Modern athletes results cannot be compared with those of anc..

第1题

Modern athletes' results cannot be compared with those of ancient runners because ______.A

Modern athletes' results cannot be compared with those of ancient runners because ______.

A．the Greeks had no means of recording the results

B．they are much better

C．details such as the time were not recorded in the past

D．they are much worse

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第2题

Modern athletes' results cannot be compared with those of ancient runners because ______.A

Modern athletes' results cannot be compared with those of ancient runners because ______.

A．details such as the time were not recorded in the past

B．the Greeks had no means of recording the results

C．they are much better

D．they are much worse

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第3题

Modern athletes' results cannot be compared with those of ancient runners because ______.A

Modern athletes' results cannot be compared with those of ancient runners because ______.

A．the Greeks had no means of recording the results

B．details such as the time were not recorded in the past

C．they are much better

D．they are much worse

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第4题

The first modern Olympics attracted athletes from ten countries.A．YB．NC．NG

The first modern Olympics attracted athletes from ten countries.

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第5题

Ancient athletes competed as individuals, not on national teams, as in the modern Games.

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第6题

From the start of the modern Olympics, male athletes of every race, religion, and national

ity have been allowed to participate. No women competed in 1896. A few female golfers and tennis players were allowed to take part in the 1900 Games. Female gymnasts and track-and-field athletes first competed at the 1928 Games. Womens Olympic sports have grown hugely since then. Today women make up about half of the total number of competitors. This has not been the only change. Figure skating was part of the Summer Games of 1908 and 1920, and ice hockey was played in 1920. They then became part of the Winter Olympics, which was first held in 1924 in France. Although founded to help world peace, the modern Olympic Games sometimes become a stage for political arguments. The most controversial Olympics were the Berlin Games of 1936. Under the rule of the Nazis, German Jewish athletes were banned from the German team. The Olympic Games were interrupted twice during the First and Second World Wars. The event was not held in 1916, 1940 and 1944.

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第7题

听力原文：The Olympic Games have always included a number of ceremonies, many of which emph

听力原文： The Olympic Games have always included a number of ceremonies, many of which emphasize the themes of international friendship and peaceful cooperation. The opening ceremony has always included the parade of nations. The Greek team always enters first, and the host team enters last. The torch relay, in which the Olympic Flame symbolizes the transmission of Olympic ideals from ancient Greece to the modern world, was introduced as part of the opening ceremony at the 1936 Summer Games in Berlin.

Two other important ceremonial innovations had appeared earlier at the 1920 Games in Antwerp, Belgium. The Olympic Flag was flown for the first time. Another was the first reciting of the Olympic Oath, taken in the name of all the athletes by a member of the host's team. The oath asserts the athletes' commitment to the ideals of sportsmanship in competition.

Originally there was another parade of nations during the closing ceremonies of the Games. At the end of the 1956 Summer Games in Melbourne, Australia, however, the athletes broke ranks and mingled together to celebrate the occasion. This custom was continued in subsequent Games. After the athletes join in the main Olympic stadium in celebration, the president of the IOC invites the athletes and spectators to meet again at the site of the next Games. The IOC president then declares the Games ended, and the Olympic Flame is extinguished.

Most of the Olympics ceremonies are to ______.

A．emphasize the justice and peace

B．promote the international friendship and peaceful cooperation

C．promote the ideals of sportsmanship in competition

D．insist on the mutual understanding and international aid

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第8题

Nowadays, the athletes expenses are paid for______.IN ANCIENT GREECE ATHLETIC FESTIVALS WE

Nowadays, the athletes expenses are paid for______.

IN ANCIENT GREECE ATHLETIC FESTIVALS WERE VERY IMPORTANT AND HAD STRONG RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATIONS. THE OLYMPIAN ATHLETIC FESTIVAL HELD EVERY FOUR YEARS IN HONOUR OF ZEUS, KING OF THE OLYMPIAN GODS, EVENTUALLY LOST ITS LOCAL CHARACTER, BECAME FIRST A NATIONAL EVENT AND THEN, AFTER THE RULES AGAINST FOREIGN COMPETITORS HAD BEEN ABOLISHED, INTERNATIONAL. NO ONE KNOWS EXACTLY HOW FAR BACK THE OLYMPIC GAMES GO, BUT SOME OFFICIAL RECORDS DATE FROM 776

B.

