范围经济（Economies of scope）

互相依赖的经济(interdependent economies)

If you compare low-inflation economies with economies in which inflation is high and very volatile，how might you expect the degree of exchange rate pass-through to differ，and why？

It is often argued that the existence of increasing returns is a source of conflict between countries，since each country is better off if it can increase its production in those industries characterized by economies of scale．Evaluate this view in terms of both the monopolistic competition and the external economy models．

“Governments with economies in deficit usually face more intense pressures to restore external balance than do surplus countries. As a result， the external balance problem of a deficit country is more severe than that of a surplus country.” Do you agree？