题目内容
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Both the blue pink and the blue dressesarepretty but I like the _____ better.
A.earlier
B.beginner
C.former
D.first
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更多“Both the blue pink and the blue dressesarepretty but I like the _____ better.A.earlierB.be”相关的问题
Excessive poverty is probably more prevalent in the U. S. than in any of the countries that have a better infant mortality rate and female life expectancy at birth. This is probably true also for all but four or five of the countries with a longer male life expectancy. In the notably poor counties that exceed us in male survival, difficult living conditions are a more accepted way of life and in several of them, a good basic diet, basic medical care and basic education, and lifelong employment opportunities are an everyday fact of life. In the U. S. a motional unemployment level of 10 percent can be 40 percent in the ghetto while less than 4 percent elsewhere. The countries that have surpassed us in health do not have such severe or entrenched problems. Nor are such a high proportion of their people involve in them.
Excessive affluence is not so obvious a cause of ill health, but, at least until recently, few other nations could afford such unhealthful ways of living, excessive intake of animal protein and fats, dangerous intake of alcohol and use of tobacco and drugs (prescribed and proscribed), and dangerous recreational sports and driving habits are all possible only because of affluence. Our heritage, desires, opportunities, and our machismo, combined with the relatively low cost of had foods and speedy vehicles, make us particularly vulnerable to our affluence. And those who are not affluent try harder. Our unacceptable health status, then, will not be improved appreciably by expanded medical resources nor by their redistribution so much as by a general attempt to improve the quality of life for all.
All of the following are mentioned in the passage as factors affecting the health of the population EXCEPT ______.
A．the availability of medical care services
B．the genetic endowment of individuals
C．the nation's relative position in health status
D．an individual's own behavior
听力原文： As companies increasingly test new drugs in other countries, they are struggling to decide what, if anything, they owe the patients who served as test subjects. Some companies have chosen not to sell their drugs in the countries where they were tested; Others have marketed their drugs there, but few patients in those countries can afford them. The issue is especially difficult when it comes to drugs that do not save lives but can vastly improve the quality of life. Nobody knows for sure how many patients in other countries have had to forgo drugs that improved their lives when clinical trials ended, and companies do not give out patients' names, to protect their privacy. But the issue is very much on the minds of company researchers and executives.
Ethicists say that they, too, are troubled but that their field has reached no consensus on what companies should do. "Do we have an obligation to everyone in the trial or to everyone in the community, the province, the nation, the region of the world？" asked Dr. Ruth Faden, the director of the Phoebe R. Berman Bioethics Institute at Johns Hopkins University. "We haven't really figured this out."
Yet, Dr. Faden said, "many physician investigators feel uncomfortable with the idea of using patients in studies and then not being able to continue to help them when the trial ends."
Companies must make business decisions about where to market their drugs, figuring out whether they can earn enough money to justify applying for approval, setting up business offices and hiring a sales force. If they decide not to market a drug in a given country, they are unlikely to provide it to patients there free of charge. To provide a drug for what medical professionals call compassionate use, companies must set up a distribution system, train doctors to administer the drugs, monitor patients for adverse effects and track the results.
Whether to undertake a compassionate-use program for drugs that improve the quality of life but do not prolong it poses "a delicate question", said Tony Plohoros, a spokesman for Merck, a company that has systems to distribute lifesaving drugs in poor countries where there is a need.
The issue is especially difficult for small companies that as yet have no products on the market. A small company cannot afford to set up a marketing system in countries where few can buy the drug, or a distribution system to give its drugs away.
In the United States, patients who participate in clinical trials often continue to receive the drug being tested until it is approved. After that, they can buy it or, if they cannot afford it, apply to special programs that most companies offer to help people who could not otherwise get drugs they need.
But with the exception of AIDS drugs, which companies provide free or at low cost to patients in poor countries, there is no industry consensus about what to do internationally, especially when drugs are not lifesaving. And even when companies market their drugs in poor countries, they tend not to set up a system to give the drugs away to study subjects after a clinical trial ends.
Ethicists acknowledge that companies are businesses and accountable to investors.
But on the other hand, Dr. Gostin said, there is something troubling about "parachute research", in which a company drops into a country, conducts its research and then leaves.
"It raises the question of what ethical obligation, if any, there might be to give back and make sure there is access to the drug after the trials are over," Dr. Gostin said.
The participants in a study take a risk to help a company determine if its drug is safe and effective, he said, and "it seems to me that there is an ethical obligation to give back."
(41)
A、won’t have any questions
B、won’t have any questions
C、will look quite stupid
D、wont’ be interested in it
A、Zhuyu is a kind of herb.
B、People usually hang Zhuyu on the door.
C、Zhuyu could eliminate diseases and subjugate disasters.
D、People like wearing Zhuyu on usual days.
A、Pyrometallurgy (火法冶金）
B、Hydrometallurgy（湿法冶金）
C、Electrorefining（电解精炼）
D、Electrometallurgy（电冶金）
A.reward
B.prized
C.gave
D.Paid
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