题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A．the public's inability to appreciate the range of colors involved
B．the failure of art galleries to convince the critics
C．the impossibility of displaying it to the gallery-going public
D．a tendency to put communal art in a less serious category
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更多“The reason the painting of the house has not been looked on as an art form. seems to be __”相关的问题
What is the probable reason that may bring about SBS？
A．SBS is said to be caused by one of two general categories of pollution, given a poorly ventilated, airtight building.
B．The "new smell" of chemical vapors given off by paint, glue and other construction materials.
C．Formaldehyde is one of the many VOCs which also cause SBS.
D．None of the above three.
Trees should only be pruned (修剪, 整枝) when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way. First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus causing wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air. One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible. It is essential to make the wound on the tree which has been pruned smooth and clean for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually done in winter, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference from the leaves and it is. too very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed. If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly.
Pruning is probably usually done to______.
A．make the small branches thicker
B．get rid of the small branches
C．improve the shape of the tree
D．make the tree grow taller
听力原文： Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.
First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches, which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree heavier. You may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. Removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air may encourage the health of a tree.
One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible. It is essential to make the area, which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually done in winter, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed. If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly.
Why should pruning be done？
A．To make the tree grow taller.
B．To improve the shape of the tree.
C．To get rid of the small branches.
D．To make the small branches thicker.
听力原文： Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and the number of such masons is small. Pruning involves the cut ting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.
First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches, which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree heavier. You may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. Removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air may en courage the health of a tree.
One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible. It is essential to make the area, which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually done ih winter, for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed. If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly.
Why should pruning be done？
A．To make the tree grow taller.
B．To improve the shape of the tree.
C．To get rid of the small branches.
D．To make the small branches thicker.
The most obvious reason for the decline in tagging and train-painting is better policing. Numerous CCTV cameras mean it is harder to get away with painting illegally. And punishments are more severe. A generational shift is apparent, too. Fewer teenagers are getting into painting walls. They prefer to play with iPads and video games. Some have gone to art school and want to make money from their paintings. The Internet means that painters can win far more attention by posting pictures online than they can by breaking into a railway yard.
Taggers and graffiti artists mostly grew up in the 1980s and 1990s. Those men—and almost all are men—are now older and less willing to take risks. Graffiti may eventually disappear. But for now the hobby is almost respectable. The former graffiti artists paint abandoned warehouses at the weekend. It has become something to do on a Sunday afternoon—a slightly healthier alternative to sitting and watching football.
1.Teenagers are not afraid of being caught by security guards when they put their names on trains and buses.{T; F}
2.Less tags can be found in public places nowadays.{T; F}
3.Because of better policing graffiti decreases.{T; F}
4.Some teenagers go to art school in order to learn to paint walls.{T; F}
5.Taggers and graffiti artists are still willing to take risks.{T; F}
suit. Teenagers dodge security guards to put their names on trains and buses. But over the past decade, graffiti has all but disappeared from Britain's cities. Between 2007 and 2012 the number of incidents of graffiti recorded by the British Transport Police fell by 63%. A survey by the Environment Ministry shows that fewer places are blighted by tags than ever. Graffiti are increasingly confined to sanctioned walls, such as the Stockwell ball courts. In time the practice may die out entirely.The most obvious reason for the decline in tagging and train-painting is better policing. Numerous CCTV cameras mean it is harder to get away with painting illegally. And punishments are more severe. A generational shift is apparent, too. Fewer teenagers are getting into painting walls. They prefer to play with iPads and video games. Some have gone to art school and want to make money from their paintings. The Internet means that painters can win far more attention by posting pictures online than they can by breaking into a railway yard.Taggers and graffiti artists mostly grew up in the 1980s and 1990s. Those men—and almost all are men—are now older and less willing to take risks. Graffiti may eventually disappear. But for now the hobby is almost respectable. The former graffiti artists paint abandoned warehouses at the weekend. It has become something to do on a Sunday afternoon—a slightly healthier alternative to sitting and watching football.
1.Teenagers are not afraid of being caught by security guards when they put their names on trains and buses.（）
2.Less tags can be found in public places nowadays.（）
3.Because of better policing graffiti decreases.（）
4.Some teenagers go to art school in order to learn to paint walls.（）
5.Taggers and graffiti artists are still willing to take risks.（）
Part A
Directions: Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Trees should only be trimmed when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately ,the number of such reasons is small. Trimming involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.
