16 Paragraph D

The dogs mentioned in paragraph 16 had sensed______．

A．nothing

B．only the low booms

C．only the minor quakes following the booms

D．both the low booms and the minor quakes following them

in a VS B) researchers C) monitoring machines D) specific questions

raph？

A．They got a 16% increase in household income.

B．They got a 16% decrease in household income.

C．Only 16 % of them were in financial difficulty.

D．Only 16% of them earned more than in 1970.

Materials andTools for Language Learning

__① __ The range of materials and tools avaiable to help you with your language studies ishuge from dictionaries to language courses. All of them can help you in different ways, and theappropriate use of these materials and courses will make your language learning much easier andmore effective.

__② __ Possibly the most useful tools there are for learning a language are dictionaries. Dictionaries come in a number of formats including bilingual monolingual, illustrated, electronicand online. Bilingual dic tionaries are perhaps the most useful ones for beginners andinterme-diate learners while monolingual dictionaries, which are designed for native speakers,arealso useful for advanced learners. Pocket dictionaries are good for quick reference and easy tocarry around. Larger dictionaries are better if you want more definitions, examples of us age,andinformation about pronunciation, and grammar. Electronic dictionaries are available as handheldunits or assoftware. Handheld onesare portable, easyand quick to search, and often provide otherfunctions such as, text-to-speech, voice recognition and speech synthesis organizers, addressbooks. They tend to be rather expensive though. Software dictionaries offer many of the samefunctions, and canbe used on computers, and mobile phones.

__③ __ The traditional courses tend to consist of textbooks containing dialogues,Exercisesnotes on grammar, and maybe cultural information. Accompanying cassettesCDs and/or mp3s areoften available Most such courses are intendcd for complete beginners or people with onlyminimal knowledge of the language. Intermediate and advanced-level courses are available forsome of the more popular languagessuch asFrench,C, erman Italian and Spanish.

__④ __ Audio courses usually consist solely of cassettesor CDs though some may alsoinclude a limited amount of printed material. All dialogues exercises,instructions and explanationsare recorded and the focus of these courses is teaching you to understand and speak the language. They are very good at teaching you authentic pronunciation and a manageable amount ofvocabulary.

__⑤ __ Various computer-aided coursesare available on CD-ROMs and DVDs. Each courseis different but they generally include dialogues audio exercises and tests. Some also includephrasebooks,dictionaries, videos, gamesandprovide online and/or telephone support.

A．What is the function of audio courses？

B．What is the function of flash cards？

C．What is the function of traditional courses？

D．What are the most useful tools for language learning？

E．What is the function of computer-aided courses？

F．What can help you a lot with your language learning？

16、Paragraph①______

Paragraph②______

Paragraph③______

Paragraph⑤______

Paragraph④______

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

1 When Tegla Loroupe returned home to Kenya from winning the New York City Marathon in 1994, she was presented with nine cattle, 16 sheep and some land by the grateful people of her hometown. But it was the words of the ordinary womenfolk which Loroupe valued the most. "You did a good job," they told her. "You showed us that women can be successful just like men. We are not useless"

2 In a country where most people think women are supposed to stay home and care for the kids, Loroupe, s victory meant a lot. It was the first time a black African woman had ever won a major marathon, and the triumph provided her independence, both financially and culturally. It also gave her the opportunity to stand up for herself and her Kenyan sisters

3 Male athletes have made Kenya synonymous with success in long-distance running, but women are discouraged from competing beyond the age of 16, when they are expected to start a family. Most people think that if a woman goes out of the dountry, she will be spoiled, that she will learn more than the others, and that when they tell her to do something, she will say no. Due to this situation, Kenyan male runners have gained international success, while the female runners have been left at home

4 The Kenyans' success in distance running began at the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City, where Kep Keino captured the gold in the 1,500-meters. The domination by Kenyan men across all distance running, from road races to cross-country, stems from youngsters running many miles to school each day, a nutritious diet, the benefits of living at high altitude and having no diversions from other sports

5 Loroupe, now 25, recalls her early running days and the discouragement she received from others. When she ran to school, the men in her tribe would tell her she was

wasting her time. "They didn't want me to do sports," she said. But Loroupe, from a town called Kapenguria on the Ugandan border, about 400 miles from Nairobi, began running for the same reason most of the men did 一 to avoid being late for school. "If you were late, they beat you," she said

6 One of seven children, Loroupe, s was a traditional family, and her parents took a

long time to be convinced that she was not wasting her life. They wanted their daughter to give up the i dea of finishing school so she could stay at home and look after her younger siblings. But she insisted on going and continuing to run even though, as a child, she developed problems with her lungs

