题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A、Expert power
B、Position power
C、Physical power
D、Physical power
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Instrumental leaders may enjoy a more distant respect.
A．正确
B．错误
According to the author, which of the following statement is TRUE？
A．A group of people may solve problems more effectively than an individual.
B．The efficiency of a group is worst in the world.
C．A group will not be efficient in dealing with national policies
D．Effective leaders often solve the problems themselves
It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A．women should be made leaders of human society
B．God used to be a woman before he became a man
C．a world ruled by women may be a peaceful one
D．a male-dominated society seem to be more stable
er in another group.
B．Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.
C．A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.
D．Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.
The writer believes that the fate of the world may depend upon ______.
A．man's present contentment with his own humaneness
B．conscious deliberations at the conference table
C．a balance between the conscious and the unconscious in the minds of our leaders
D．the efforts of scientists to produce the technical means to destroy the enemy
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of "natural leaders". It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done". Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's member. Expressive leader are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.
Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group's goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a distant respect.
The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT______.
A．recruitment
B．formal election process
C．specific leadership training
D．traditional cultural patterns
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of "natural leaders". It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done". Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-beings of a social group's members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.
Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may discipline group members who inhibit (阻碍) attainment of the group's goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to 'resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.
What does the passage mainly discuss？
A．The problems faced by leaders.
B．How leadership differs in small and large groups.
C．How social groups determine who will lead them.
D．The role of leaders in social groups.
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