Indeed, a recent public-service ___（）___

听力原文：Wasn't Patterson's recent book well received by the public？

(A) No, it will be published next month.

(B) It's a science fiction book.

(C) As far as I know, it didn't sell well.

(22)

A．

B．

C．

s around the world in recent times.

A．location

B．loadage

C．loyalty

D．lottery

dead. Its history is both【76】long and too recent for that, and indeed you will find many relics of it in modem Britain. But they are only relics connected chiefly with vague notions of good luck and【77】luck It is unlucky, for instance, to walk under a ladder, or to spill salt, or break a mirror, or to have【78】to do with number 13; whereas a horseshoe brings good【79】, and people jokingly 'touch wood'【80】prevent the return of a past misfortune. There are still many strange country remedies against sickness【81】are obviously superstitious. But the real measure of superstition is fear. In this【82】there is no superstition in Britain. British people as a whole do【83】believe in evil influences or evil spirits, Sickness and misfortune are not the【84】of witchcraft, but of dirt or chance or foolishness or inefficiency Witches belong【85】to history books.

(36)

听力原文： Science fiction is one of the most popular books today. Hundreds of tides are published every year and are read by all kinds of people. Furthermore, some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories. Science fiction is not a fairly new development in literature, its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. Modern science fiction writers don't write a bout men from Mars or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on science and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now. Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones. In an age where science fact frequently overtakes science fiction, the writer may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances.

(33)

A．Science fiction is not a fairly new in literature.

B．Science fiction is very popular with people today.'

C．Science fiction only deals with terrible ideas.,

D．Many successful films are based on science fiction stories.

ves leading them to form. marriages as happy as their parents. But other recent studies say marital【M1】______ breakups have mixed long-term effects, foster growth in some【M2】______ children and the resolve to build happier marriages of their own. In support of the second viewpoint, a recent Pew Research Center study suggests that when divorced parents remarry, the【M3】______ kids own marriages may benefit from the example of a parents second, happier union. Indeed, some 60% of children who grow up in stepfamilies say their marriages are closer than that of their own【M4】______ biological parents, says the Pew survey of 2,691 adults, conduct【M5】______ last October. Also, some 70% of people with step-relatives say they are very satisfied with their family lives, the Pew study shows. The study indicates that the stepkids may be benefiting【M6】______ from a parents positive bond with a stepparent. Still, blood is thicker than water. The 42% of Americans who have at least one step-relative typically feel a strong sense of【M7】______ obligation to their biological parent, child or sibling than their【M8】______ step-relatives, the Pew survey says. Significantly higher percentages of correspondents said they would feel obligated to【M9】______ provide financial help or care with a biological relative who was in【M10】______ trouble, compared with those who would help a step-relative who was in trouble.

【M1】

听力原文： In recent years, there have been an unusually large number of divorces in the United States. In the past, when two people manned each other, they intended to stay together for life, while today many people marry believing that they can always get a divorce if the marriage does not work out.

In the past, the large majority of Americans frowned at the idea of divorce. Furthermore, many people believed that getting a divorce was a luxury that only the rich could afford. Indeed, getting a divorce was very expensive. However, since so many people have begun to take a more casual view of marriage, it is interesting to note that the costs of getting a divorce are lower. In fact, wherever you go in the United States today, it is no unusual to see newspaper ads that pro vide information on how and where to get a cheap divorce.

Hollywood has always been known as the divorce capital of the world. The divorce rate among the movie stars is so high that it is difficult to know who is married to whom. Today, many movie stars change husbands and wives as though they were changing clothes. Until marriage again becomes a serious and important part of people's lives, we will probably continue to see a high rate of divorce.

(23)

A．They thought it quite acceptable.

B．They believed it to be a luxury.

C．They took it to be a trend.

