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发布时间：2022-01-07
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Companies in international business often conclude a deal through a process of offer-counteroffer-acceptance._____（）
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更多“Companies in international business often conclude a deal through a process of offer-counteroffer-ac…”相关的问题
第1题
Companies in international business often conclude a deal through a process of offer-counteroffer-acceptance._____()
第2题
Companies in international business often conclude a deal through a process of offer-counteroffer-acceptance._____()
第3题
Winston Churchill was one of the central statesmen of the 20 th century and, almost 50 years after his death, remains a subject of enduring fascination. Part of the current interest in this venerable figure can be attributed to two superb biographies written in the 1980s by historian William Manchester: “The Last Lion: Visions of Glory” and “The Last Lion: Alone.” These two books examined the first two-thirds of Churchill ’s life.
Unfortunately, after completing the second volume, Manchester ’s health declined and the rest of the project stalled. So great was public interest in the long-delayed final volume that it was the subject of a front page story in The New York Times.
Eventually, in 2003, Manchester asked his friend Paul Reid to complete the trilogy. Now, nearly a decade later, Reid has published The Last Lion, the final piece of this monumental undertaking. Reid starts when Churchill was appointed prime minister in May 1940 and follows him through his death in While most of this volume is appropriately devoted to World War II, it also includes the vast expansion of the British welfare state following the war, the start of the Cold War and the enormous dangers it carried, and the loss of the British Empire.
Reid has written a thorough and complete analysis of these years, and it is a worthy finale to the first two volumes. Exhaustively researched and carefully written, it draws on a full range of primary and secondary materials. This book will be essential reading for those who enjoyed the first two volumes and those with a deep interest in understanding this seminal figure and his place in history.
Reid does a wonderful job of capturing Churchill in all his complexity. He gives Churchill great praise for his personal courage and inspirational leadership during the dark days whenBritain stood alone, but he is equally clear about Churchill ’s poor strategic judgments, such as the efforts to defend Greece andCrete, the Allied assault on Anzio, and the decision to send the battleshipPrince of Walesand battle cruiser Repulse to theSouth China Seawithout adequate air cover where they were promptly sunk by the Japanese.
He highlights Churchill ’s naivet é in dealing with Soviet Premier Stalin in the early years of the war, but praises his prescience in anticipating Stalin ’s land grab in Eastern Europeat the end of the conflict. Reid also gives welcome attention to aspects of the war ― such as Churchill ’s fear that the United Statesmight decide to put its primary emphasis on defeating Japan regardless of the “Germany first ” understanding he shared with Roosevelt that have received little attention in other books.
What can be known about the two biographies of Churchill？
A.They were written in an interesting style.
B.They were written prior to Churchill ’s death.
C.They are mainly written from a historical point of view.
D.They have helped intrigue the readers over a long period.
Why did the biography once become a front page story in The New York Times？A.People were looking forward to the publication of the final volume.
B.Readers were angry with the author for the delay of the final volume.
C.The publication of the final volume was then a heatedly discussed issue.
D.Readers wanted to know who would be the new author of the final volume.
Why does the third volume prove to be worthy？A.It is widely read and welcomed by readers.
B.It involves enough details in Churchill ’s life.
C.It is based on thorough and reliable research.
D.It offers a unique understanding of Churchill.
What can we know about Churchill through the third volume？A.He is a man with complexity.
B.He pulled Britain through WWII.
C.He made many strategic mistakes.
D.He is courageous and inspirational.
第4题
International Trade Terms An intemational trade deal can involve up to four contracts and the importer must have a broad understanding of each of them. The four contracts are the contract of carriage , the export sales contract , the insurance contract and the contract of finance. There are three main areas of uncertainty as to which country's law will be applicable to their contracts; the difficulty emerging from inadequate and unreliable information; and the serious problem of the diversity of interpretation of th e various trade terms. The latter point can involve costly litigation and loss of much goodwill when a dispute over the interpretation of such terms arises.
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The role of Incoterms 1990 is to give the business person a set of international rules for the interpretation of the more commonly used terms such as FOB, CIF and EXW in foreign trade contracts. Such a range of terms enables the businessperson to decide which is the most suitable for their needs , knowing that the interpretation of terms will not vary by individual country.
It must be recognized, however, that it is not always possible to give a precise interpretation. In such situations one musL rely on the custom of the trade or port. Businesspersons are advised to use terms that are subject to varying interpretations as little as possible and to rely on the well-established and intemationally accepted terms. To avoid any-misunderstandings or disputes, the parties to the contract are well advised to keep trading customs of individual countries in mind when negotiating their export sales contract. However,parties to the contract may use Incoterms as the general basis of their contract , but may specify variations of them or additions to them relevant to the particular trade or circumstances. An example is the CIF plus war risk insurance. The seller would base his quotation accordingly. Special provisions in the individual contract between the parties willoverride[1] anything in the Incoterm provisions.
A point to bear especially in mind is the need for caution in the variation, for example, of CFR,CIF or DDP. The addition of a word or letter could change the contract and its interpretation. It is essential that any such variation be explicitly stated in the contract to ensure each party to the contract to be aware of its obligations and act accordingly.
The buyer and seller parties Lo the contract must especially bear in mind that Incoterms only defines their relationship in contract terms, andhas no bearin directly or indirectly on[2] the carriers' obligations to them as found in the contract of carriage. However,the law of carriage will determine how the seller should fulfil his obligation to deliver the goods to the carrier on board the vessel as found in FOB, CFR and CIF. A further point to bear in mind by the seller and buyer is that there is no obligation for the seller to procure an msurance policy for the buyer's benefit. However, in practice, many contracts request the buyer or seller to arrange insurance from the point of departure in the country of dispatch to the point of final destination chosen by the buyer.
Incoterms 1990 can be divided into recommended usage by modes of transport as under all modes (i. e. combined transport) , EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAF, DDP, DDU; conventional port/sea transport only FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF, DES, DEQ. Incoterms 1990 reflects the changes and development of international distribution during the past decade, especially the development of combined transportation and associated documentation together with electronic data interchange.
[1]比……重要
[2]与……没有直接或间接关系
Questions for reading :
第6题
地球上某点φ=40°N,λ=120°E,则它与赤道面的对称点是()
A．φ＝60°S，λ＝120°E
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B．φ＝40°S，λ＝120°E
C．φ＝40°N，λ＝060°W
D．φ＝40°S，λ＝060°W
第9题
如果某问卷是用来测量患者对护理工作满意度的,则()
A．必须报告此工具的重测信度
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B．必须报告该问卷的折半信度
C．可以报告该问卷的Cronbach’α即可
D．必须报告该问卷的复本信度
