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提问人：网友chjiwa 发布时间：2022-01-07
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A Great Quake Coming？ Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are commo

A Great Quake Coming？

Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the Bay Area--and they can be devastating．In 1906，for example，a major quake destroyed about 28,000 buildings and killed hundreds，perhaps thousands of people．Residents now wonder when the next“Big One”will strike．It's bound to happen someday．At least seven active fault(断层)lines run through the San Francisco area． Faults are places where pieces of Earth's crust(地壳)slide past each other．When these pieces slip，the ground shakes．

To prepare for that day，scientists are using new techniques to reanalyze the 1906 earthquake and predict how bad the damage might be when the next one happens．

One new finding about the 1906 quake is that the San Andreas fault split apart faster than scientists had assumed at the time．During small earthquakes，faults rupture(断裂)at about 2.7 kilometers per second．During bigger quakes，however．ruptures can happen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per second．

At such high speeds，massive amounts of pressure build up，generating underground waves that can cause more damage than the quake itself．Lucky for San Francisco，these pressure pulses(脉冲)traveled away from the city during the 1906 event．As bad as the damage was，it could have been far worse．

Looking ahead．scientists are trying to predict when the next major quake will occur．Records show that earthquakes were common before 1906．Since then，the area has been relatively quiet．Patterns in the data，however，suggest that the probability of a major earthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62 percent．

New buildings in San Francisco are quite safe in case of future quakes．Still，more than 84 percent of the city's buildings are old and weak．Analyses suggest that another massive earthquake would cause extensive damage．

People who live there today tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet for a while．According to the new research，however．it's not a matter of“if”the Big One will hit．It's just a matter of when．

The San Francisco area is located above several active fault lines．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

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更多“A Great Quake Coming？ Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are commo”相关的问题
第1题
听力原文：Some parts of the earth are more likely to have quakes than others. This is usual

听力原文： Some parts of the earth are more likely to have quakes than others. This is usually true of mountain areas, because there the thickness of rocks, which make up the earth's crust, is not even. But quakes may often be felt in level regions, too, because the waves, which come from the center of a quake, run often for thousands of miles.

It is easy to understand why man is so frightened by an earthquake. People used to think that when there was an earthquake, the ground opened, swallowed great numbers of people, then closed, and those who were killed disappeared forever. We know now this does not happen.

What we need to fear are the after-effects of a serious earthquake: fires, floods, and landslides. Since the Yellowstone earthquake some people have said that they would never go to that area for fear of being caught in a landslide occurring after the earthquake. This is, actually a foolish idea. Such a fear would keep us away from mountains the rest of our lives. Even though earthquakes happen every day something like the Madison River landslide does not happen very often. We can realize gratefully that few of us will suffer because of such a disaster. At the same time we can understand the need of being ready to help those who do suffer such trouble.

(33)

A．Because the waves coming from the center of a quake can spread to these places.

B．Because there are the thickness of rocks making up the earth's crust.

C．Because some parts of the earth are more likely to have quakes than others.

D．Because mountainous areas are easy to have earthquakes.

点击查看答案
第2题
Chinese scientists moved people away from the coming quake zone after noticing the strange
behavior. of some animals and physical changes in earth.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

点击查看答案
第3题
EarthquakeCan Scientists Predict Killer Earthquakes？The date was November 23，1980．People n

Earthquake

Can Scientists Predict Killer Earthquakes？

The date was November 23，1980．People near Naples，in Southern Italy，felt the earth roll and shake. Earthquake! Suddenly buildings came tumbling down. Cracks appeared in the earth．Within minutes，entire towns were destroyed．Thousands of people were dead．Thousands more were injured．

As rescuers searched through the rubble，many people must have wondered，if only the victims had known ahead of time，many lives could have been saved．

Actually，an Italian scientist did predict that such a quake would happen．In 1977 Dr．M．Caputo of the Universite Degiles Studi in Rome warned that a large quake would soon strike the east of Naples．Unfortunately，he couldn't predict the exact time and date of the quake．

Dr．Caputo made his general prediction after talking with scientists at 54 earthquake-monitoring stations throughout Italy．He learned that many earthquakes had recently rocked different areas around Naples．But none had occurred in one particular spot east of Naples for many years．Dr. Caputo felt that the area was long overdue for a large quake．And it was．

Earthquake Strikes in Gap

The quake occurred in a region that Dr.Caputo called a seismic gap．A seismic gap is an area in an active earthquake region where no earthquake or seismic activity has been recorded in a long time．Seismic gaps are located where two large plates in the earth have become stuck．

When the plates slide past each other，they sometimes became locked in place．A similar thing happens when you make a running leap on a sidewalk while wearing sneakers．When you 1and on both feet，the sneakers grab onto rough surface．Friction tends to hold your feet back while the rest of your body goes forward．You may end up falling flat on your face．

In the case of plates，however，the uneven surfaces between the plates cause the plates to remain locked in place for years．Huge pressure builds up behind each plate．Periodically，a shudder，or tremor，is recorded as some of this energy is released．

Finally，after about 50 years，rock in the seismic gap either suddenly breaks or moves under the great stress．This sudden release of energy sends shock waves through the rock layers above．The ground shakes，sidewalks crack，and buildings tumble．A mighty quake has struck．

Gaps Used to Predict Quakes

Many geologists have used what is called the seismic gap technique to accurately predict earthquakes．The technique was first developed by Soviet earthquake expert Dr.V.Fodotov during his studies of ancient and recent Japanese earthquakes．Dr.Fodotov was marking the location，size，and date of all known quakes in Japan when he noticed a striking pattern．