D．They considered it avoidable.

larly jets from country to country as part of the job. This does not 【C1】______ mean that airlines ever 【C2】______ their business travelers. Indeed, companies like Lufthansa and Swissair would rightly argue that they have always 【C3】______ best for the executive class passengers. But many lines could be 【C4】______ of concentrating too heavily in the recent past 【C5】______ attracting passengers by volume, often at the 【C6】______ of regular travelers. Too often, they have seemed geared for quantity 【C7】______ than quality. Operating a major airline in the 1980s is essentially a 【C8】______ of finding the right mix of passengers. The airlines need to fill 【C9】______ the back end of their wide-bodied jets with low fare passengers, without forgetting that the front end should be filled with people who pay 【C10】______ more for their tickets.

It is no 【C11】______ that the two major airline bankruptcies in 1982 were among the companies 【C12】______ in cheap flights. But low fares require consistently full aircraft to make flights 【C13】______ viable (可行的), and in the recent recession the volume of traffic has not grown. Equally the large number of airlines jostling (争夺) for the 【C14】______ passengers has created a huge excess of capacity. The net result of excess capacity and cut-throat 【C15】______ driving down fares has been to push some airlines into 【C16】______ and leave many others hovering on the 【C17】______

Against this grim background, 【C18】______ is no surprise that airlines are turning increasingly 【C19】______ the business travelers to improve their rates of return. They have 【C20】______ much time and effort to establish exactly what the executive demands for sitting apart from the tourists.

【C1】

A．importantly

B．necessarily

C．fundamentally

D．essentially

larly jets from country to country as part of the job. This does not necessarily mean that airlines ever abandoned their business travelers. Indeed, companies like Lufthansa and Swissair would rightly argue that they have always catered best for the executive class passengers. But many lines could be accused of concentrating too heavily in the recent past on attracting passengers by volume, often at the expense of regular travelers. Too often, they have seemed geared for quantity rather than quality.

Operating a major airline in the 1980s is essentially a matter of finding the right mix of passengers. The airlines need to fill up the back end of their wide-bodied jets with low fare passengers, without forgetting that the front end should be filled with people who pay substantially more for their tickets.

It is no coincidence that the two major airline bankruptcies in 1982 were among the companies specializing in cheap flights. But low fares require consistently full aircraft to make flights economically viable, and in the recent recession the volume of traffic has not grown. Equally the large number of airlines jostling for the available passengers has created a huge excess of capacity. The net result of excess capacity and cut-throat competition driving down fare's has been to push some airlines into collapse and leave many others hovering on the brink.

Against this grim background, it is no surprise that airlines are turning increasingly towards the business travelers to improve their rates of return. They have invested much time and effort to establish exactly what the executive demands for sitting apart from the tourists.

High on the list of priorities is punctuality; an executive's time is money. In-flight service is another area where the airlines are jostling for the executive's attention. The free drinks and headsets and better food are all part of the lure.

One criticism against many international airlines is that they have, in the recent past, ______.

A．catered for the more wealthy people

B．given preferential treatment to executive clients

C．only met the needs of the regular travelers

D．marketed their service with the masses in mind

While there have been countless attempts at correlating sunspot cycles with

such diverse phenomena as the economy, crop yields, and the weather, there has

been little evidence to support these correlations. The past few decades have

Line seen a renewed interest in the sun-climate relationship with a comprehensive

(5) analysis of many different historical records of solar observation. Late in the

seventeenth century, a period known as the Maunder Minimum, there were

virtually no sunspots observed, indicating a "quiet" period in the sun's activity

coinciding with the height of a time known as the Little Ice Age, a period of

lower temperatures in Europe. Once this evidence had been synthesized, it has

(10) become much clearer that there are indeed robust correlations between the

Earth's temperature and sunspots. Perhaps the most important development in

the solar-climate link came when satellites were developed to measure, in rough

terms, the Total Solar Irradiance (TSI), a factor shown to be directly related to

these "activity" cycles. At the maxima of these cycles, there are more sunspots

(15) (magnetic phenomena that attenuate local irradiance), but new instruments

show that these dark sunspots are more than compensated for by bright areas on

the sun called faculae; therefore, the overall irradiance increases in

correspondence with higher numbers of sunspots.

