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There()some milk some eggs and a few apples on the table.
A. is
B. are
C. will be
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Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures — learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological" drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink, some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's response in situation where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement" switched on' a display of lights and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would turn back to watch the lights closely although they would" smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights that pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
According to the author, babies learn to do things which ______.
A．are directly related to pleasure
B．will meet their physical needs
C．will bring them a feeling of success
D．will satisfy their curiosity
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Before the mid nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season. Drying, smoking, and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited, there was no way to prevent spoilage. But in 1810 a French inventor named Nicolas Appert developed the cooking and sealing process of canning. And in the i850s an American named Gall Borden developed a means of condensing and preserving milk. Canned goods and condensed milk became more common during the 1860s, but supplies remained low because cans had to be made by hand. By ]880, however, inventors had fashioned stamping and soldering machines that mass produced cans from tinplate. Suddenly all kinds of food could be preserved and bought at all times of the year.
Other trends, and inventions had also helped make it possible for Americans to vary their daily diets. Growing urban populations created demand that encouraged fruit and vegetable farmers to raise more produce. Railroad refrigerator ears enabled growers and meat packers to ship perishables great distances and to preserve them for longer periods. Thus, by the 1890s, northern city dwellers could enjoy southern and western strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previously available for a month at most, for up to six months of the year. In addition, increased use of iceboxes enabled families to store perishables. An easy means of producing ice commercially had been invented in the 1870s, and by 1900 the nation had more than two; thousand commercial ice plants, most of which made home deliveries. The icebox became a fixture in most homes and remained so until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920s and 1930s.
Almost everyone now had a more diversified diet. Some people continued to eat mainly foods that were heavy in starches or carbohydrates, and not everyone could afford meat. Nevertheless, many families could take advantage of previously unavailable fruits, vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more varied fare.
What does the passage mainly discuss？
A．Causes of food spoilage.
B．Commercial production of ice.
C．Inventions that led to changes in the American diet.
D．Population movements in the nineteenth century.
A．Continue to read.
B．Meet the woman at the library.
C．Make some coffee.
D．Go out with some friends.
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
To get a chocolate out of a box requires a considerable amount of unpacking: the box has to be taken out of the paper bag in which it arrived, the cellophane (玻璃纸) wrapper has to be torn off, the lid opened and the paper removed, the chocolate itself then has to be unwrapped from its own piece of paper. But this overuse of wrapping is not confined to luxuries. It is now becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not done up in beautiful wrapping.
The package itself is of no interest to the shopper, who usually throws it away immediately. Useless wrapping accounts for much of the refuse put out by the average London household each week. So why is it done？ Some of it, like the cellophane on meat, is necessary, but most of the rest is simply competitive selling. This is absurd. Packaging is using up scarce energy and resources and messing up the environment.
Recycling is already happening with milk bottles which are returned to the dairies, washed out, and refilled. But both glass and paper are being threatened by the growing use of plastic. More dairies are experimenting with plastic packs.
Tile trouble with plastic is that it does not rot. Some environ mentalists argue that the only solution to the problem of ever increasing plastic containers is to do away with plastic altogether in the shops, a suggestion unacceptable to many manufacturers who say there is no alternative to their handy plastic packs.
It is evident that more research is needed into the recovery and reuse of various materials and into the cost of colleting and recycling containers as opposed to producing new ones. Unnecessary packaging, intended to be used just once, and make things look better so more people will buy them, is clearly becoming increasingly absurd. But it is not so much a question of doing away with packaging as using it sensibly. What is needed now is a more advanced approach to using scarce resources for what is, after all, a relatively unimportant function.
"... this overuse of wrapping is not confined to luxuries" (Sentence 2, Paragraph 1) means ______.
A．more wrapping is needed for ordinary products
B．more wrapping is used for luxuries than for ordinary products
C．too much wrapping is used for both luxury and ordinary products
D．the wrapping used for luxury products is unnecessary
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
In 2002 there were 37,000 farms in New York. Of those, 46 percent had annual sales of more than $10,000. Most of the remaining farms were sideline (副业) operations for farmers who also held other jobs. Farmland occupied 3.1 million hectares (7.6 million acres), of which 61 percent was cropland. The rest was mostly grazing land or woodland.
Dairying is New York's most important fanning activity. More than one-half of the state's farm income comes from the production of milk and cream. Most of the dairy production is sold as fluid milk, although butter and cheese are important products as weft. The dairy areas are located in the Hudson, St. Lawrence, Black, and M6hawk valleys. Cattle are also raised for beef production. Chicken and duck products, including eggs, are also important. Chicken and duck farms are concentrated on Long Island, which is famous for its ducks. Chickens and turkeys are also raised.
In the production of potatoes, New York ranks among the top dozen states. About one-third of the output comes from Long Island.
The production of fruit is important in the state. In the late 1990s New York ranked second among the states in production of apples and in the top three states in production of grapes. Sour cherries and pears are also important crops. Most New York apples are grown in Wayne County east of Rochester and in the mid-Hudson Valley. The grapes come from the area along the Lake Erie shore and in the Finger Lakes region, although significant amounts of grapes for wine are grown in eastern Long Island. New York State's wines are among the best wines produced in the United States.
In maple syrup (枫糖浆) production, New York compotes with Vermont for top place among the states. The other important crops grown in New York include com, onions, cabbage, and hay. The Ontario Lake plain south of Lake Ontario is the state's vegetable-growing area and also has numerous flower and plant nurseries(苗圃). Many of the vegetables grown there are canned or frozen.
What is the passage mainly about？
A．The development of chicken farm in New York City.
B．Agriculture in New York City.
C．Agriculture in New York.
D．The distribution of farms and gardens.
A.am
B.are
C.be
D.is
In some parts of the world, tea_______ with milk and sugar.
A．is serving
B．is served
C．serves
D．served
In some parts of the world, such as in England, tea ______ with milk and sugar.
A is serving
B serves
C is served
D served
A.a; a
B.some, an
C.some, a
D.any, a
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