7 Loroupe' a family is a member of the Bokot tribe, nomads who once drove their cattle across the plains of Kenya. Now they graze them on ranches like the one Loroupe grew up on. As a child, Loroupe used to chase the family's cattle herd for up to 12 miles, and looking back on it now, she says it was great training. The more she ran however, the more distance Loroupe put between herself and the expectations of her society. And having been overlooked four times by the Kenya Amateur Athletics Association for major championships both nationally and internationally, she eventually had to travel abroad for opportunities. It was in Germany that Anne Roberts, the elite-athlete coordinator of the New York City Marathon, first discovered Loroupe, s huge talent

8 The launching pad for her success began in 1994 when Roberts invited Loroupe to take part in the New York City Marathon. Winning it gave her the determination and courage to pursue her dreams, despite the problems back home. Roberts has marvelled at Loroupe,5determination to succeed, and the obstacles she has overcome. "I think she has a very strong sense of what' s fair and what isn ' t," she said. "When you' re running everywhere, to school, to get the cows in, all over the thousand acres of farm, and yQu, re running with your brothers and you're beating them" . she fought long and hard to get out of the country to compete"

9 Her victories m New York and Rotterdam have smoothed wrink!ed relationships back home. In April 1997, Loroupe won the New York Central Park City Marathon. in October of the same year, she won the World Half Marathon in Slovakia, setting a world championship record of 1 hour, 8 minutes and 14 seconds. Although Loroupe developed a knee injury from over use during the fall of 1997, she recovered, and in April 1998 she set a world record of 2 hours, 20 minutes, 47 seconds in the Women's Marathon in Rotterdam. Now many people expect Loroupe to go further and become the first woman to run under 2:20:00 一 a barrier only broken by a male marathon runner in 1953, when Britain Jim Peters clocked 2,18,40. These world records and her promising future have changed the attitudes of Kenyan people

10 Loroupe now lives in Germany where she shares a house with Tanzanian and Ethiopian male runners, as well as other Kenyans. These days Loroupe is showing confidence about her career in running, but is taking it step by step. She trains 100 miles per week, while many of her rivals log 180 miles. At 25 years of age, she realizes that she is still young and inexperienced, and knows there is plenty of time. As a Kenyan woman, she knows the meaning of the words patience and strength, especially patience

Questions 1-10 Directions:

Read Passage 1 and find which the underlined woid (s) in each of the follow 吨 sentences refer 恤

1. When Tegla Loroupe returned home to Kenya from winning the New York City

Marathon in 1994, she was presented with nine cattle, 16 sheep and some tand by the

grateful people of her hometown. (paragraph 1)

2. "You did a good job," they told her. (paragraph 1)

3. it also gave her the opportunity to stand up for herself and her Kenyan sisters

(paragraph 2)

4. Most people think that if a woman goes out of the country, 业 will be spoiled,.

(paragraph 3)

5. "They didn't want me to do sports," she said. (paragraph 5)

6. Now they graze them on ranches like the one Loroupe grew up on. (paragraph 7)

7. As a child, Loroupe used to chase the family's cattle herd for up to 12 miles, and

looking back on it now, she says it was great training. (paragraph 7)

8. Winning 丝 gave her the determination and courage to pursue her dreams, despite the

problems back home. (paragraph 8)

9. '1 think she has a very strong sense of what' s fair and what isn' t," she said

(paragraph 8)

10. These days Loroupe is showing confidence about her career in running, but is taking it step by step. (paragraph 10)

How's this for unintended consequences？ Some of the biggest beneficiaries(受惠者) of the women's movement have been married men. According to a new study by the Pew Research Center, married men have a 60% higher average household income than they did in 1970, even adjusted for inflation. Unmarried men, on the other hand, only got a 16% bump.

One reason for the rise is that more men are marrying women who make more money than they do, mainly because there are more high-income women to go around. In 1970, just 4% of men ages 30 to 44 had wives who brought in more money than they did. By 2007, more than a fifth of men in that age range had wives who out-earned them. Members of this thriving demographic(人口统计学的) are effectively doubling their income or more when they wed, without doubling their costs.

Aside from the increase in white-collar women, the other trend behind the Pew numbers is that marriage rates have declined most sharply among the least educated men and women, which helps explain why the average household income figures for married men have pulled even further ahead of those for their single counterparts. More of the least rich are unmarried than before.