C. THE GAMES TOOK PLACE IN AUGUST ON THE PLAIN BY MOUNT OLYMPUS. MANY THOUSANDS OF SPECTATORS GATHERED FROM ALL PARTS OF GREECE, BUT NO MARRIED WOMAN WAS ADMITTED EVEN AS A SPECTATOR. SLAVES, WOMEN AND DISHONORED PERSONS WERE NOT ALLOWED TO COMPET

E. THE EXACT SEQUENCE OF EVENTS IS UNCERTAIN, BUT EVENTS INCLUDED BOY"S GYMNASTICS, BOXING, WRESTLING, HORSE RACING AND FIELD EVENTS, THOUGH THERE WERE FEWER SPORTS INVOLVED THAN IN THE MODERN OLYMPIC GAMES. ON THE LAST DAY OF THE GAMES, ALL THE WINNERS WERE HONORED BY HAVING A RING OF HOLY OLIVE LEAVES PLACED ON THEIR HEADS. SO GREAT WAS THE HONOUR THAT THE WINNER OF THE FOOT RACE GAVE HIS NAME TO THE YEAR OF HIS VICTORY. ALTHOUGH OLYMPIC WINNERS RECEIVED NO PRIZE MONEY, THEY WERE, IN FACT, RICHLY REWARDED BY THEIR STATE AUTHORITIES. HOW THEIR RESULTS COMPARED WITH MODERN STANDARDS, WE UNFORTUNATELY HAVE NO MEANS OF TELLIN

G. AFTER AN UNINTERRUPTED HISTORY OF ALMOST 1 200 YEARS, THE GAMES WERE SUSPENDED BY THE ROMANS IN 394 A.

D. THEY CONTINUED FOR SUCH A LONG TIME BECAUSE PEOPLE BELIEVED IN THE PHILOSOPHY BEHIND THE OLYMPICS: THE IDEA THAT A HEALTHY BODY PRODUCED A HEALTHY MIND, AND THAT THE SPIRIT OF COMPETITION IN SPORTS AND GAMES WAS PREFERABLE TO THE COMPETITION THAT CAUSED WARS. IT WAS OVER 1 500 YEARS BEFORE ANOTHER SUCH INTERNATIONAL ATHLETIC GATHERING TOOK PLACE IN ATHENS IN 1896. NOWADAYS, THE GAMES ARE HELD IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES IN TUR

N. THE HOST COUNTRY PROVIDES VAST FACILITIES, INCLUDING A STADIUM, SWIMMING POOLS AND LIVING ACCOMMODATION, BUT COMPETING COUNTRIES PAY THEIR OWN ATHLETES" EXPENSES. THE OLYMPICS START WITH THE ARRIVAL IN THE STADIUM OF A TORCH, LIGHTED ON MOUNT OLYMPUS BY THE SUN"S RAYS. IT IS CARRIED BY A SUCCESSION OF RUNNERS TO THE STADIU

M. THE TORCH SYMBOLIZED THE CONTINUATION OF THE ANCIENT GREEK ATHLETIC IDEALS, AND IT BURNS THROUGHOUT THE GAMES UNTIL THE CLOSING CEREMONY. THE WELL-KNOWN OLYMPIC FLAG, HOWEVER, IS A MODERN CONCEPTION, THE FIVE INTERLOCKING RINGS SYMBOLIZE THE UNITING OF ALL FIVE CONTINENTS PARTICIPATING IN THE GAMES.

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第9题

Olympic Games and Spirit Today, the Olympic Games are the world's largest pageant （盛典)of

Olympic Games and Spirit

Today, the Olympic Games are the world's largest pageant (盛典)of athletic skill and competitive spirit. These two opposing elements of the Olympics are not a modern invention. The ancient Olympic Games, part of a major religious festival honoring Zeus, the chief Greek god, were the biggest event in their world. They were the scene of political rivalries between people from different parts of the Greek world, and the site of controversies, boasts, public announcements and humiliations. In this section you can explore the context of the Olympics.

