless sought to put a good face on things, with Mr. Annan describing the summit document as "an important step forward" and Mr. Bush saying the UN had taken "the first steps" towards reform. Mr. Annan and Mr. Bolton are determined to go a lot further. It is now up to the General Assembly to flesh out the document's skeleton proposals and propose new ones. But its chances of success appear slim.

Who have recently listened to the story in the first paragraph of the text？

A．Ambassadors.

B．UN officials.

C．The world's leaders.

D．Reporters.

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第10题
Budget creation is the major objective of financial management.
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第11题
What are the three periods of Geoffrey Chaucer’s literary creation？
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