First, trimming may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. Tile object may be to get a tree of the right height. And at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thickens its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, trimming may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut out diseased or dead wood ,or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus causing wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air.
One result of trimming is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it's a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die. So that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce the risk of death as far as possible. It is essential to make the area which has been trimmed smooth and clean ,for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from the garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Trimming is usually done in winter, for you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference front the leaves and it is, too, very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed. If this does happen, it is ,of course, impossible to paint them properly.
A good gardener trims a tree______.
A．at intervals throughout the year
B．as quickly as possible
C．occasionally when necessary
D．regularly every winter
Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled (回收利用) in the United States. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc.
Shrinking landfill space, and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling. In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive waste-management option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New York, amounts to saving of more than $100 per ton. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.
第36题：What regulation was issued by New York State concerning beverage containers？
A) Beverage companies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles.
B) Throwaways should be collected by the state for recycling.
C) A fee should be charged on used containers for recycling.
D) Consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on returning them.
Question 26 to 30 are based on the following passage .
Tress should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , the number of such reasons is small . Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches , and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from the tree to grow in its own way .
First , pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size . The object may be to get a tree of the right height , and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches , which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape . Secondly , pruning may be done to make the tree heavier . You may cut out diseased or dead wood , or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds . The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air . One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease , but it is a wound that will heal . Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die , so that there is a period when the tree is at risk . It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible . It is essential to make the area , which has been pruned smooth , and clean , for healing will be slowed down by roughness . You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops especially for this purpose . Pruning is usually done in winter , for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed . If this does happen , it is , of course , impossible to paint them properly .
26. Pruning should be done to _____.
A)make the tree grow taller . B) does not protect them form. the wind
C)get rid of the small branches D) make the small branches thicker .
27. Trees become unhealthy if the gardener_______
A)allows too many branches to grow in the middle
B)does not protect them from the wind
C)forces them grow too quickly
D)damages some of the small side branches.
28 . Why is a special substance painted on the tree ？
A)to make a wound smooth .
B)to prevent disease entering a wound .
C)to cover a rough surface .
D) to help a wound to dry .
29. A good gardener prunes tree ____
A) at intervals throughout the year
B) as quickly as possible
C) occasionally when necessary
D) regularly every winter
30 . What was the author’s purpose when writing this passage ？
A)to give practical instruction for pruning a tree
B)to give a gardener description of pruning
C)to explain how trees develop disease
D)to discuss different methods of pruning
Second Life for the Waste
In 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage(饮料) containers．Within a year, consumers had returned millions.of aluminum cans, glass bottles and plastic, bottles．Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw materials for new products, but because few could figure out.what to do with the plastic, much of it would be buried in landfills (垃圾填埋场)．The problem was not limited to New York．Unfortunately, there"were too few uses for second-hand plastic.
Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled inthe United States．The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the coun,ry buying disr carded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc.
As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish．Waste remains v~aste until somebody figures out how to give it a second life and until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value．Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling,throwaways actually depress prices for used materials.
Shrinking landfill space and rising costs for burying: and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling．In many areas, especially the East Coast, recycling is already the least expensive waste management option．For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New York, amounts to savings of more than $100 per ton．Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and reduces the pollution c,ontrol and er~ergy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material
第 16 题 In 1993, New York had taken a very effective means to deal with the waste.
A．Right
B．Wrong
C．Not mentioned
In 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage (饮料) containers. Within a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw materials for new products, but because few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it wound up buffed in landfills (垃圾填理场). The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second hand plastic.
Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled (回收利用) in the United States. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc.
As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish. A discard remains a discard until somebody figures out how to give it a second life--and until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value. Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways actually depress prices for used materials.
Shrinking landfill space, and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling. In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive waste management option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New York, amounts to savings of more than ＄100 per ton. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.
What regulation was issued by New York State concerning beverage containers？
A．Beverage companies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles.
B．Throwaways should be collected by the state for recycling.
C．A fee should be charged on used containers for recycling.
D．Consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on returning them.
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