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更多“Scientists disagree on the date, but some say it may be much earlier than anyone thou”相关的问题
Which of the following can be in
A．Many scientists could be expected to disagree with it
B．evidence to support the theory has recently been found.
C．The theory is no longer seriously considered.
D．Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate.
What is the main purpose of the lecture？
A．To explain why scientists disagree about the age of the Moon
B．To present arguments in favor of another Moon landing
C．To explain how scientists discovered a crater on the far side of the Moon
D．To review some findings of a recent mission to the Moon
A．The scientific study of soils is improving soil quality in many regions worldwide．
B．Few people would disagree that soil quality is as diminished as scientists say it is．
C．The number of scientists who specialize in the study of soils has been decreasing．
D．Most scientists agree that soil degradation is occurring in many parts of the world．
A．To stress the mysterious nature of severe immune responses
B．To argue that anaphylaxis is mainly the result of bad luck
C．To point out that scientists disagree over what causes allergies
D．To suggest that people are crazy to eat offending substances
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage？
A．Within a few generations, most people may live much longer than they do now.
B．More than 12,000 Americans are over 100 years old.
C．Doctors and scientists disagree over the question of man's possible life span.
D．Man's normal period of growth is approximately as long as that of animals.
听力原文： Among global warming's most frightening threats is the prediction that the polar ice-caps will melt, raising sea level so much that coastal cities from New York to Los Angles to Shanghai will be flooded.
Scientists agree that key player in this scenario is the West Antarctic ice sheet, a Brazil-size mass of frozen water that is as much as 7, 000 feet thick. Unlike floating ice shelves which have little impact on sea level when they break up, the ice sheet is anchored to bedrock well blow the sea surface. Surrounded by open ocean, it is also vulnerable, but Antarctic experts disagree strongly on just how unstable it is.
Now, new evidence reveals that all or most of the west Antarctic ice sheet collapsed at least once during the past 1. 3 million years, a period when global temperatures probably were not significantly higher than they are today. And the ice sheet was assumed to have been stable. In geological time, a million years is recent history. The proof, which was published last week in Science, comes from a team of scientists from Uppsala University in Sweden and the California Institute of Technology who drilled deep holes near the edge of the ice sheet. Within samples collected from the solid substance lying beneath the ice,they found fossils of microscopic marine plants which suggest that the region was once an open ocean, not solid ice. As Herman Englehart, a co-author from the California Institute of Technology says, "the West Antarctic ice sheet disappeared once, and can disappear again. "
26. Q: What is one of the most frightening threats of global warming according to the passage？
27. Q:What did scientists disagree on？
28. Q:What does the latest information reveal about the West Antarctic ice sheet？
29. Q:What does the scientists' latest finding suggest？
(32)
A．The whole Antarctic region will be submerged.
B．Some polar animals will soon become extinct.
C．Many coastal cities will be covered with water.
D．The earth will experience extreme weathers.
M: (23) Genes and environment work together to shape who we are. As the environment includes everything we experience and come into contact with from birth through to death, it also plays an extremely complex role.
W: What is gene, then？
M: Even scientists disagree on exactly how to define a gene. Generally, a gene is a sequence of DNA that tells us what a single protein does. Proteins do the work of the body, building structure and stimulating biochemical reactions.
W: (24)How genetically similar are we to one another？
M: Individual humans are extremely similar to each other. They share 99.9 percent of their DNA no matter which race they belong to.
W: How genetically similar are we to other species？
M: Scientists have been amazed at how genetically similar humans are to other species. Humans share 80 percent of their genes with mice, about 99 percent of DNA with chimpanzees. That means that chimpanzees are more closely related to humans than to other animals, such as monkeys, whales or cats.
W: (25)Will genes lead to a cure for cancer and other serious disease？
M: Of course! Virtually every disease has genetic cause. Some are simple misspellings that can be corrected with gene therapy, although this technology is still in its infancy. Scientists will gain more knowledge about genes, and they will develop new treatments based on that knowledge. The outlook is especially good over the next few decades for some cancers and other disease.
(20)
A．Environment and genes.
B．Cells of proteins.
C．Genes of parents.
D．A sequence of DNA
In a research paper published in the journal science, the two groups, long at odds with each other, offer a global assessment of the world’s saltwater fish and their environments .Their conclusions are at once gloomy and upbeat – over-fishing continues to threaten many species, but a combination of steps can turn things around.
Because antagonism between ecologists and fisheries management experts has been intense, many familiar with the study say the most important factor is that it was done at all. They say they hope the study will inspire similar collaborations between scientist whose focus is safely exploiting specific natural resources and those interested mainly in conserving them .``This paper starts to bridge that gap.”