All major earthquakes were found to occur in only a few isolated spots in Japan．Each of these spots，he noted，experienced a major quake only once every 50 to 60 years．Dr.Fodotov concluded that spots that hadn't had a quake in more than 50 years were “ripe” for a quake．The Russian scientist named these locations seismic gaps．

In the past several years，geologists from other countries have found seismic gaps in other parts of the world．After making detailed studies of past quakes in these regions，the geologists were able to make an accurate prediction of when a quake would occur．

How Do Animals Know When an Earthquake Is Coming？

Scientists who try to predict earthquakes have gotten some new helpers recently-animals．

That's right，animals．Scientists have begun to catch on to what farmers have known for thousands of years．Animals often seem to know in advance that an earthquake is coming，and they show their fear by acting in strange ways．Before a Chinese quake in1975，snakes awoke from their winter sleep early only to freeze to death in the cold air．Cows broke their

A．no prediction had been made

B．no correct prediction had been made

C．no one had predicted the precise date

D．no one had cared about Dr.Caputo's prediction

点击查看答案
第4题
On the morning of November 18,1735, an earthquake shook Boston, Massachusetts. John Winthr
op, a professor at Harvard College, felt the quake and awoke. "I rose," Winthrop wrote, "and lighting a candle, looked on my watch, and found it to be 15 minutes after four." John Winthrop walked quickly downstairs to the grandfather's clock. It had stopped three minutes before, at 4 ' 11. Except for stopping the clock, the quake had only thrown a key from the mantel to the floor.

The clock had stopped because Winthrop had put some long glass tubes he was using for an experiment into the box for safekeeping. The quake had knocked the tubes over and blocked the pendulum. Winthrop, therefore, had the exact time that the earthquake had hit Boston. He looked at the key on the floor. The quake had thrown it forward in the direction of the quake's motion by a shock coming from the northwest, perhaps in Canada.

This passage suggests that ______.

A．John Winthrop had difficulty in sleeping

B．earthquakes are common in Boston

C．Boston was a center for clock-making

D．John Winthrop was a scientist

点击查看答案
第5题
What has NOT been done to the prediction and control of major earthquakes according to the
passage？

A．A great amount of money has been given to research work on earth quake prediction.

B．Active fault systems have been carefully studied in order to predict an impending earthquake.

C．Studies of the Rocky Mountain phenomenon has been on the way.

D．Scientists have found that by using fluid injection techniques, earthquakes can be controlled.

点击查看答案
第6题
阅读材料，回答题。

Unpredictable Earthquake

Humans are forever forgetting that they can&39;t control nature. Exactly 20 years ago, a Time magazine cover story announced that "scientists are on the verge of being able to predict the time, place and even the size of earthquakes." The people of quake-ravaged (被地震破坏的) Kobe learned last week how wrong that assertion was.

None of the methods conceived two decades ago has yet to discover a uniform. wanting signal that preceded all quakes, let alone any sign that would tell whether the coming temblor (地震) is mild or a killer.Earthquake formation can be triggered by many factors, says Hiroo Kanamori, a seismologist (地震学家), at the California Institute of Technology. So, finding one all-purpose warning sign is impossible. One reason :Quakes tart deep in the earth, so scientists can&39;t study them directly. If a quake precursor were found, it would still be impossible to ward humans in advance of all dangerous quakes.Places like Japan and California are fiddle with hundreds, if not thousands, of minor faults.

Prediction would be less important if scientists could easily build structures to withstand tremors. While seismic engineering has improved dramatically in the past 10 to 15 years, every new quake reveals unexpected weakness in "quake-resistant" structures, says Terry Tullis, a geophysicist at Brown University. In Kobe, for example, a highway that opened only last year was damaged. In the Northridgeearthquake, on the other hand,well-built structures generally did not collapse.

A recent report in Science adds yet more anxiety about life on the faulty lines. Researchers Fan computer simulations to see how quake resistant buildings would fall in a moderate size temblor, taking into account that much of a quake&39;s energy travels in a large "pulse" of focused shaking. The results: both steel-frame. buildings

and buildings that sit on insulating rubber pads suffered severe damage.

More research will help experts design stronger structures and possibly find quake precursors. But it is still a certainty that the next earthquake will prove once again that every fault cannot be monitored and every highway cannot be completely quake-proofed.

From the first paragraph， it can be safely inferred that__________. 查看材料

A.scientists can never be able to predict the coming of earthquakes

B.the existing power on predicting earthquakes is somewhat exaggerated

C.quite a lot of scientific assertions are groundless

D.earthquake predictions are beyond the reach of scientists

点击查看答案
第7题
______ to help was a great encouragement to us.A．Their comingB．Their cameC．They comingD．Th

______ to help was a great encouragement to us.

A．Their coming

B．Their came

C．They coming

D．They come

点击查看答案
第8题
______ to help was a great encouragement to us.A．Their comingB．Them comingC．They comingD．T

______ to help was a great encouragement to us.

A．Their coming

B．Them coming

C．They coming

D．They come

点击查看答案
第9题
Student A: The Spring Festival is coming finally! What about going for a picnic tomor
row？

Student B: Great!______. What time and where？

点击查看答案
第10题
Weweretoldthatthestonefigure_______backtothe16thcenturywasofgreatvalue.A.datedB.datingC.co

We were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was of great value. A. dated B. dating C. coming D. kept

点击查看答案
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