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A.A. to
B.B. with
C.C. for
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The New Zealand Life Sciences Network, an association of pro GM scientists and organizations, says the view expressed by Elaine Ingham, a soil biologist at Oregon State University in Corvallis, was exaggerated and irresponsible. It has asked her university to discipline her.
But Ingham stands by her comments and says the complaints are an attempt to silence her. "They're trying to cause trouble with my university and get me fired", Ingham told New Scientist.
The controversy began on 1 February, when Ingham testified before New Zealand's Royal Commission on Genetic Modification, which will determine how to regulate GM organisms. Ingham claimed that a GM version of a common soil bacterium could spread and destroy plants if released into the wild. Other researchers had previously modified the bacterium to produce alcohol from organic waste. But Ingham says that when she put it in soil with wheat plants, all of the plants died within a week.
"We would lose terrestrial(陆生的) plants...this is an organism that is potentially deadly to the continued survival of human beings," she told the commission. She added that the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) canceled its approval for field tests using the organism once she had told them about her research in 1999. But last week the New Zealand Life Sciences Network accused Ingham of "presenting inaccurate, careless and exaggerated information" and "generating speculative dooms-day scenarios(世界末日的局面) that are not scientifically supportable". They say that her study doesn't even show that the bacteria would survive in the wild, much less kill massive numbers of plants. What's more, the network says that contrary to Ingham's claims, the EPA was never asked to consider the organism for field trials.
The EPA has not commented on the dispute. But an e-mail to the network from Janet Anderson, director of the EPA's bio-pesticides(生物杀虫剂)division, says "there is no record of a review and/or clearance to field test" the organism.
Ingham says EPA officials had told her that the organism was approved for field tests, but says she has few details. It's also not clear whether the organism, first engineered by a German institute for biotechnology, is still in use.
Whether Ingham is right or wrong, her supporters say opponents are trying unfairly to silence her;
"I think her concerns should be taken seriously. She shouldn't be harassed in this way," says Ann Clarke, a plant biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who also testified before the commission. "It's an attempt to silence the opposition."
The passage centers on the controversy ______.
A．between American and New Zealand biologists over genetic modification
B．as to whether the study of genetic modification should be continued
C．over the possible adverse effect of a GM bacterium on plants
D．about whether Elaine Ingham should be fired by her university
The New Zealand Life Sciences Network，an association of pro-GM scientists and organisations，says the view expressed by Elaine Ingham，a soil biologist at Oregon State University in Corvallis，was exaggerated and irresponsible． It has asked her university to discipline her．
But Ingham stands by her comments and says the complaints are an attempt to silence her． “They’re trying to cause trouble with my university and get me fired,”Ingham told New Scientist．
The controversy began on 1 February，when Ingham testified before New Zealand’s Royal Commission on Genetic Modification，which will determine how to regulate GM organisms． Ingham claimed that a GM version of a common soil bacterium could spread and destroy plants if released into the wild． Other researchers had previously modified the bacterium to produce alcohol from organic waste． But Ingham says that when she put it in soil with wheat plants，all of the plants died within a week．
“We would lose terrestrial （生的）plants．．．this is an organism that is potentially deadly to the continued survival of human beings，”she told the commission． She added that the U．S．Environmental Protection Agency （EPA．canceled its approval for field tests using the organism once she had told them about her research in 1999．
But last week the New Zealand Life Sciences Network accused Ingham of “presenting inaccurate，careless and exaggerated information”and “generating speculative doomsday scenarios （世界末日的局面）that are not scientifically supportable”． They say that her study doesn’t even show that the bacteria would survive in the wild，much less kill massive numbers of plants． What’s more，the network says that contrary to Ingham’s claims，the EPA was never asked to consider the organism for field trials．
The EPA has not commented on the dispute． But an e-mail to the network from Janet Anderson，director of the EPA’s bio-pesticides （生物杀虫剂）division，says “there is no record of a review and/or clearance to field test”the organism．
Ingham says EPA officials had told her that the organism was approved for field tests，but says she has few details． It’s also not clear whether the organism，first engineered by a German institute for biotechnology，is still in use．
Whether Ingham is right or wrong，her supporters say opponents are trying unfairly to silence her．
“I think her concerns should be taken seriously． She shouldn’t be harassed in this way,”says Ann Clarke，a plant biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who also testified before the commission． “It’s an attempt to silence the opposition．”
第21题：The passage centers on the controversy （）．
A．between American and New Zealand biologists over genetic modification
B．as to whether the study of genetic modification should be continued
C．over the possible adverse effect of a GM bacterium on plants
D．about whether Elaine Ingham should be fired by her university
The New Zealand Life Sciences Network, an association of pro-GM scientists and organizations, says the view expressed by Elaine Ingham, a soil biologist at Oregon State University in Corvallis, was exaggerated and irresponsible. It has asked her university to discipline her.
