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提问人：网友zhb_999 发布时间：2022-01-07
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【B1】 Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its origina

lity of perspective. Satire rarely offers original ideas. Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies.【B2】What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful, or affected. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false. Don Quixote. makes chivalry seem absurd; Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of these ideas is original. Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldoua Huxley, and people were aware of famine before Swift. 【B3】It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression, the satiric method, that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive.【B4】They are stimulating and refreshing because with common sense briskness they brash away illusions and secondhand opinions. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude. 【B5】 Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of troth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media is sanctimonious, sentimental, and only partially true. Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold die ideals that movies attribute to them, nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity. Intelligent people know these things but tend to forget them when they do not hear them expressed.

【B1】

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更多“【B1】 Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its origina”相关的问题
第1题
Individualism, independence, and self-reliance are perhaps the most distinctive American c
haracteristics. In the United States, "individualism" is【B1】a good thing, it does not mean being【B2】, and each person is expected to make【B3】for himself or herself about all aspects of life,【B4】,career, and hone. The nuclear family(mother, father, and children) is an important aspect of American society,【B5】usually has much less influence【B6】the behavior. of any individual in it【B7】is generally true in China. Children are【B8】from an early age to be self-reliant【B9】care of their clothes and bedrooms, perhaps helping to cook and【B10】, begin thinking for them- selves, and even learning to【B11】their own money. Parents provide advice and assistance of course,【B12】when their children are young, but the importance of the individual is【B13】. This is reflected in American【B14】such as" Think for yourself," "Do your【B15】things," and "You are the master of your own fate."【B16】concentrating on the individual, American【B17】a greater personal responsibility for the decisions they make and the actions they【B18】. This principle【B19】to all aspects of life, including the family,【B20】relations, finances, business, law, academics, and medicine. Nowadays, the parents in China are trying to cultivate their children in individualism, independence, and self-reliance as well.

【B1】

A．considered

B．believed

C．regarded

D．thought

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第2题
Change, or the ability to【B1】oneself to a changing environment is essential【B2】evolution.
The farmer whose land is required for housing or industry must adapt himself: he can transfer to another place and master the problems【B3】to it; he can change his occupation, perhaps【B4】a period of training; or he can starve to death. A nation which can't adapt its trade or defense requirements to【B5】world conditions faces an economic and military disaster. Nothing is fixed and permanently stable.【B6】must be movement forward, which is progress of a sort, and movement backward, which is decay and deterioration.

In a changing world, tradition can be a force for good or for evil.【B7】long as it offers a guide, it helps the ignorant and the uninformed to take a step【B8】and, thereby adapt themselves to【B9】circumstances. But if we make an idol of tradition, it ceases to be a guide. It becomes an obstacle【B10】on the path of course. Man is to accept the help which tradition can give but to be well aware of its limitations in a changing world.

【B1】

A．change

B．fit

C．adapt

D．adopt

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第3题
But let no one think that pleasure is immoral. Pleasure in itself is a great good, all ple
asure, but its consequences may be such【B1】the sensible person eschews certain varieties of【B2】Nor need pleasure be gross and sensual. They are wise in their generation【B3】have discovered that intellectual pleasure is the most satisfying and the most enduring. It is well to【B4】the habit of reading. There are【B5】sports in which you can engage to your own satisfaction after you have passed the prime of life; there are no games except patience, chess problems and crossword puzzles that you can play without someone to play them with you. Reading suffers【B6】no such disadvantages; there is no occupation—except perhaps needle-work, but that leaves the restless spirit【B7】liberty—which you can more easily【B8】up at any moment, for any period, and more easily put【B9】when other calls press upon you; there is no other amusement that can be obtained in these happy days of public liberties and cheap editions at so small a【B10】. To acquire the habit of reading is to construct for yourself a refuge from almost all the miseries of life.

【B1】

A．this

B．that

C．these

D．those

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第4题
Many students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a confusing and【B
1】experience. The lecturer speaks for one or two hours, perhaps【B2】the talk with slides, writing up important information on the blackboard,【B3】reading material and giving out【B4】. The new student sees the other students【B5】writing on notebooks and wonders what to write. Very often the student leaves the lecture【B6】notes which do not catch the main points and which become hard even for the【B7】to understand.

Most institutions provide courses which【B8】new students to develop the skills they need to be【B9】listeners and note takers. If these are【B10】, there are many useful study skills guides which【B11】learners to practice these skills【B12】. In all cases it is important to【B13】the problem before actually starting your studies. It is important to【B14】that most students have【B15】in acquiring the language skills【B16】in college study. One way of【B17】these difficulties is to attend the language and study skills classes which most institutions provide throughout the【B18】year. Another basic【B19】is to find a study partner with whom it is possible to identify difficulties,【B20】ideas and provide support.

【B1】

A．satisfying

B．frustrating

C．profiting

D．fascinating

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第5题
One of the strangest and most fascinating things about Scotland is the Loch Ness Monster.
Some people believe in the monsters【B1】______Many do not! However, very important【B2】______people do believe there is some truth in the famous monster story: experts from Britains Royal Air Force, scientists from the Boston Academy of Applied Science and specialists from NASA, to【B3】______but a few! Loch Ness is an【B4】______lake in Northern Scotland. It is about twenty-four miles long and one mile wide, and【B5】______1,000 feet, which makes it very difficult for anybody to find and examine the monster. In fact the first【B6】______reports of people seeing the monster date from only about six years before the beginning of the Second World War. Since then there have been other【B7】______and photographs of the monster. Many of these photographs【B8】______silly jokes played on an unsuspecting public later. However, other photographs have amazed the most searching scientific minds. In fact, it seems certain that something does exist in the deep waters of the【B9】______lake. The most amazing photographs show a flipper — the flipper perhaps of a very large animal. From these photos British expert in animal life, Sir Peter Scott, who is also an artist, has【B10】______the picture of what he believes the monster might look like.

