题目内容
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A．Language and thought definitely influence each other.
B．It is impossible to understand the relationship between the two.
C．What we think certainly determines what we say.
D．What we say very probably affects what we think.
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To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human inventions. Everyoneknows that if he shouts near a wall or a mountainside, an echo will come back. The further off this solid obstacle, the longer time it will take for the return of the echo. A sound made by tapping on the main body of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom, and by measuring the time interval between the taps andthe receipt of the echoes the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated.So was born the echo-sounding equipment, now in general use in ships. Every solid object will reflect a sound, varying according to the size and nature of the object. A shoal of fish will do this. So it is a comparatively simple step fromlocating the sea bottom to locating a shoal of fish. With experience, and with improved equipment, it is now possible not only to locate fish but to tell if it is herring, cod, or other well-known fish, by the pattern of its echo.
A few years ago it was found that certain bats emit squeaks (吱吱声) and by receiving ’he echoes they could locate and steer clear of obstacles--or locate flying insects on which they feed.This echolocation in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.@@@@@@@ Choose correct answers to the question:
The main purpose of this passage is to ______.
A.describe that animals can make different sounds
B.prove that animals’ voices can play practical roles
C.inspire the readers to make more inventions
D.startle the readers with some shocking facts
The discovery of echolocation may help with all of the following EXCEPTA.measuring the depth of the sea
B.distinguishing different kinds of fish
C.improving the functions of radar
D.varying the size and nature of an object
By saying "A shoal of fish will do this"(Lines 6-7, Para 2), the author means ________.A.only one special kind of fish can reflect sounds
B.only one special kind of fish can be used to help locate a ship
C.a large group of fish can reflect sounds
D.a large group of fish can be used to help locate a ship
As it is discussed in the passage, the squeaks of bats can be functionally compared with ________.A.human languages
B.a mountainside
C.a shoal of fish
D.taps on a ship
Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage？A.Animals are more intelligent than humans.
B.Humans are more intelligent than animals.
C.Animals are often compared with human inventions.
D.Humans are often inspired by animals.
A、stable
B、solid
C、unalterable
D、fluctuating
A、language is just a device for reporting a person's experience.
B、two languages can represent the same social reality.
C、the social reality can be conveyed to a person who does not speak the language.
D、language may influence the organization of our knowledge in some way.
B．Spanish nouns have two genders.
C．German nouns are either masculine or feminine.
D．The issues of gender vary across languages.
A．Misdirecting defendants in their testimonials.
B．Extending the sentences of defiant defendants.
C．Charging at defendant and provoking violence.
D．Verbal abuse of defendants and witnesses.
Every summer, the peacocks that roam free within Whipsnade Wild Animal Park in Bedfordshire expose their magnificent trains to the critical and often disdainful gaze of the hens. They re-enact the mystery that tormented Charles Darwin to his dying day. how in this competitive world, where nature—as Tennyson said—is red in tooth and claw, could birds have evolved such an obvious extravagance？ How do they get away with it？ The zoologist Marion Petrie and her colleagues of the Open University are now exploiting the quasi-wild conditions of Whipsnade to try, a century after Darwin's death, to settle the matter.
Darwin argued that living creatures came to be the way they are by evolution, rather than by special creation; and that the principal mechanism of evolution was natural selection. That is, in a crowded and hence competitive world, the individuals best suited to the circumstances—the "fittest"—are the most likely to survive and have offspring.
But the implication is that fittest would generally mean toughest, swiftest, cleverest, most alert. The peacock's tail, by contrast, was at best a waste of space and in practice a severe encumbrance; and Darwin felt obliged to invoke what he felt was a separate mechanism of evolution, which he called "sexual selection". The driving mechanism was simply that females liked in his words—"beauty for beauty's sake".
But Darwin's friend and collaborator, Alfred Russel Wallace, though in many ways more "romantic" than Darwin, was in others even more Darwinian. "Beauty for beauty's sake" he wanted nothing of. If peahens chose cocks with the showiest trains, he felt, then it must be that they knew what they were about. The cocks must have some other quality, which was not necessarily obvious to the human observer, but which the hens themselves could appreciate. According to Wallace, then, the train was not an end in itself, but an advertisement for some genuine contribution to survival.
