Why does the Foundation concentrate its support on basic rat..

第1题

Why does the Foundation concentrate its support on basic rather than applied research? Basic research is the very heart of science, and its cumulative product is the capital of scientific progress, a capital that must be constantly increased as the demands upon it rise. The goal of basic research is understanding, for its own sake. Understanding of the structure of the atom or the nerve ceil, the explosion of a spiral nebula or the distribution of cosmic dust, the causes of earthquakes and droughts, or of man as a behaving creature and of the social forces that are created whenever two or more human beings come into contact with one another--the scope is staggering, but the commitment to truth is the same. If the commitment were to a particular result, conflicting evidence might be Overlooked or, with the best will in the world, simply not appreciated. Moreover, the practical applications of basic research frequently cannot be anticipated. When Roentgen, the physicist, discovered X-rays, he had no idea of their usefulness to medicine.

Applied research, undertaken to solve specific practical problems, has an immediate attractiveness because the results can be seen and enjoyed. For practical reasons, the sums spent on applied research in any country always far exceed those for basic research, and the proportions are more unequal in the less developed countries. Leaving aside the funds devoted to research by industry--which is naturally far more concerned with applied aspects because these increase profits quickly--the funds the U.S. Government allots to basic research currently amount to about 7 percent of its overall research and development funds. Unless adequate safeguards are provided, applied research invariably tends to drive out basic. Then, as Dr. Waterman has pointed out, "Developments will inevitably be undertaken prematurely, career incentives will gravitate strongly toward applied science, and the opportunities for making major scientific discoveries will be lost. Unfortunately, pressures to emphasize new developments, without corresponding emphasis upon pure science tend to degrade the quality of the nation% technology in the long run, rather than to improve it."

The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is ______.

A．Roentgen's Ignorance of X-rays

B．The Attractiveness of Applied Research

C．The Importance of Basic Research

D．Basic Research vs. Applied Research

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第2题

Affective as well as cognitive goals should be examined in the review of an English lesson.

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第3题

The doctor assured Susan that the pain would ______one hour after she took the medicine.A.

The doctor assured Susan that the pain would ______one hour after she took the medicine.

A．wear out

B．wear down

C．wear away

D．wear on

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第4题

We'll visit Europe next year ______ we have enough money.A.lestB.untilC.unlessD.provided

We'll visit Europe next year ______ we have enough money.

A．lest

B．until

C．unless

D．provided

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第5题

What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A.To contemplate the philosophy underl

What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?

A．To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.

B．To examine the trend of young people living alone.

C．To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.

D．To review the impact of women becoming high earners.

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第6题

The domestic economy in the United States expanded in a remarkably vigorous and steady fashion. The revival in consumer confidence was reflected in the higher proportion of incomes spent for goods and services and the marked increase in consumer willingness to take on installment debt. A parallel strengthening in business psychology was manifested in a stepped-up rate of plant and equipment spending and a gradual pickup in expenses for inventory. Confidence in the economy was also reflected in the strength of the stock market and in the stability of the bond market. For the years as a whole, consumer and business sentiment benefited from the ease in East-West tensions.

The bases of the business expansion were to be found mainly in the stimulative monetary and fiscal policies that had been pursued. Moreover, the restoration of sounder liquidity positions and tighter management control of production efficiency had also helped lay the groundwork for a strong expansion. In addition, the economic policy moves made by the President had served to renew optimism on the business outlook while boosting hopes that inflation would be brought under more effective control. Final]y, of course, the economy was able to grow as vigorously as it did because sufficient leeway existed in terms of idle men and machines.

The United States balance of payments deficit declined sharply. Nevertheless, by any other test, the deficit remained very large, and there was actually a substantial deterioration in our trade account to a sizable deficit, almost two-thirds of which was with Japan. While the overall trade performance proved disappointing, there are still good reasons for expecting the delayed impact of devaluation to produce in time a significant strengthening in our trade picture. Given the size of the Japanese component of our trade deficit, however, the outcome will depend importantly on the extent of the corrective measures undertaken by Japan. Also important will be our own efforts in the United States to fashion internal policies consistent with an improvement in our external balance.

The underlying task of public policy for the year ahead--and indeed for the longer run--remained a familiar one: to strike the right balance between encouraging healthy economic growth and avoiding inflationary pressures. With the economy showing sustained and vigorous growth, and with the currency crisis highlighting the need to improve our competitive posture internationally, the emphasis seemed to be shifting to the problem of inflation. The Phase Three Program of wage and price restraint can contribute to reducing inflation. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large; however, the expansion of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the economy's larger run growth potential if generalized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided.

The author mentions increased installment debt in the first paragraph in order to show ______.

A．the continuing expansion of the economy

B．the growth of consumer purchasing power

C．the consumers' confidence in the economy

D．the soaring consumer incomes for spending

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第7题

Many people invest in the stock market hoping to find the next Microsoft and Dell. However, I know【21】personal experience how difficult this really is. For more than a year, I was【22】hundreds and sometimes thousands of dollars a day investing in the market. It seemed so easy. I dreamed of【23】my job at the end of the year, of buying a small apartment in Paris, of traveling around the world. But these dreams【24】to a sudden and dramatic end when a stock I【25】, Texas cellular phone wholesaler, fell by more than 75 percent【26】a one year period. On the【27】day, it plunged by more than $15 a share. There was a rumor the company was【28】sales figures. That was when I learned how quickly Wall Street【29】companies that misrepresent the【30】.

In a【31】, I sold all my stock in the company, paying【32】margin debt with cash advances from my【33】card. Because I owned so many shares, I【34】a small fortune, half of it from money I borrowed from the brokerage company. One month, I am a【35】, the next, a loser. This one big loss was my first lesson in the market.

My father was a stockbroker, as was my grandfather【36】him. (In fact, he founded one of Chicago's earliest brokerage firms.) But like so many thing in life, we don't learn anything until we【37】it for ourselves. The only way to really understand the inner【38】of the stock market is to invest your own hard-earned money. When all your stocks are doing【39】and you feel like a winner, you learn very little. It's when all your stocks are losing and everyone is questioning your stock-picking【40】that you find out if you have what it takes to invest in the market.

(21)

A．at

B．in

C．from

D．by

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Why does the Foundation concentrate its support on basic rather than applied research？ Bas