The collaboration began in 2006 when Boris Worm, a marine ecologist at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and other scientists made an alarming prediction: if current trends continue, by 2048 over-fishing will have destroyed most commercially important populations of saltwater fish.
Ecologists applauded the work. But among fisheries management scientists, reactions ranged from skepticism to fury over what many called an alarmist report . Among the most prominent critics was Ray Hilborn , a professor of aquatic and fishery sciences at the university of Washington in Seattle .Yet the disagreement did not play out in a typical scientific fashion with ,as Dr. Hilborn put it ,``researchers firing critical papers back and forth .”Instead, he and Dr .worm found themselves debating the issue on National Public Radio.
We started talking and found more common ground than we had expected,” Dr .Worm said .Dr .Hilborn recalled thinking that Dr .worm`` actually seemed like a reasonable person.” The two decided to work together on the issue.
Because the new paper represents the views of both camps, its conclusions are likely to be influential .Getting a strong statement from those communities that there is more to agree on than to disagree on helps build confidence.
While consumers pay for perceived shortages at the pump, scientists and economists struggle to reach consensus over "proven oil reserves," or how much oil you can realistically mine before recovery costs outstrip profits. Economist Leonardo Maugeri fired up the debate that accused the "oil doomsters" of crying wolf.
Oil pessimists estimate that maximum oil production around the globe will peak in 2008 as demand rises from developing economies such as China. "If you squeezed all the oil in Iraq into a single bottle, you could fill four glasses, with the world consuming one glass of oil each year," says a physicist. "We've consumed nine bottles since oil was discovered, and we have another 9 or 10 in the refrigerator. How many more are there？ Some say five or six, but we say three."
Others believe, like Maugeri, that the number of glasses is virtually limitless. John Felmy, chief economist at the American Petroleum Institute, argues that peak oil-production estimates are so far off that. "Ever since oil was first harvested in the 1800s, people have said we'd run out of the stuff," Felmy says. In the 1880s a Standard Oil executive sold off shares in the company out of fear that its reserves were close to drying up. Some scientists said in the 1970s that we'd hit peak oil in 2003. It didn't happen.
If there is an end to the debate, advanced oil-recovery technologies will most likely find it. A new seismic survey technique, for instance, sends sound waves of varying frequencies thousands of meters belowground. Microphones arrayed aboveground record the reflected signals, and computer software models a 3-D portrait of possible oil hot spots. The surveys have now added a fourth dimension, creating a time-lapse simulation of fluid movements.
Companies are also finding sophisticated ways to mine more oil from existing wells. Flexible, coiled-tube drills that carve out horizontal side paths are a marked improvement over conventional, rigid drills that move only straight down. Using such technology, companies hope to soon harvest 50 to 60 percent of oil from existing wells, up from today's 35 percent.
Biotechnology, too is keeping the black gold flowing. University of Albert scientists are searching for microorganisms that could dilute viscous, hard-to-recover oil and make it flow more freely.
"Technology can help push peak oil production further and further out," says an expert. But only time will tell when oil production will peak.
According to the passage, which of the following statements is true？
A．How long the oil age will last is simply an academic question.
B．The oil price this year set a new record.
C．Shell Group reduced its reserves to 4.5 billion barrels this year.
D．Economists disagree with one another on how much oil you can realistically mine.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
听力原文： When Thomas Khun was asked by the New York Times a few years ago whether he agreed that science is defined by its scientific method, Khun replied "I don't believe there is something specifiable as a scientific method that is not pretty much what common sense calls for in most cases." Dr. Joshua Lederberg, the Nobel Laureate who is president of Rockefeller University, continued this train of thought: "Scientists use methods we should recognize in daily life, but that we may not push to the ultimate." Khun concluded: "You're right. Science is more systematic. But its logical structure is very much the logical structure of common sense."
But what is considered to be common sense may vary. It is now common sense to think of a cold as the result of a virus; it used to be common sense to think a cold was the result of bad vapors. When people disagree over what is common sense, they usually argue over the meaning of words. For example, some think it is common sense for children to be punished if they disobey. But it is also considered common sense not to physically abuse children. What is common sense in this context depends upon how you define punishment and how you define abuse. Thus thinking about things in a common sense fashion requires making more precise terms to describe the things you are thinking about.
(27)
A．They are beyond ordinary people.
B．They are similar to what can be seen in ordinary life.
C．They are illogical.
D．They are very systematic and very different from common sense.
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