Now, 100 years later, the wrangle is still unresolved, for the natural behavior. of peafowl is much harder to study than might be imagined. But 200 birds at Whipsnade, which live like wild birds yet are used to human beings, offer unique opportunities for study. Marion Petrie and her colleagues at Whipsnade have identified two main questions. First, is the premise correct—do peahens really choose the males with the showiest trains？ And, secondly, do the peacocks with the showiest trains have some extra, genuinely advantageous quality, as Wallace supposed, or is it really all show, as Darwin felt？
In practice, the mature cocks display in groups at a number of sites around Whipsnade, and the hens judge one against the other. Long observation from hides, backed up by photographs, suggests that the hens really do like the showiest males. What seems to count is the number of eye, spots on the train, which is related to its length; the cocks with the most eye-spots do indeed attract the most mates.
But whether the males with the best trains are also "better" in other ways remains to be pinned down. William Hamilton of Oxford University has put forward the hypothesis that showy male birds in general, of whatever species, are the most parasite free, and that their plumage advertises their disease-free state. There is evidence that this is so in other birds. But Dr. Petrie and her colleagues have not been able to assess the internal parasites in the Whipsnade peacocks to test this hypothesis. This year, however, she is comparing the offspring of cocks that have in the past proved attractive to hens with the offspring of cocks that hens find unattractive. Do the children of the attractive cocks grow faster？ Are they more healthy？ If so, then the females' choice will be seen to be utilitarian after all, just as Wallace predicted.
There is a final twist to this continuing story. The great mathematician and biologist R.A. Fisher in the thirties propos
A．To show that a peacock's train serves no useful purpose.
B．To solve a problem that Charles Darwin could not solve.
C．To compare peacocks in the wild with those in captivity.
D．To demonstrate that Charles Darwin's theory was wrong.
A．To check whether the birds have inherited diseases.
B．To discover whether the breed is becoming bigger in general.
C．To learn about the reasons behind the peahen's choice of mates.
D．To study the development of various species.
Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
听力原文：W: Mr. Roger, how long you have worked on your house! That's wonderful!
M: I became interested in DIY several years ago. You see, my son Thomas is disabled. He's in a wheel chair and I just had to make alternations to the house. I couldn't afford to pay workmen to do it. I have to learn to do it myself.
W: Had you had any experience of this kind of work？ Did you have any practical skills？
M: No, I got a few books from the library but they didn't help very much. Then I decided to go to evening classes so that I could learn basic carpentry and electrics.
W: What sort of changes did you make to the house？
M: First of all, practical things to help Thomas. You never really realize the problems handicapped people have until it affects your own family. We used to live in a flat and it was totally unsuitable. Just imagine the problems a disabled person would have in your house. We needed a large house with wide corridors so that Thomas could get from one room to another. We didn't have much money and we had to buy this one. It's over 90 years old and it was in a very bad state of repair.
W: Where did you begin？
M: The electrics. I completely rewired the house so that Thomas could reach all the switches. I had to lower the light switches.
W: What else did you do？
M: By the time I altered everything for Thomas, DIY had become a hobby. I really enjoyed doing things with my hands. Look, I even installed smoke alarms.
W: What was the purpose of that？
M: I was very worried about the fire. You see, Thomas cannot move very quickly. I fitted them so that we could have plenty of warning if there were a fire. I put in a completer burglar alarm system. It took weeks. The front door opens automatically, and I'm going to put a device on Thomas's wheelchair so that he'll be able to open and close it when he wants.
W: What are you working on now？
M: I've just finished the kitchen. I've designed it so that he can reach everything. Now I'm building an extension so that he will have a large room on the ground floor where he can work.
W: Here's a 10,000-pound prize. How are you going to spend it？
M: I'm going to start my own business so that I can convert ordinary houses for disabled people. I think I've become an expert on the subject.
Questions：
1. What has Mr. Roger done to his house？
2.Why did Mr. Roger do something to his house？
3.According to Mr. Roger, what will he do with money he has won？
4.How much is the prize？
5.Which of the following change is NOT mentioned in the conversation？
(21)
A．He painted it.
B．He renovated it.
C．He decorated it.
D．He altered it.
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