Alaska is disappearing slowly but surely. Since the 1950s, it is estimated that as much as

15 percent of Alaska’s area has disappeared. But how can a whole state be disappearing？ One reason for Alaska’s gradual disappearance is the melting its glaciers. According to one geologist at the US Geological Survey, about 98 percent of Alaska’s glaciers are either unmoving or diminishing. This diminishing seems mainly due to the increase in global temperatures. Since the 1960s, the average year-round temperature has increased by 5℉. Furthermore, the average winter temperature has increased by 8℉. Presently, an estimated 24 cubic miles of ice is disappearing from Alaskan glaciers every year. It may be even more in the near future, as some scientists predict that the average world temperature could go up 2.5 to 10℉by the year 2010. Another problem contributing to Alaska’s gradual disappearance is its permafrost. (4) Much of the land in Alaska was permanently frozen, or frozen for most of the year, thus maintaining its integrity. Now, the thawing permafrost is causing a number of problems on land. Roads and utility poles are collapsing. Also, the hard permafrost which originally prevented beaches from eroding during violent storms is now melting. Affected villages are forced to relocate. For villages on small low islands, one terrible storm could wipe out the entire community. The melting permafrost and increasing temperature are also having a negative impact on the forests of Alaska. As the permafrost under the forests melts, insects that normally don’t turn up until the warmer seasons are appearing sooner. The spruce-bark beetle, for example, is increasing in numbers as a result of global warming. It usually takes about two years for these beetles to grow and reproduce in a very cold weather. However, due to the increase in temperatures, spruce-bark beetles are damaging as many trees in one year as they previously damaged in two. At this rate, Alaska’s forest won’t survive the turn of the century. Some scientists believe that human activity is linked to a global increase in weather temperature. Whether the rising temperature are caused by human activity or natural changes, the fact remains that Alaska is warming. Some others argue that global warming may be a normal trend on the Earth’s temperature chart. (5) One theory argues that we are near the end of a so-called “Little Ice Age”, and the return of the glaciers is natural result of this cycle. Whether natural or produced by humans, there is little hope for the immediate future of glaciers as we know them. Horribly, this could be a preview of what will happen to the rest of the world in the next century. Questions 1-3 Answer the following questions briefly according to the passage. 1. What are disappearing in Alaska actually？ 2. How much ice is melting each year according to the survey？ 3. Why do insects damage more trees than before？ Questions 4-5 Translate the underlined sentences in the passage into Chinese. 4. Much of the land in Alaska was permanently frozen, or frozen for most of the year, thus maintaining its integrity 5. One theory argues that we are near the end of a so-called “Little Ice Age”, and the return of the glaciers is natural result of this cycle. Whether natural or produced by humans, there is little hope for the immediate future of glaciers as we know them.