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Most animals know how to relax and they know the importance of______ (relax) to their survival.
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Passage Four
Most people do not think of fishes and other sea animals as having voices, and of those who are aware of the fact that many of them can "speak", few understand that these "conversations" have significance. Actually, their talk may be as meaningful as much of our own. For example, some sea animals use their "voices" to locate their food in the ocean expanses (广阔的区域); others use their "voices" to let their fellows know of their locations; and still others, as a means of obtaining mates. Sometimes, "speaking" may even mean the difference between life and death to a sea animal. It appears in some cases that when a predator (食肉动物) approaches, the prey (被捕的动物) depends on no more than the sounds it makes to escape.
Fish sounds are important to man, also. By listening to them, he can learn a great deal about he habits of creatures that make them, the size of the School they form, the patterns of their migrations, and the nature of the environments in which they live. He can also apply this nformation to the more effective utilization of the listening spots he has set up to detect enemy submarines (潜水艇). A knowledge of fish sounds can avoid confusion and unneeded effort when a "new" sound is picked up and the sound sentry (哨兵) must decide whether or not to call an alarm.
46. Among the people who know that many sea animals have voices, few ______.
A. know the meaning of their conversations
B. realize that they can communicate with each other
C. realize that they can make speeches
D. could understand their conversations
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE
Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese.
We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or ploughed the field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest ill s in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, hut they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized.
One of the most usual color schemes that helps animals to keep【B10】being seen, is a dark back and light underpants, if an animal is the same color all over, there is always a dark shadow along the animal's belly(腹部). Even if an enemy couldn't see the animal he could see this dark shadow.
【B1】
A．helps
B．contributes
C．tries
D．manages
When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food. Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed. The most famous migration(迁移) is probably the migration of the fish, which is called " salmon". This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water. There it spends its life. When it is cold, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water. Then it gives birth and dies there. In northern Europe, there is a kind of mouse. They leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded. They move down to the low land. Sometimes they move to the seaside and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea.
Recently, scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobster (龙虾) . Every year, when the season of the bad weather arrives, the lobsters get into a long line and start to walk across the floor of the ocean. Nobody knows why they do this, and nobody knows where they go.
So, sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another, but at other times we don't. Maybe living things just like to travel.
The majority of animals migrate for______.
A．place
B．safety
C．food
D．warmth
When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food. Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed. The most famous migration (迁移) is probably the migration of fish, which is called "salmon". This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water. There it spends its life. When it is old, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water. Then it gives birth and dies there. In northern Europe, there is a kind of mouse. They leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded. They move down to the low land. Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside, and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea.
Recently, scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobster (龙虾). Every year, when the season of bad weather arrives, the lobsters get into a long line and start to walk across, the floor of the ocean. Nobody knows why they do this, and nobody knows where they go.
So, sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another, but at other times we don't. Maybe living things just like to travel.
Most animals move from one place to another at a certain time to ______.
A．give birth
B．enjoy warmer weather
C．find food more easily
D．find beautiful places
When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food. Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed. The most famous migration(迁移)is probably the migration of fish, which is called"salmon". This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water. There it spends its life. When it is old, it returns to its birth- place in fresh water. Then it gives birth and dies there. In northern Europe, there is a kind of mouse. They leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded. They move down to the low land. Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside, and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea.
Recently, scientists have studied the migration of kind of lobster (龙虾). Every year, when the season of bad weather arrives, the lobsters get into a long line and start to walk across the floor of the ocean. Nobody knows why they do this, and nobody knows where they go.
So, sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another, but at other times we don't. Maybe living things just like to travel.
Most animals move from one place to another at a certain time to ______.
A．give birth
B．enjoy warmer weather
C．find food more easily
D．find beautiful places
Restoration of the external appearance of an extinct animal has little or no scientific value. It does not even help in inferring what the activities of the living animal were, how fast it could run, what its food was, or such other conclusions as are important for the history of life. However, what most people want to know about extinct animals is what they looked like when they were alive. Scientists also would like to know. Things like fossil shells present no great problem as a rule, because the hard parts are external when the animal is alive and the outer appearance is actually preserved in the fossils.
Animals in which the skeleton is internal present great problems of restoration, and honest restorers admit that they often have to use considerable guessing. The general shape and contours of the body are fixed by the skeleton and by muscles attached to the skeleton, but surface features, which may give the animal its really characteristic look, are seldom restorable with any real probability of accuracy. The present often helps to interpret the past. An extinct animal presumably looked more or less like its living relatives, if it has any. This, however, may be quite equivocal. For example, extinct members of the horse family are usually restored to look somewhat like the most familiar living horses — domestic horses and their closest wild relatives. It is, however, possible and even probable that many extinct horses were striped like zebras. If lions and tigers were extinct they would be restored to look exactly alike. No living elephants have much hair and mammoths, which are extinct elephants, would doubtless be restored as hairless if we did not happen to know that they had thick, woolly coats. We know this only because mammoths are so recently extinct that prehistoric men drew pictures of them and that the hide and hair have actually been found in a few specimens. For older extinct animals we have no such clues.
According to the passage, the soft part of fossilized animals
A．can always be accurately identified.
B．have usually left some traces.
C．can usually be reconstructed.
D．have always vanished without any trace.
Animal Intelligence
Are Animals intelligent？ If they are, which animals are the most intelligent？ These are not easy questions to answer. In the first place, no one is quite sure what intelligence is.
We often say that intelligence means being able to solve problems.(46). For example, dogs and cats often find their way home from long distances. To do this they have to use their intelligence. They have to remember and think. But many birds find their way over long distances, too. They travel thousands of miles every year when they move from cool to warmer places. We do not know how they do this but we know that they do not use their intelligence.
(47). Young birds are able to make these journeys without help as soon as they can fly. They are born with this ability. This is not intelligence. We call this 'instinct'.
Often we cannot be sure whether an animal is acting intelligently or instinctively. When a dog hears a strange noise, it barks. This is instinct. It cannot stop itself from doing this. It does not really know why it is doing this. But supposing a house is on fire and the dog barks outside its master's bedroom until he wakes up, is the dog using its intelligence？(48). Often we cannot be sure.
Many animals, however, can be taught to sole problems, especially when they are given rewards. Rats have been taught to press a lever to get food. Pigeons have been taught to peck a disc for the same reason. Even an octopus (章鱼) has been trained to know the difference between a square and an oblong (长方形) ! Animals in circuses have been taught to do all sorts of tricks to amuse an audience.(49). It is saying, " if I do this, I will get a reward. Therefore I will do it." This may be thought of as a low kind of intelligence.
Some animals, however, show a much higher kind of intelligence. They solve problems without any help. Chimpanzees, one of the ape family, are much more intelligent than other animals. A chimpanzee once did something even more intelligent. He did not have a stick. He had two short tubes. Neither of the tubes was long enough to reach the banana but one was wider than the other. He jammed the narrow tube inside the wider tube and in this way made one tube long enough to reach the banana(50).
A Is it solving the problem by waking its master or is it simply barking instinctively because it is afraid？
B Chimpanzees can solve certain problems without any help.
C Some animals seem able to do this.
D In all these cases we may say that an animal is using intelligence.
E In other words, he did not simply use a tool, which itself is intelligent: he made a tool.
F They do not remember places and directions and then make decisions.
(31)
A．number
B．length
C．depth
D．width
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