The study, which drew on household income data from the Decennial Census and the 2007 American Community Survey, showed that the biggest gainers were married college-educated men. The biggest losers were unmarried men who did not complete high school or who only had a high school diploma. After adjusting for inflation, the 2007 unmarried low-income men and women had lower household incomes than their 1970 counterparts. "The steeper decline in marriage among the less educated has contributed to a steeper decline in their income," says one of the study's authors, D'Vera Cohn.

The trend has a dark side, says Dalton Conley, social sciences dean at New York University. "High-income women marrying high-income men is one of the drivers of inequality," he says. "It affects the distribution of income between families." He notes that among college-educated high-income couples, the divorce rate is getting lower, while unmarried low-income men and women tend to partner up and then uncouple more rapidly. "This leads to family instability and a cycle of disadvantage," says Conley.

What do we know about the unmarried men, according to the last sentence of the first paragraph？

A．They got a 16% increase in household income.

B．They got a 16% decrease in household income.

C．Only 16% of them were in financial difficulty.

D．Only 16% of them earned more than in 1970.

, Nebraska, was taken off state highway maps. Then the church closed, and the small farm village in the state's northeast comer looked set to just disappear. Thanks to five devoted women, it didn't.

In May 2001, after meeting with staff from the Center for Rural Affairs, the friends -- Louise Guy, Vicky Koch, Jeanette Pinkelan, Mary Rose Pinkelman and Violet Pinkelman -- opened a weekend market for vendors (小商贩) to sell handcrafts and local food.

"We felt like, what can we do to bring the community together？" says Mary Rose Pinkelman. "We decided to make a place to sell local goods." They set up shop in the church school, which, though closed for nearly 40 years, had been well maintained. The first weekend, 16 vendors took over an old classroom. The result was an instant hit. Today, the market draws up to 70 vendors -- who sell such items as homemade jellies, baked goods, hand-woven rugs, and farm-grown produce -- and what Pinkelman calls an unexpected number of visitors. In the process, the market has made St. James a destination again, putting it back on the state road map.

According to Paragraph 1, what fate was St. James, Nebraska suffering ？

A．The replacement of the church.

B．The disappearance from highway maps.

C．The closedown of the bar.

D．The set-up of a market.

根据材料请回答 16～22

Interview

The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist are reflected in several books that have been written on the topic." Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the "how to” aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications.Much of the "how to" material is based on personal experiences and general impressions.As we know, in jour-nalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice.Such study brings together evidence from which generalized principles can be de-veloped.

There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself.On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research arti- cles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written.

Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers.Unhappy, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons.

First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than any other form. of interviewing.

Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that con-ducted by physicians and psychologists.In these situations the professional person or in-terviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help.Another familiar situation is the job interview.However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by te-levision.And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers.Even so, the understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interview, requires thoughtful analysis 'and even study, as this book indicates.

第 16 题 The main idea of the first paragraph is that importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing.

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

Notes

1. By a rough estimate made by the Consumer Project on Technology based on a compulsory license that West granted to the U. S. Justice Department, the cost of renting access to a single year of federal court cases—some 15,000 cases—comes to $40,500 for a single user.

2. The most comprehensive history of the struggle to break West Publishing's monopoly and institute a regime of universal citation for federal cases is an essay by Jol Silversmith, "Universal Citation: The Fullest Possible Dissemination of Judgments," originally published in the now-defunct Internet Legal Practice Newsletter in May 1997.

3. Franz Kafka, The Trial (translated by Willa and Edwin Muir, 1988), cited in Silversmith, ibid.

4. See, e. g. , Reuter, "Justices, Judges Took Favors from Publisher with Pending Cases," Washington Post, March 6, 1995; John J. Odlund, "Debate Rages Over Who Owns the Law," The Minneapolis Star Tribune. March 5-6, 1995, reprinted in the Congressional Record, July 28, 1995 (Senate).

5. HyperLaw Inc. v. West Publishing. See David Cay Johnston, "West Publishing Loses a Decision on Copyright," New York Times, May 21, 1997, p. D1.

6. The courts in Great Britain, however, have adopted a public-domain, technology-neutral citation system based upon paragraph numbering. See "Neutral Citation of Judgments System is Introduced", The Times (London), January 16, 2001.

Which of the following is the note that has touched upon British courts？

A．Note 2.

B．Note 4.

C．Note 5.

D．Note 6.

A、point by point and subject by subject

B、item by item and paragraph by paragraph

C、point by point and paragraph by paragraph

D、item by item and point by point