Global urban population is growing at rapid rate of at 2001.

A.20%

B.40%

C.60%

D.--

ments" says a significant change took place last year. The report【C1】______this week from U. N. Habitat, a United Nations agency.

A century ago,【C2】______than five percent of all people lived in cities.【C3】______the middle of this century it could be seventy percent, or【C4】______six and a half billion people. Already three-fourths of people in【C5】______countries live in cities. Now most urban population【C6】______is in the developing world.

Urbanization can【C7】______to social and economic progress, but also put【C8】______on cities to provide housing and【C9】______. The new report says almost two hundred thousand people move【C10】______cities and towns each day. It says worsening inequalities,【C11】______by social divisions and differences in【C12】______, could result in violence and crime【C13】______cities

plan better.

Another issue is urban sprawl(无序扩展的城区). This is where cities【C14】______quickly into rural areas, sometimes【C15】______a much faster rate than urban population growth.

Sprawl is【C16】______in the United States. Americans move a lot. In a recent study, Art Hall at the University of Kansas found that people are moving away from the【C17】______cities to smaller ones. He sees a【C18】______toward "de-urbanization" across the nation.

【C19】______urban economies still provide many【C20】______that rural areas do not.

【C1】

A．came on

B．came off

C．came over

D．came out

ments" says a significant change took place last year. The report【C1】______this week from U. N. Habitat, a United Nations agency.

A century ago,【C2】______than five percent of all people lived in cities.【C3】______the middle of this century it could be seventy percent, or【C4】______six and a half billion people. Already three-fourths of people in【C5】______countries live in cities. Now most urban population【C6】______is in the developing world.

Urbanization can【C7】______to social and economic progress, but also put【C8】______on cities to provide housing and【C9】______. The new report says almost two hundred thousand people move【C10】______cities and towns each day. It says worsening inequalities,【C11】______by social divisions and differences in【C12】______, could result in violence and crime【C13】______cities

plan better.

Another issue is urban sprawl(无序扩展的城区). This is where cities【C14】______quickly into rural areas, sometimes【C15】______a much faster rate than urban population growth.

Sprawl is【C16】______in the United States. Americans move a lot. In a recent study, Art Hall at the University of Kansas found that people are moving away from the【C17】______cities to smaller ones. He sees a【C18】______toward "de-urbanization" across the nation.

【C19】______urban economies still provide many【C20】______that rural areas do not.

【C1】

A．came on

B．came off

C．came over

D．came out

听力原文： About 45 percent of urban citizens have trouble sleeping, according to a report released at China's first clinical training class for sleep disorders.

Based on statistics released by Doctor Pan Jiyang from the Sleep Centre of the China Medical Association in Guangzhou, capital of Guangdong, the global incidence of insomnia is 25 percent. But in China's six largest cities, where competition for jobs is most intense, a random questioning of 10,000 people showed almost half have suffered from differing degrees of insomnia in the past year. Most patients do not consider the problem to be too serious, with only 5 percent saying they would consult a doctor. Among the patients treated at the Sleep Clinic in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, white collar workers and students account for the largest proportion, with successful people of high social status and considerable income being particularly affected.

(23)

A．25 percent.

B．5 percent.

C．45 percent.

D．10 percent.

t is, urban【C1】______ have known for years that swaths of asphalt and concrete tend to【C2】______ the summer heat. As cities have grown,【C3】______ has the temperature problem. This summer, NASA and the Environmental Protection Agency teamed up with several U.S. cities to study urban "heat islands" and【C4】______ ways to bring some【C5】______ . The pilot program【C6】______ satellite, airplane and ground-based date to produce detailed maps of the hot and (comparatively) cool zones in the【C7】______ areas.

Images of Salt Lake City,【C8】______ in late July, document the【C9】______ of the urban heat problem. Some dark rooftops reach a temperature of 160 degrees F.(71 degrees C.). Jeff Luvall,【C10】______ heads the heat island project, notes that use of【C11】______ materials for roofs and parking lots would help【C12】______ solar heat upward. Urban forests also help reduce temperatures,【C13】 ______ the extent of the improvement depends on both the extent and arrangement of the forests. Luvall reports that【C14】______ along streams brings cool air into Salt Lake City; developers who turn these streams into concrete ditches throw away a【C15】______ natural air conditioning system.【C16】______ , scientists continue to fret about the broader, potentially【C17】______ more troublesome problem of global warming. Vice President Al Gore recently cited government data showing that the first half of 1998 was the warmest year【C18】______ record and called on Congress to adopt【C19】______ that would【C20】______ emissions of greenhouse gases.

【C1】

A．population

B．citizens

C．dwellers

D．people

The main idea of paragraph 3 is that ______ ．

A．workers now take examinations.

B．the population had grown rapidly.

C．there are only written exams today.

D．examinations are now written and timed.

In recent years, the Chinese auto industry has seen rapid growth, with the demand on private cars rising sharply in Chinese cities since 2002.

By 2009, China has replaced the U.S. to become the world's largest auto market. As an important part of the world car industry, the global auto industry will shift further to China. This brings historical opportunity to China's auto market.

Currently, both the development of China's auto market and the changes in consumer demand for vehicles are ever -increasing. China's auto industry will continue to grow in the next decade. It means there is still huge room for its development. China has an urban population of more than 600million. It also has a huge agricultural vehicle market in the rural areas. Hence, there is no doubt for China's development of auto industry. That is also the reason why the world's auto producers are paying more attention to the Chinese market.

()26. The demand on private cars increased greatly in Chinese cities since 2002.

()27. China has become the world's largest auto market.