The Greek City-states and the Religious Festival

One difference between the ancient and modern Olympic Games is that the ancient games were played within the context of a religious festival. The Games were held in honor of Zeus, the king of the Greek gods, and a sacrifice of 100 oxen was made to the god on the middle day of the festival. Athletes prayed to the gods for victory, and made gifts of animals, produce, or small cakes, in thanks for their successes.

According to the legend, the altar of Zeus stood on a spot struck by a thunderbolt, which had been hurled by the god from his throne high atop Mount Olympus, where the gods assembled. Over time, the Games flourished, and Olympia became a central site for the worship of Zeus. Individuals and communities donated buildings, statues, altars and other dedications to the god. The most spectacular sight at Olympia was the gold and ivory cult (膜拜仪式)statue of Zeus enthroned, which was made by the sculptor Pheidias and placed inside the temple. The statue was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and stood over 42 feet high. A spiral staircase took visitors to an upper floor of the temple, for a better view of the statue.

People who were not Greek could not compete in the Games, but Greek athletes traveled hundreds of miles, from colonies of the Greek city-states. These colonies were as far away as modern-day Spain, Italy, Libya, Egypt, the Ukraine, and Turkey. A city-state, called a polls, was a typical Greek settlement, with a fortified city and a defensible citadel at the center of a territory, which might include other villages. The polls of Attica was made up of Athens and its environs (近郊), for example, and the Acropolis was its fortress. The Greek city-states began to establish colonies from the mid-8th century on. After the 2nd century A. D., the Roman Empire brought even more competitors to the Olympic Games, but regional differences always gave the Olympics an international flavor.

Excellence and the Competitive Spirit

Ancient athletes competed as individuals, not on national teams, as in the modern Games. The emphasis on individual athletic achievement through public competition was related to the Greek ideal of excellence, called arete. Aristocratic men who attained this ideal, through their outstanding words or deeds, won permanent glory and fame. Those who failed to measure up to this code feared public shame and disgrace.

Not all athletes lived up to this code of excellence. Those who were discovered cheating were fined, and the money was used to make bronze statues of Zeus, which were erected on the road to the stadium. The statues were inscribed with messages describing the offenses, warning others not to cheat, reminding athletes that victory was won by skill and not by money, and emphasizing the Olympic spirit of piety toward the gods and fair competition.

The Olympic Truce(休战)

A truce (in Greek, ekecheiria, which literally means "holding of hands") was announced before and during each of the Olympic festivals, to allow visitors to travel safely to Olympia. An inscription (题字) describing the truce was written on a bronze discus which was displayed at Olympia. During the truce, wars were suspended, armies were prohibited from entering Elis or threatening the Games, and leg

A．Y

B．N

C．NG

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第10题

In ancient Greece athletic festivals were very important and had strong religious associat

ions. The Olympian athletic festival held every four years in honor of Zeus, king of the Olympian Gods, eventually lost its local character, and became first a national event and then, international.

The Games took place in August on the plain by Mount Olympus. Many thousands of spectators gathered from all parts of Greece. Slaves, women and dishonored persons were not allowed to compete. The exact sequence of events is uncertain, but events included boy's gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, horse racing and field events.

On the last day of the Games, all the winners were honored by having a ring of holy olive leaves placed on their heads. So great was the honor that the winner of the foot race gave his name to the year of his victory. Although Olympic winners received no prize money, they were, in fact, richly rewarded by their state authorities. How their results were compared with modern standards, we unfortunately have no means of telling.

Nowadays, the Games are held in different countries in turn. The host country provides vast facilities, including a stadium, swimming pools and living accommodation, but competing countries pay their own athletes' expenses.

The Olympics start with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun's rays. It is carried by a succession of runners to the stadium. The torch symbolizes the continuation of the ancient Greek athletic ideals, and it burns throughout the Games until the closing ceremony. The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception: the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five continents participating in the Games.

In the early days of ancient Olympic Games______.

A．only male Greek athletes were allowed to participate in the Games

B．all Greeks, irrespective of sex, religion or social status, were allowed to take part in

C．all Greeks, with the exception of women, were allowed to compete in the Games

D．all male Greeks were qualified to compete in the Games

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Modern athletes results cannot be compared with those of ancient runners because______.IN