Unfortunately, identifying this evident increase in minimum values as a

(20) trend provokes concern, as there have been only two minima ever measured in

this way. We must be aware that the warming trend in the surface temperature

goes far beyond the last two decades, and that an extension of the solar record

is necessary to assess whether solar activity and irradiance is indeed increasing

at the minima of the cycles and what the potential effect on the climate may be.

(25) The solar record has been extended by the use of the historical sunspot records

already mentioned and correlations have been drawn between solar irradiance

and the temperature curve since 1610, suggesting a predominant solar influence

in the pre-industrial period. But since 1860 only half the observed warming

could be attributable to the irradiance increase, indicating that some other

(30) influence is becoming more influential in controlling the temperature change:

most likely industrial carbon-dioxide.

Recent studies of global warming have necessitated a more comprehensive

effort to quantify the natural climate variability so that the residual change may

be attributed to the anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. This attempt

(35) at quantification of the many different forces effect on the climate has re-

emphasized the complexity of the climate system and the simultaneous

interaction of many influences. Solar irradiance may indeed account for some of

the temperature increases recorded over the last several decades, but as the

atmospheric CO2 rises, due to the exponential increase in emissions from

(40) industrial sources, the influence of solar variability on the Earth's climate will

most likely decrease, and its relative contribution will be far surpassed by

&n

A．presenting two competing scientific theories for the cause of post-industrial climate change and evaluating the body of evidence behind each one

B．giving a brief overview of some recent scientific developments in solar physics and explaining their possible implications for future research

C．discussing the successes in linking terrestrial phenomena with solar activity and indicating how they may have an impact on preventing further climate change

D．pointing out the success of a certain line of scientific inquiry into the terrestrial effects of solar activity while qualifying its successes with regard to climate change

E．outlining the specific reasons why a long standing problem in solar physics is thought to be soluble at last

ximately 1763 to 1789 was marked by internal conflicts among colonists. Inheritors of some of the viewpoints of early twentieth century Progressive historians such as Beard and Becker, these recent historians have put forward arguments that deserve evaluation.

The kind of conflict most emphasized by these historians is class conflict. Yet with the Revolutionary War dominating these years, how does one distinguish class conflict within that larger conflict？ Certainly not by the side a person supported. Although many of these historians have accepted the earlier assumption the Loyalists represented an upper class, new evidence indicates that Loyalists, like rebels, were drawn from all socioeconomic class. (It is nonetheless probably true that a larger percentage of the well-to-do joined the Loyalists than joined the rebels.) Looking at the rebels side, we find little evidence for the contention that lower-class rebels were in conflict with upper-class rebels. Indeed, the war effort against Britain tended to suppress class conflicts. Where it did not. the disputing rebels of one or another class usually became Loyalists. Loyalist thus operated as a safety valve to remove socioeconomic discontent that existed among the rebels. Disputes occurred, of course, among those who remained on the rebel side, but the extraordinary social mobility of eighteenth-century American society (with the obvious exception of slaves) usually prevented such disputes from hardening along class lines. Social structure was in fact so fluid -- thought recent statistics suggest a narrowing of economic opportunity as the latter half of the century progressed -- that to talk about social classes at all requires the use of loose economic categories such as rich, poor, and middle class, or eighteenth-century designations like "the better sort." Despite these vague categories one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed. Outside of New York, however, there were very few instances of openly expressed class antagonism.

Having said this, however, one must add that there is much evidence to support the further claim of recent historians that sectional conflicts were common between 1763 and 1789. The "Paxton Boys" incident and the Regulator movement are representative examples the widespread, and justified, discontent of western settlers against colonial or state governments dominated by eastern interests. Although undertones of class conflict existed beneath such hostility, the opposition was primarily geographical. Sectional conflict -- which also existed between North and South -- deserves further investigation.

In summary, historians must be careful about the kind of conflict they emphasize in eighteenth-century America. Yet those who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonists cannot fully understand the consensus without understanding the conflicts that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it.

The author considers the contentions made by the recent historians discussed in the passage to be ______.

A．potentially verifiable

B．partially justified

C．logically contradictory

D．ingenious but flawed