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According to this text, piloted space missions will need to be ______.
A．more exciting than earlier film versions.
B．supported by international organizations.
C．more cost-effective than they appear to be at present.
D．financed by individual governments.
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A．American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human resource management.
B．Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective human resource management.
C．The head of human resource management must be in the central position in a firm's hierarchy.
D．The human resource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity.
Having a good self-image means that people have positive 【25】______ pictures and good, positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable 【26】______ , and about the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are 【27】______ like others. Having a good self-image is based 【28】______ a realistic 【29】______ of one's own worth and value and capabilities.
Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful 【30】______ of our society. People of all ages 【31】______ stress. Children begin to 【32】______ stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress inducing 【33】______ in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to 【34】______ academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individuals 【35】______ to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well 【36】______ another may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individual's physical, social, and mental health are eventually affected.
Satisfying social relations are vital to 【37】______ mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to, 【38】______ , develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must 【39】______ the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence and help each other. They must also be capable of 【40】______ conflicts in a constructive way.
【21】
A．unstable
B．unsure
C．imprecise
D．impractical
Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style. of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.
These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community's population size and its social heterogeneity. For in- stance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior. including gambling, drugs, etc. large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior. seem to be outcomes of large population size.
Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?
A．Two contrasting views are presented.
B．An argument is examined and possible solutions given.
C．Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.
D．A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.
Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit seeking organizations and others for not-for-profit organizations.
Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specially, managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict.
Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most of ten assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators.
In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.
In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is ________.
A．wrong
B．oversimplified
C．misleading
D．unclear
A．The bank failures of the 1930' s were caused by restrictive courts.
B．Banking has not changed in the past 50 years.
C．The banking system is too restrictive, but no alternatives have been suggested.
D．Legislators apparently believe that banking problems similar to those of the Depression still exist today.
A．College student viewers.
B．Favorite TV serials.
C．Soap opera fans.
D．College-age viewers.
The creative shaping process of a technologist's mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists. For example, in designing a diesel engine, a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where the valves should be placed? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience, by physical requirements, by limitations of available space, and not least by a sense of form. Some decisions, such as wall thickness and pin diameter, may depend on scientific calculations, but the nonscientific component of design remains primary.
Design courses, then should be an essential element in engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, the stock-in-trade of the artist, not the scientist. Because perceptive processes are not assumed to entail "hard thinking", non- verbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engineering, the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students, but rather students attending architectural schools.
If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the back- ground required for practical problem-solving, are not provided, we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example, early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system. Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations; they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.
The author write this passage mainly to______.
A．introduce a new idea.
B．stress the importance of nonverbal thinking.
C．criticize the education for omitting an important part of knowledge.
D．propose a suggestion.
When highly gifted students in any domain talk about what was important to the development of their abilities, they are far more likely to mention their families than their schools or teachers. A writing prodigy (神童) studied by David Feldman and Lynn Goldsmith was taught far more about writing by his journalist father than his English teacher. High-IQ children, in Australia studied by Miraca Gross had much more positive feelings about their families than their schools. About half of the mathematicians studied by Benjamin Bloom had little good to say about school. They all did well in school and took honors classes when available, and some skipped grades.
The main point the author is making about schools is that______.
A．they should satisfy the needs of students from different family backgrounds.
B．they are often incapable of catering to the needs of talented students.
C．they should organize their classes according to the students' ability.
D．they should enroll as many gifted students as possible.
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