题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A.多巴胺能神经元
B.去甲肾上腺素能神经元
C.五羟色胺能神经元
D.乙酰胆碱能神经元
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简答题官方参考答案
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网友提供的答案
更多“奖赏环路的构成是位于中脑腹侧被盖区（ventral tegmental area，VTA）内的__________投射到伏隔核（nucleus accumbens，NAc）、前额叶皮层（prefron…”相关的问题
together to establish the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) in response to the growing public demand for cleaner
water, air and land. Prior the establishment of 【S1】______
the EPA, the federal government is not structured to make 【S2】______
a coordinated attack on the pollutants that harm human health
and degrade the environment. The EPA was assigning the task 【S3】______
of repairing the damage already done to the natural environ
ment and to establish new criteria to guide Americans in making
a cleaner environment a reality.
Bom in the awake of elevated concern about environmental 【S4】______
mental pollution, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
opened its doors in downtown Washington, D.C., on December 2,
1970. EPA was established to consolidate in one agency the variety 【S5】______
of federal research, monitoring, standard-setting and
enforcement activity to ensure environmental protection. 【S6】______
EPA's mission is to protect human health and to safeguard
the naturally environment-air, water, and land-upon 【S7】______
which life depend. For more than 30 years, the EPA 【S8】______
has been working for a cleaner, healthier environment for the
American people.
From regulating auto emissions to ban the use of 【S9】______
DDT; from cleaning up toxic waste to protecting the ozone
layer; from increasing recycling to revitalizing inner-city brown-
fields, EPA's achievements have resulted in cleaner alr, purer
water, and well protected land. 【S10】______
【S1】
A、正性强化假说：认为使用精神活性物质后会产生欣快感，使用者为了不断感受这种美好的感觉而追求再次使用药物
B、负性强化假说：是基于对阿片成瘾者的临床观察提出的，认为驱动反复用药行为的主要原因是为了避免突然撤药时难以忍受的戒断症状
C、动机-敏化假说：认为成瘾性物质长期作用引起奖赏环路发生适应性改变，使得人体对药物及药物相关的刺激变得高度敏感（敏化），反应性显著增强
D、认知功能障碍假说：认为药物长期作用下前额叶皮层功能出现了异常，使成瘾者对药物相关线索产生过度的注意力偏好，并且明知药物带来的严重后果仍然不可控制的觅药和用药。
E、该假说未直接回答为何会复吸
突触间隙的神经递质被突触前膜上的神经递质转运体吸收并贮存于囊泡，这个过程叫做再摄取（reuptake）。主要阻断多巴胺转运体再摄取多巴胺（一种单胺类神经递质），从而提高突触间隙内多巴胺浓度的精神活性物质是：
A、尼古丁
B、可卡因
C、酒精
D、阿片类
A、急性中毒
B、耐受
C、戒断综合征
D、依赖综合征
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