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Americans get angry more often than the Fore people fromNew Guinea
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
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更多“Americans get angry more often than the Fore people fromNew GuineaA.RightB.Wrong”相关的问题
Why is this man so angry？ Wedon't know the reason, but we can see the emotion in his face.Whatever cultureyou have, you can understand the feeling that he is expressing.
Forty years ago, psychologistPaul Ekman of the University of California, San Francisco, became inter-ested in how people's faceshow their feelings. He took photographs of Americans expressing variousemo-tions. Then he showed them to the Fore people, who live in the jungle inNew Guinea.Most of the Fore had never seen foreign faces, but they easily understoodAmerican's expressions of anger, happiness, sadness,disgust, fear, andsurprise.
Then Ekman did the sameexperiment in reverse. He showed pictures of Fore faces to Americans,and theresults were similar. Americans had no problems reading the emotions on theFore people's faces. Ekman's research gave powerful support to the theory thatfacial expressions for basic emotions are the same everywhere. He did moreresearch inJapan,Brazil, andArgentina, and got the samere-sults.
According to Ekman, these sixemotions are universal because they are built into our brains. They developedto help us deal with things quickly that might hurt us. Some emotional triggersare universal as well. When something suddenly comes into sight, people feelfear, because it might be dangerous.But most emotional triggers are learned.For example, two people might smell newly cut grass. One reason spent wonderfulsummers in the country as a child, so the smell makes him happy. The otherperson remembers working very hard on a farm and being hungry, so he feels sad.
Once we make an emotionalassociation in our brain, it is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to changeit. "Emotion is the least changeable part of the brain. " says Ekman.But we can learn to manage our emotions better. For instance, we can be moreaware of things that make us angry, and we can think before we react.
There are many differencesbetween cultures, in their languages and customs. But a smile is exact-ly thesame everywhere.
Paul Ekman studies people's faces in different cultures.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers(慢跑者)jog, they don&39;t run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.
But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失). I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.
The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (多动症). Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.
A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school.
Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy(等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.
Most bullying（恃强凌弱）is found in schools where there is a tarmac(柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners fantasising about wildlife.
But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.
One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs.
Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.
The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.
In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.
Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, "A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour. " Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.
We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favour that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging.
Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物). For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that.
We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised. Without other living things around us we are less than human.
Five ways to find harmony with the natural world
Walk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.
Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere that’s not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed.
Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by yourself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with birdsong for background.
Learn: Expand your boundaries. Learn five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.
Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take a weekend break, a day-trip, get out there and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all.
What is the author’s profound belief？
A.People instinctively seek nature in different ways.
B.People should spend most of their lives in the wild.
C.People have quite different perceptions of nature.
D.People must make more efforts to study nature.
What does the author say people prefer for their children nowadays？
A.Personal freedom.
B.Things that are natural.
C.Urban surroundings.
D.Things that are purchased.
What does a study in Sweden show？
A.The natural environment can help children learn better.
B.More access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.
C.A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities.
D.Natural views can prevent children from developing ADHD.
Children who have chances to explore natural areas______.
A.tend to develop a strong love for science
B.are more likely to fantasise about wildlife
C.tend to be physically tougher in adulthood
D.are less likely to be involved in bullying
What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD？
A.Find more effective drugs for them.
B.Provide more green spaces for them.
C.Place them under more personal care.
D.Engage them in more meaningful activities.
In what way do elderly people benefit from their contact with nature？
A.They look on life optimistically.
B.They enjoy a life of better quality.
C.They are able to live longer.
D.They become good-humoured.
Dr William Bird suggests in his study that______.
A.humanity and nature are complementary to each other
B.wild places may induce impulsive behaviour in people
C.access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence
D.it takes a long time to restore nature once damaged
It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be______.
The author believes that we would not be so civilised without______.
The five suggestions the author gives at the end of the passage are meant to encourage people to seek ______with the natural world.
The Tough Grass that Sweetens Our Lives
Sugar cane was once a wild grass that grew in New Guinea and was used by local people for roofing their houses and fencing their gardens. Gradually a different variety evolved which contained sucrose (蔗糖) and was chewed on for its sweet taste. Over time, sugar cane became a highly valuable commercial plant, grown throughout the world. __________ (46)
Sugar became a vital ingredient in all kinds of things, from confectionery (糖果点心 ) to medicine, and, as the demand for sugar grew, the industry became larger and more profitable.
__________ (47) Many crops withered(枯萎)and died, despite growers&39; attempts to save them, and there were fears that the health of the plant would continue to deteriorate.
In the 1960s, scientists working in Barbodos looked for ways to make the commercial species stronger and more able to resist disease. They experimented with breeding programmes, mixing genes from the more delicate, commercial type. __________(48) This sugar cane is not yet ready to be sold commercially, but when this happens, it is expected to be incredibly profitable for the industry.
__________(49) Brazil, which produces one quarter of the world&39;s sugar, has coordinated an international project under Professor Paulo Arrudo of the Universidade Estaudual de Campinas in Sao Paulo. Teams of experts have worked with him to discover more about which parts of the genetic structure of the plant are important for the production of sugar and its overall health.
Despite all the research, however, we still do not fully understand how the genes function in sugar cane __________ (50) This gene is particularly exciting because it makes the plant resistant to rust, a disease which probably originated in India, but is now capable of infecting sugar cane across the world. Scientist believes they will eventually be able to grow a plant which cannot be destroyed by rust.
第46题___________ 查看材料
A.Eventually， a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before，but also much stronger and less likely to die from disease.
B.One major gene has been identified by Dr Angelique D"Hont and her team in Montpelier，France.
C.Sugar cane is now much more vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore more guaranteed.
D.Since the 1960s， scientists have been analyzing the mysteries of the sugar cane"s genetic code.
E.The majority of the world"s sugar now comes from this particular commercial species.
F.Unfortunately， however， the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease.
The Day a Language Died
第46题___________ 查看材料
A.Some people might want to learn some of these songs by hearts.
B.Papua New Guinea is an extremely rich source of different language， but more than 100of them are in danger of extinction （灭绝）.
C.However， he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carcinoma where he learned the language.
D.These languages don"t have many native speakers.
E.For the rest of us， when a language dies， we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.
F.As these languages become more powerful， their use as tools of business and culture increase.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
A.were finding it difficult to learn English
B.were learning English at a later age than US children
C.had come from a number of language backgrounds
D.had taken English lessons in China
A.They show interest in things they are not familiar with
B.They are always looking for food
C.They do not enjoy human company
D.It is common for them to attack people
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