【B1】

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第6题
第二节 完型填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中选出能填入相应空白处的最

第二节 完型填空

阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。

Certainly dustmen prefer to be known as "Reuse Collection and Disposal Officers" (垃圾回收处理官员). You may think that this is rather【B1】, and it is better to call a spade a spade.

But dustmen can be as【B2】as people of any other occupation (职业), though we must【B3】 that their job is not a 【B4】one in the world. We often take dustmen for granted. Perhaps because they usually come very early in the morning, before most people are 【B5】. We are likely to forget their【B6】. Our dustbins are【B7】regularly, but we【B8】stop to think about the men who do this. However, it is one of the most important jobs in the world, and when there are no dustmen to【B9】 the rubbish, the general【B10】soon become aware that something is wrong.

Recently, the dustmen of England went on strike for higher wages. During the first few days it was regarded as a【B11】. But when the first two weeks had passed, and the dustbins were overflowing in nearly every backyard in the country, the joke did not seem so【B12】any more. 【B13】the strike continued, people could not【B14】the hills of rubbish around their dustbins, and they looked for other places in which to【B15】it. Even Leicester Square, in the heart of West End of London, was【B16】high with plastic bags full of smelly rubbish. This was a (n) 【B17】 attraction that the people of London were not at all【B18】to see. Even when the strike was over, it took several weeks for the country to get cleaned up completely, Perhaps now the English people 【B19】 the work of their dustmen rather more 【B20】and won't take them for granted any more.

【B1】

A．clever

B．silly

C．interesting

D．reasonable

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第7题
In Favor of the Death Penalty With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the mos

In Favor of the Death Penalty

With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most controversial issue across the United States today is the death penalty. Many argue that it is an effective deterrent (威慑) to murder, while others maintain there is no convincing evidence that the death penalty reduces the number of murders.

The principal argument advanced by those opposed to the death penalty, basically, is that it is cruel and inhuman punishment, that it is the mark of a brutal society, and finally that it is of questionable effectiveness as deterrent to crime anyway.

In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary evil. Throughout recorded history there have always been those extreme individuals in every society who were capable of terribly violent crimes such as murder. But some are more extreme than others.

For example, it is one thing to take the life of another in a fit of blind rage, but quite another to coldly plot and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style. of a butcher. Thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of relative degree. While it could be argued with some conviction that the criminal in the first instance should be merely isolated from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer.

The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to debate. But the overwhelming majority of citizens believe that the death penalty protects them. Their belief is reinforced by evidence which shows the death penalty deters murder. For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was consistently imposed in California, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100,000 population. Since 1964 the death penalty has been imposed only once, and the murder rate has risen to 10.4 murder rate, which began when executions stopped, is no coincidence (巧合). It is convincing evidence that the death penalty does deter many murders. If the bill reestablishing the death penalty is vetoed (否决), innocent people will be murdered—some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is literally a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of innocent people must be protected.

The principle purpose of this passage is to ______.

A．criticize the government

B．argue for the value of the death penalty

C．speak for the majority

D．initiate a veto

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第8题
There are great impediments to the general use of a standard inpronunciation comparable to

There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in

pronunciation comparable to that existing in spelling.

(orthography). One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt

'naturally' and unconsciously, and orthography is learnt 【B1】______

deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact,

remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with what 【B2】______

our speech sounds like when we speak out, and it often 【B3】______

comes as a shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. 【B4】______

It is not a voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting

is something which we almost always know. We begin the 'natural' 【B5】______

learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read or

write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously imitating and 【B6】______

practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hours

per every day than we ever have to spend learning even our difficult 【B7】______

English spelling. This is 'natural', therefore, that our speech-sounds 【B8】______

should be those of our immediate circle；after all, as we have seen,

speech operates as a means of holding a community and 【B9】______

giving a sense of 'belonging'. We learn quite early to recognize a

'stranger', someone who speaks with an accent of a different

community — perhaps only a few miles far. 【B10】______

【B1】

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第9题
A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than is possible
to learn in general history classes, Most【B1】history courses primarily concentrate on polities, economies, and war. But art history【B2】on much more than this【B3】art reflects not only the political【B4】of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology. In addition,【B5】about the daily activities of our【B6】or of people very different from our own can be provided by art, In short, art【B7】the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it【B8】offers us a deeper understanding【B9】can be found in most history, books.

In history books,【B10】information about the political life of a country is【B11】; that is, facts about polities axe given,【B12】opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is【B13】, it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first【B14】"political" artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May, 1080, he【B15】the Spanish government for its【B16】of power over people.

In the same way, art can【B17】a culture's religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious alt was almost the only【B18】of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that【B19】people and stories from the Bible. By【B20】, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was(and still is) its absence of human and animal images.

【B1】

A．usual

B．typical

C．average

D．popular

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