But Ingham stands by her comments and says the complaints are an attempt to silence her. "They're trying to cause trouble with my university and get me fired," Ingham told New Scientist.
The controversy began on 1 February, when Ingham testified before New Zealand's Royal Commission on Genetic Modification, which will determine how to regulate GM organisms. Ingham claimed that a GM version of a common soil bacterium could spread and destroy plants if released into the wild. Other researchers had previously modified the bacterium to produce alcohol from organic waste. But Ingham says that when she put it in soil with wheat plants, all of the plants died within a week..
"We would lose terrestrial(陆生的)plants... this is an organism that is potentially deadly to the continued survival of human beings," she told the commission. She added that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) canceled its approval for field tests using the organism once she had told them about her research in 1999.
But last week the New Zealand Life Sciences Network accused Ingham of "presenting inaccurate, careless and exaggerated information" and "generating speculative doomsday scenarios (世界末日的局面)that are not scientifically supportable". They say that her study doesn't even show that the bacteria would survive in the wild, much less kill massive numbers of plants. What's more, the network says that contrary to Ingham's claims, the EPA. was never asked to consider the organism for field trials.
The EPA has not commented on the dispute. But an e-mail to the network from Janet Anderson, director of the EPA's bio pesticides (生物杀虫剂)division, says "there is no record of a review and/or clearance to field test".
Ingham says EPA officials had told her that the organism was approved for field tests, but says she has few details. It's also not clear whether the organism, first engineered by a German institute for biotechnology, is still in use.
Whether Ingham is right or wrong, her supporters say opponents are trying unfairly to silence her.
"I think her concerns should be taken seriously. She shouldn't be harassed in this way," says Ann Clarke, a plant biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who also testified before the commission. "It's an attempt to silence the opposition."
The passage centers on the controversy ______.
A．between American and New Zealand biologists over genetic modification
B．as to whether the study of genetic modification should be continued
C．over the possible adverse effect of a GM bacterium on plants
D．about whether Elaine Ingham should be fired by her university
【C1】
A．on
B．with
C．out
D．in
Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
The study's authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you're just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students' self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, "I am lovable."
Those with low self-esteem didn't feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren't urged to think positive thoughts.
The paper provides support for newer forms for psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.
What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry？
A．It is a highly profitable industry.
B．It is based on the concept of positive thinking.
C．It was established by Norman Vincent Peale.
D．It has yielded positive results.
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like "I never do anything right" into positive ones like "I can succeed." But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right？ Is there power in positive thinking？
Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
The study's authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you're just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students' self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, "I am lovable."
Those with low self-esteem didn't feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren't urged to think positive thoughts.
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。
62. What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry？
A) It is a highly profitable industry.
B) It is based on the concept of positive thinking.
C) It was established by Norman Vincent Peale.
D) It has yielded positive results.
Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
The study's authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you're just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students' self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, "I am lovable."
Those with low self-esteem didn't feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren't urged to think positive thoughts.
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry？
A．It was established by Norman Vincent Peale.
B．It is based on the concept of positive thinking.
C．It is a highly profitable industry.
D．It has yielded positive results.
What is intelligence(智力)anyway？ When I was in the army I【C1】______an intelligence test that all soldiers took, and, against【C2】______of 100, scored 160. I had an auto-repair man once, who, on these intelligence tests, could not【C3】______have scored more than 80.【C4】______, when anything went wrong with my car I hurried to him—and he always【C5】______it. Well, then, suppose my auto-repair man designed questions for some intelligence tests. By every one of them Id prove myself a【C6】______In a world where I have to work with my hands, Id do poorly. Consider my auto-repair man【C7】______He had a habit of telling jokes. One time he said, "Doc, a deaf-and-dumb(聋哑)man【C8】______some nails. Having entered a store, he put two fingers together on the counter and made【C9】______movements with the other hand. The clerk brought him a hammer. He【C10】______his head and pointed to the two fingers he was hammering. The clerk brought him some nails. He picked out the right size and left. Well, Doc, the【C11】______man who came in was blind. He wanted scissors(剪刀).【C12】______do you suppose he asked for them？" I lifted my right hand and made scissoring movements with my first two fingers. He burst out laughing and said, " Why , you fool, he used his voice and asked for them. Ive been【C13】______that on all my customers today, but I knew【C14】______Id catch you. " "Why is that？" I asked. "Because you are so goddamned educated, Doc. I knew you couldnt be very【C15】______" And I have an uneasy feeling he had something there.
【C1】
A．failed
B．wrote
C．received
D．chose
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