()28. China's auto industry tends to decrease in the next decade.

()29. China has an urban population of less than 600 million.

()30. The reason why the world's auto producers are paying more attention to the Chinese market is that China's auto industry developed very quickly.

nd that's a problem. To most of us, city trees are to genuine forests what gardens are to jungles or fish tanks are to the ocean—pocket-size imitations of the wild world, decorative perhaps but playing no real role in the global ecosystem. But urban trees are a lot more important than that, and at the moment, they're in decline.

Tree cover from city to city has been measured by any number of studies, so direct comparisons of figures are hard, but across the country, things are trending downward. In the past few decades, Washington has lost half its tree cover; San Diego's is off about a quarter; the cover in cities in Michigan, North Carolina and Florida has fallen to about 27% of what it once was; Chicago and Philadelphia are just 16%. "Urban deforestation," says Ed Macie, an urban specialist with the U.S. Forest Service in Atlanta, "compares with what's going on in the world's rain forests."

As with so many other environmental problems, there are a lot of things causing the tree trouble. In the mid to late 20th century, Dutch elm disease wiped out millions of city trees, and now bark beetles, gypsy moths and emerald ash borers are chomping through millions more, thanks in part to climate change that makes cities more hospitable to the pests. The fact that so many trees exist in cities to be eaten in the first place is a tribute to our greener impulses. Many municipalities planted their now towering canopies right after World War II, but age is taking a toll as a lot of those trees simply reach the end of their life span.

Development too much is a problem. In and around cities, single-family homes that once covered only a portion of their lot are being replaced by McMansions that don't leave enough yard space to support large-canopied trees. Sprawl is causing the footprints of cities themselves to increase, with what was once relatively lush land being bulldozed and paved over.

Urban fiscal woes have had a hand as well. Cities unable to keep up with the maintenance of large roadside trees swap them for pygmy-statured hawthorns and crape myrtles. Newly designed parks are replacing trees with no-fuss tennis courts and playgrounds. "Budgets are tight, and no one is giving extra money to plant larger trees," says Greg McPherson, director of the U.S. Forest Service Center for Urban Forest Research..

All this hits the environment hard, starting with air quality. But it's the thermometer that most noticeably reflects the loss of trees. A high canopy prevents sunlight and heat from ever reaching the ground; by contrast, unshaded asphalt soaks up thermal energy and radiates it back, creating what is known as heat islands.

Local governments are finally responding to the problem. More than 2,000 big and small cities have launched long-term planting and preservation programs. For now, the most immediate answer is less the planting strategy than the preservation one, something that can best be achieved by curbing sprawl and downsizing our taste for too-big homes. For people who plan cities as well as those who live there, it's important to remember that most of the time, sidewalks and sycamores are equally important.

Which of the following best summarizes the author's understanding of urban trees？

A．The decline of urban trees poses a big threat to human life.

B．The falling of trees causes big trouble in cities.

C．They play no real role in the global ecosystem.

D．There's no need to worry about their decline.

hat anthropologists have traditionally studied. Its easy to see that solutions for future problems will depend 【M1】______ increasingly on understanding non-Western cultural background. The Southern Hemisphere is steadily increasing their share of world population, and the 【M2】______ fastest population growth rates are in Third World cities. Rural migrants move to slums, where they live in hovels that lack utilities and public sanitation facilities. Growing with 12 to 20 percent each year, the world 【M3】______ slum population will double in three to six years. If current demographic trends continue, urban population increase and the concentration of city dwellers in slums will be accompanied by increased rates of crime and 【M4】______ water, air, and noise pollution. These problems will be most severe in the less-developed countries. Therefore, 【M5】______ they will also affect the United States, which shares a front with Mexico, one of the worlds fastest growing 【M6】______ nations. As a result of petroleum — and chemical — dependent mechanized farming, the global food supply increased dramatically from the 1950s through the mid-1980s. Now, moreover, food production and food distribution 【M7】______ are not keeping up with world population growth. The gap will surely widen up if current trends continue. 【M8】______ Children will go on dying as starvation substitutes for more human means of limiting population growth. 【M9】______ Todays African famine areas provide a glimpse of things to come. From the global perspective, birth control and family planning are essential if resources are to be sufficient, if starvation, pestilence, and war are 【M10】______ not to stalk the earth during the third millennia.

【M1】

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

However urban life strikes you, cities worldwide have been growing ever more rapidly. Some of this growth has occurred in the developed world, but the most dramatic increase has been in the Third World. Almost all the world's population growth over the next 30 years will take place in the cities of developing countries. By the year 2030, for the first time in history, 60 percent of the world's people will be living in cities.

This is actually good news in some ways. "Cities are the fundamental building blocks of prosperity," says Marc Weiss, chairman of the Prague Institute for Global Urban Development, "both for the nation and for families." Industrial and commercial activities in urban areas account for between 50 and 80 percent of the gross domestic product(GDP) in most countries of the world "there's the crazy notion that the way to deal with a city's problems is to keep people out of them," Weiss continued. "But the problems of the rural life are even more serious than those of the city." For better or worse, urban-watchers are clear on one point: The quality of life for most people in the future will be determined by the quality of cities.

Those cities will be bigger than ever. And yet, population numbers by themselves don't determine a city's prospects; after all, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Hamburg, Germany, have the same population. Nor is explosive growth necessarily the determining factor. "City problems," one authority points out, "mostly have to do with weak, ineffective, and usually unrepresentative city governments."

What is the passage mainly about？

A．Big cities.

B．City life.

C．Population.

D．Gross Domestic Product.